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Wu S, Li X, Ge Z, Luo Y. Study on GAP Adhesive-Based Polymer Films, Energetic Polymer Composites and Application. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061538. [PMID: 36987318 PMCID: PMC10056153 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To lay the foundation for environmentally friendly energetic polymer composites, GAP (glycidyl azide polymer) adhesive-based polymer films with different curing parameter R (mol ratio of hydroxyl/isocyanate) and energetic polymer composites with different RDX contents were studied. GAP/TDI (toluene diisocyanate)/GLY(glycerol) was selected as the adhesive system. The tensile strength and elongation at the break of the polymer film with R = 2.2, was 14.34 MPa and 176.86%, respectively, as observed by an AGS-J electronic universal testing machine. A relatively complete cross-linking network and high hydrogen bonding interaction were observed by LF-NMR (low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, where the cross-linking density was 11.06 × 10-4 mol/cm3) and FT-IR (fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, where the carbonyl bonding ratio was 64.84%). Forty percent RDX(hexogen) was added into the adhesive system. The tensile strength was 4.65 MPa, and the elongation at the break was 78.49%; meanwhile, the heat of the explosive was 2.87 MJ/kg, and the residue carbon rate was only 2.47%. The tensile cross-sections of energetic polymer composites were observed by SEM (Scanning electron microscopy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhen Ge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunjun Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Synthesis and Characterization of Random Block Hydroxyl-Terminated Polyfluoroether-Based Polyurethane Elastomers with Fluorine-Containing Side Chains. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020288. [PMID: 36679169 PMCID: PMC9867227 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Polype ntafluoropropane glycidyl ether (PPFEE), a new random block hydroxyl-terminated polyfluoroether, was synthesized successfully by cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropoxymethyl) oxirane, and its molecular structure was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and gel permeation chromatography. The PPFEE-based polyurethane elastomers featuring fluorine in their side chains were prepared using PPFEE as soft segments, polyisocyanate polyaryl polymethylene isocyanate as hard segments, and dibutyltin dilaurate as catalysts under different curing conditions. The microphase separation, mechanical performance, and thermal behavior of the elastomers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, uniaxial tensile test, and thermal gravimetric analysis, respectively. Based on the results, the percentage of hard segments dissolved into the soft segments of elastomers was opposite to the change in breaking strength. The PPFEE-based polyurethane elastomer cured with 20 wt% PAPI at the curing temperature of 50 °C displayed the maximum tensile elongation of 2.26 MPa with an elongation at break of nearly 150%. The increased contents of PAPI can effectively strengthen the tensile strength, and the maximum tensile elongation was 3.04 MPa with an elongation at break of nearly 90% when the content of PAPI was 26 wt%. In addition, the PPFEE-based polyurethane elastomers exhibited excellent resistance to thermal decomposition and a sharp weight loss temperature at around 371 °C. All the results demonstrated that the PPFEE may be a potential polymeric binder as one of the ingredients applied to future propellant formulations.
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Zhang W, Zhang T, Liu H, Zheng Y, Zhong Y, Wang G, Zhu Q, Liu X, Zhang L, Li H. Synthesis and characterization of a novel hydroxy telechelic polyfluoroether to enhance the properties of HTPB solid propellant binders. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tang G, Wang D, Luo Y, Li X. Novel azide-rich fluorinated energetic polyurethane with excellent mechanical properties by a one-pot facile strategy. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Xu M, Lu X, Liu N, Zhang Q, Mo H, Ge Z. Fluoropolymer/Glycidyl Azide Polymer (GAP) Block Copolyurethane as New Energetic Binders: Synthesis, Mechanical Properties, and Thermal Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2706. [PMID: 34451249 PMCID: PMC8399772 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to enhance the application performance of glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) in solid propellant, an energetic copolyurethane binder, (poly[3,3-bis(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxymethyl)oxetane] glycol-block-glycidylazide polymer (PBFMO-b-GAP) was synthesized using poly[3,3-bis(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxymethyl)oxetane] glycol (PBFMO), which was prepared from cationic polymerization with GAP as the raw material and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) as the coupling agent via a prepolymer process. The molecular structure of copolyurethanes was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The impact sensitivity, mechanical performance, and thermal behavior of PBFMO-b-GAP were studied by drop weight test, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS), tensile test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The results demonstrated that the introduction of fluoropolymers could evidently reduce the sensitivity of GAP-based polyurethane and enhance its mechanical behavior (the tensile strength up to 5.75 MPa with a breaking elongation of 1660%). Besides, PBFMO-b-GAP exhibited excellent resistance to thermal decomposition up to 200 °C and good compatibility with Al and cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX). The thermal performance of the PBFMO-b-GAP/Al complex was investigated by a cook-off test, and the results indicated that the complex has specific reaction energy. Therefore, PBFMO-b-GAP may serve as a promising energetic binder for future propellant formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
- Department of Energetic Materials Science and Technology, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China; (X.L.); (N.L.); (Q.Z.); (H.M.); (Z.G.)
| | - Xianming Lu
- Department of Energetic Materials Science and Technology, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China; (X.L.); (N.L.); (Q.Z.); (H.M.); (Z.G.)
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Energetic Materials Science and Technology, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China; (X.L.); (N.L.); (Q.Z.); (H.M.); (Z.G.)
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Energetic Materials Science and Technology, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China; (X.L.); (N.L.); (Q.Z.); (H.M.); (Z.G.)
| | - Hongchang Mo
- Department of Energetic Materials Science and Technology, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China; (X.L.); (N.L.); (Q.Z.); (H.M.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhongxue Ge
- Department of Energetic Materials Science and Technology, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China; (X.L.); (N.L.); (Q.Z.); (H.M.); (Z.G.)
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Hu Y, Tang G, Luo Y, Chi S, Li X. Glycidyl azide polymer-based polyurethane vitrimers with disulfide chain extenders. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00441g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycidyl azide polymer-based polyurethane vitrimers were synthesized. By optimizing the parameters, the vitrimers showed decent mechanical properties, healability and reprocessability. Fillers were loaded to synthesize healable composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofang Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Gang Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Yunjun Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
- Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Materials
| | - Shumeng Chi
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
- Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Materials
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Hu L, Pu Z, Tian Y, Zheng X, Cheng J, Zhong J. Preparation and properties of fluorinated silicon two‐component polyurethane hydrophobic coatings. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratories of Fine Chemicals and Surfactants in Sichuan Provincial UniversitiesSichuan University of Science and Engineering Zigong China
| | - Zejun Pu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratories of Fine Chemicals and Surfactants in Sichuan Provincial UniversitiesSichuan University of Science and Engineering Zigong China
| | - Yuhan Tian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratories of Fine Chemicals and Surfactants in Sichuan Provincial UniversitiesSichuan University of Science and Engineering Zigong China
| | - Xiaoyi Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratories of Fine Chemicals and Surfactants in Sichuan Provincial UniversitiesSichuan University of Science and Engineering Zigong China
| | - Jie Cheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratories of Fine Chemicals and Surfactants in Sichuan Provincial UniversitiesSichuan University of Science and Engineering Zigong China
| | - Jiachun Zhong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratories of Fine Chemicals and Surfactants in Sichuan Provincial UniversitiesSichuan University of Science and Engineering Zigong China
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Jarosz T, Stolarczyk A, Wawrzkiewicz-Jalowiecka A, Pawlus K, Miszczyszyn K. Glycidyl Azide Polymer and its Derivatives-Versatile Binders for Explosives and Pyrotechnics: Tutorial Review of Recent Progress. Molecules 2019; 24:E4475. [PMID: 31817642 PMCID: PMC6943510 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP), an energetic binder, is the focus of this review. We briefly introduce the key properties of this well-known polymer, the difference between energetic and non-energetic binders in propellant and explosive formulations, the fundamentals for producing GAP and its copolymers, as well as for curing GAP using different types of curing agents. We use recent works as examples to illustrate the general approaches to curing GAP and its derivatives, while indicating a number of recently investigated curing agents. Next, we demonstrate that the properties of GAP can be modified either through internal (structural) alterations or through the introduction of external (plasticizers) additives and provide a summary of recent progress in this area, tying it in with studies on the properties of such modifications of GAP. Further on, we discuss relevant works dedicated to the applications of GAP as a binder for propellants and plastic-bonded explosives. Lastly, we indicate other, emerging applications of GAP and provide a summary of its mechanical and energetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Jarosz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 9 Strzody Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Stolarczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 9 Strzody Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Zhang Q, Liu N, Xu MH, Ma L, Lu XM, Shu YJ, Wang XC. PolyNIMMO-HTPE-polyNIMMO triblock copolymer as a potential energetic binder: Synthesis and characterization. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Zhang Q, Liu N, Mo H, Lu X, Wang Y, Xu M, Shu Y. Facile Preparation and Properties of Crosslinked Copolyether Elastomers with 1,2,3-Triazole and Urethane Subunit via Click Polymerization. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:571-579. [PMID: 31065507 PMCID: PMC6496403 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An azide terminated ethylene oxide-tetrahydrofuran copolymer with urethane segments (ATUPET) as a novel binder pre-polymer, has been prepared through ethylene oxide-tetrahydrofuran random copolymer (PET) end-capping modification via one-pot method. The structure characterization of the modifier has been analyzed by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and GPC. In comparison with PET, ATUPET has a slightly higher viscosity because it has additional hydrogen bonding interaction generated by the urethane in ATUPET. Triazole cross-linked elastomers based on ATUPET with various functional molar ratios were prepared using tripropargylamine as a curing agent and cross-linker. Mechanical properties indicate that the modulus E and tensile strength σ b exhibit a parabolic dependence with the increase in R. At around the stoichiometric ratio, the modulus E and tensile strength σ b reach a maximum and the elongation at break exhibit an acceptable value at the same time. Swelling tests demonstrate that the apparent cross-linking densities (N0) have a maximum value at the stoichiometric ratio. Thermal analysis shows that the ATUPET prepolymer and its polytriazoles elastomers exhibit a satisfactory stability. The results demonstrated that ATUPET might be a promising polymeric binder for future propellant formulations especially in the field of isocyanate-free curing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research InstituteXi'anChina
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen ChemicalsXi'anChina
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen ChemicalsXi'anChina
| | - Hongchang Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen ChemicalsXi'anChina
| | - Xianming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen ChemicalsXi'anChina
| | - Yao Wang
- China Tobacco Shaanxi Industrial Co., Ltd.BaojiChina
| | - Minghui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen ChemicalsXi'anChina
| | - Yuanjie Shu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research InstituteXi'anChina
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen ChemicalsXi'anChina
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11
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Xu M, Lu X, Mo H, Liu N, Zhang Q, Ge Z. Studies on PBFMO- b-PNMMO alternative block thermoplastic elastomers as potential binders for solid propellants. RSC Adv 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05517g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel energetic polymeric binder PBFMO-b-PNMMO alternative block thermoplastic elastomer was developed for metal-rich solid propellants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals
- Xi'an 710065
- China
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an 710065
| | - Xianming Lu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an 710065
- China
| | - Hongchang Mo
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an 710065
- China
| | - Ning Liu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an 710065
- China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an 710065
- China
| | - Zhongxue Ge
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an 710065
- China
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12
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Wang B, Feng Y, Qi X, Deng M, Tian J, Zhang Q. Designing Explosive Poly(Ionic Liquid)s as Novel Energetic Polymers. Chemistry 2018; 24:15897-15902. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Binshen Wang
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP); Mianyang 621900 P. R. China
| | - Yongan Feng
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP); Mianyang 621900 P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Qi
- Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 P. R. China
| | - Mucong Deng
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP); Mianyang 621900 P. R. China
| | - Junjun Tian
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP); Mianyang 621900 P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials; China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP); Mianyang 621900 P. R. China
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