1
|
Tan C, He Y, Luo B, Liu M. Microencapsulated phase change material with chitin nanocrystals stabilized Pickering emulsion for thermal energy storage. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124374. [PMID: 37028616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The leakage during the phase change process and low thermal conductivity of PCMs limit their application area. In this study, Pickering emulsion stabilized with chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) was used to prepare paraffin wax (PW) microcapsules by forming a dense melamine-formaldehyde resin shell on the surface of droplets. The PW microcapsules were then loaded into the metal foam to endow high thermal conductivity to the composite. The PW emulsions could be formed at low concentrations of ChNCs (0.3 wt%), and the PW microcapsules exhibits a favorable thermal cycling stability and a satisfactory latent heat-storage capacity over 170 J/g. Most importantly, the encapsulation of the polymer shell not only endows the microcapsules with high encapsulation efficiency of 98.8 %, non-leakage properties under prolonged high temperature conditions, but also with high flame retardancy. In addition, the composite of PW microcapsules/copper foam shows satisfactory performance in terms of thermal conductivity, thermal storage capacity and thermal reliability, which can be used for effective temperature regulation of heat generating materials. This study provides new design strategy of natural and sustainable nanomaterials stabilized PCMs, which shows promising application in the field of energy management and thermal equipment temperature regulation.
Collapse
|
2
|
Song B, Zhu X, Wang W, Wang L, Pei X, Qian X, Liu L, Xu Z. Toughening of melamine-formaldehyde foams and advanced applications based on functional design. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
3
|
Flame-retardant AlOOH/graphene oxide composite coating with temperature-responsive resistance for efficient early-warning fire sensors. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
4
|
Crack-Resistant Amino Resin Flame-Retardant Coatings Using Waterborne Polyurethane as a Co-Binder Resin. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124122. [PMID: 35744180 PMCID: PMC9231142 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Surface cracking is a major issue in amino resin-based flame-retardant coatings, which can be reduced by mixing flexible resins into the coatings. In this study, flexible waterborne polyurethane (WPU) was added into a melamine-modified, urea-formaldehyde, resin-based intumescent flame retardant (MUF-IFR) coating. A molecular chain of WPU was inserted into the MUF network and formed a WPU/MUF-semi-IPN structure. The cracking resistance of the coating was gradually enhanced with the increase in WPU content. When the WPU content exceeded 25% of the total resin, there were no cracks in the coatings after crack-resistance tests. The coatings before and after toughening showed good transparency on wood surfaces. The influence of WPU on char formation and flame retardant properties were explored by TGA, SEM, and cone calorimetry. The results showed that the decomposition of WPU occurred before char formation, which decreased the integrity of the coating and damaged the compactness of the char. Therefore, the addition of WPU reduced the expansion height and the barrier capacity of the char as well as the flame retardant properties of the coating. When the amount of WPU was 25% of the total resin, compared to the non-WPU coating, the average heat release rate in 300 s (AveHRR300s) and the total heat release at 300 s (THR300s) of the samples were increased by 45.8% and 35.7%, respectively. However, compared to the naked wood, the peak heat release rate (pHRR1), AveHRR300s, and THR300s of the samples with the coating containing 25% WPU were decreased by 64.2%, 39.0%, and 39.7%, respectively. Therefore, the thermal stability of WPU affected char formation. The amount of WPU added should be chosen to be the amount that was added just before the coating cracked.
Collapse
|
5
|
Jin H, Zhou X, Gu Y, Dai C, Yun S, Mao P, Guan G, Chen J. Multifunctional Melamine Formaldehyde Composite Foam for High-Temperature Insulation, Flame Retardancy, and Oil–Water Separation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiran Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yawei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chenye Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shan Yun
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China
| | - Ping Mao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China
| | - Guofeng Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Monolithic carbon aerogels within foam framework for high-temperature thermal insulation and organics absorption. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 618:259-269. [PMID: 35339962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbon aerogels exhibit high porosity, good electrical conductivity, and low thermal conductivity, but their practical applications are greatly hindered by their tedious preparation and inherent structure brittleness. Herein, monolithic carbon aerogels (MCAs) with low density and large size are prepared via a facile sol-gel polymerization of phenolic resin within melamine foam (MF), followed by ambient pressure drying and co-carbonization. During ambient pressure drying process, the MF matrix can deliver supporting force to counteract against the solvent evaporation surface tension, thus inhibiting volume shrinkage and shape deformation. Upon co-carbonization process, the MF matrix and organic aerogel could pyrolyze and shrink cooperatively, which could effectively prevent the brittle fracture of monolith. Therefore, large-sized MCAs (up to 250 × 250 × 20 mm) with low densities of 0.12-0.22 g·cm-3 are obtained. The as-obtained MCAs possess high compressive strength (2.50 MPa), ultra-low thermal conductivity (0.051 W·m-1·K-1 at 25 °C and 0.111 W·m-1·K-1 at 800 °C), and high-volume organic absorption capability (77.3-88.0%, V/V). This facile and low-cost method for the fabrication of large-sized monolithic carbon aerogels with excellent properties could envision enormous potential for high-temperature thermal insulation and organics absorption.
Collapse
|
7
|
Pan YY, Yin WM, Meng RJ, Guo YR, Zhang JG, Pan QJ. Productive preparation of N-doped carbon dots from sodium lignosulfonate/melamine formaldehyde foam and its fluorescence detection of trivalent iron ions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:24038-24043. [PMID: 35479045 PMCID: PMC9036664 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03279h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its good properties and low cost, melamine formaldehyde foam has been widely used in cars, furniture and construction. However, how to recycle the spent foam still remains challenging for scientists. In this work, a new method was designed to prepare N-doped carbon dot (NCD) materials by calcining sodium lignin sulfonate/melamine formaldehyde foam (LSMF) via one step. TEM, IR and XPS were used to characterize the structure and morphology of newly-synthesized NCDs. It is shown that carbon powder is obtainable by calcination. Since it derives from the collapse of the foam structure of LSMF, the carbon powder can almost completely dissolve in deionized water. The particle size ranges from 5 to 20 nm. The fluorescence properties of NCDs were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. A strong emission has been detected at 580 nm with the quantum yield of 2.94%. When applying NCDs to detect various metal ions, there is a significant fluorescence quenching effect and good selectivity for Fe3+. The mechanism has been hypothesised. Our study provides a method for productive preparation of NCDs from spent foam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China
| | - Wei-Ming Yin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China
| | - Ran-Jun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China
| | - Yuan-Ru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China
| | - Ji-Guo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China
| | - Qing-Jiang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang W, Zhao Z, Lei Y. Flame retardant and smoke-suppressant rigid polyurethane foam based on sodium alginate and aluminum diethylphosphite. Des Monomers Polym 2021; 24:46-52. [PMID: 33551667 PMCID: PMC7850414 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2021.1879451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the flame-retardant effect and thermal behaviour of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF), the flame retardancy of sodium alginate (SA), aluminium diethyl phosphite (ADPO2) and expandable graphite (EG) were proposed. First, the structures of RPUF with or without flame retardancy were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the combustion behaviours and thermal performance of the flame-retardant polyurethane were evaluated through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests, and UL-94 tests. Finally, the cone calorimeter results reveled the RPUF/5ADPO2/7.5SA/7.5EG exhibit excellent thermodynamic properties. The results of the heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), total smoke production (TSP), and smoke production rate (SPR) could demonstrate the smoke-suppressant and flame-retardant of polyurethane. The system of RPUF/ADPO2/SA/EG showed excellent flame-retardant in polyurethane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of safety engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zidong Zhao
- Department of Mining Engineering and Metallurgical Engineering, Western Australian School of Mines, Curtin University, Kalgoorlie Australia
| | - Yun Lei
- Department of gas research, Shenyang Research Institute, China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Corp, Fushun, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Safety Technology, Fushun, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu K, Dong W, Pan Y, Cao J, Zhang Y, Long D. Lightweight and Flexible Phenolic Aerogels with Three-Dimensional Foam Reinforcement for Acoustic and Thermal Insulation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kede Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yankai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Junxiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yayun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Donghui Long
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ülkü G, Köken N, Akar A, Kızılcan N, Yaman D. Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) microcapsules for the preparation of flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1850781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Görkem Ülkü
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science Engineering and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Köken
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science Engineering and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Akar
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilgün Kızılcan
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science Engineering and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilşah Yaman
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science Engineering and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
|
12
|
Zhou W, Hao SJ, Feng GD, Jia PY, Ren XL, Zhang M, Zhou YH. Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Modified by Tung Oil-Based Polyol and Flame-Retardant Particles. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E119. [PMID: 31948034 PMCID: PMC7023429 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tung oil is renewable, with an abundant production and low price in China, and it is used to synthesize different polyols for rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF), it remains a challenge to improve the properties of RPUF by redesigning the formula. Therefore, we propose four novel compounds to strengthen the properties of RPUF, such as the catalyst-free synthesis of tung oil-based polyol (PTOK), aluminum phosphate micro-capsule (AM), silica micro-capsule (SiM), and grafted epoxidized monoglyceride of tung oil on the surface of SiO2 (SiE), which were designed and introduced into the RPUF. Because of the PTOK with a catalytic function, the foaming process of some RPUF samples was catalyst-free. The results show that the incorporation of AM, SiM, and SiE, respectively, endow RPUF with a better thermal stability at a high temperature, and the T5%, Tmax1, and Tmax2 of RPUF appeared to be reduced, however, the Tmax3 and residue rate at 800 °C were improved, which may have a positive effect on the extension of the rescue time in case of fire, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was increased to 22.6%. The formula, containing 25% PTOK made the RPUF environment-friendly. The results were obtained by comparing the pore size and mechanical properties of the RPUF-the AM had a better dispersion in the foam, and the foam obtained a better mechanical, thermal, and flame retardancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China; (W.Z.); (Y.-H.Z.)
| | - Shu-Jie Hao
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China; (W.Z.); (Y.-H.Z.)
| | - Guo-Dong Feng
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Pu-You Jia
- Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Materials, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xiao-Li Ren
- Key Lab of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China; (W.Z.); (Y.-H.Z.)
| | - Yong-Hong Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China; (W.Z.); (Y.-H.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li TT, Xing M, Wang H, Huang SY, Fu C, Lou CW, Lin JH. Nitrogen/phosphorus synergistic flame retardant-filled flexible polyurethane foams: microstructure, compressive stress, sound absorption, and combustion resistance. RSC Adv 2019; 9:21192-21201. [PMID: 35521335 PMCID: PMC9066015 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02332a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with a rigid polyurethane foam, a flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) has more diversified applications including filtration, sound absorption, vibration-proofing, decoration, packaging, and heat insulation. However, its most potential hazard is flammability. Therefore, in this study, we focused on improving its flame retardation and then tested its sound absorption with the addition of nitrogen/phosphorus synergistic flame retardants. The influence of phosphorus-based flame retardants (TCPP, TDCP, and V6) and a nitrogen/phosphorus synergistic flame retardant (melamine-TDCP) on its microstructure, compressive stress, sound absorption, thermal stability, and flame retardation was systematically explored. The presence of phosphorus flame retardants improved the sound absorption but considerably decreased the mechanical properties. The melamine-TDCP compound flame retardant delivered smaller cells and thus increased the compression property of the resulting foam. Moreover, with a higher content of melamine, the initial mass-loss temperature also increased. In particular, on using TDCP and 5 wt% of melamine as flame retardants, the compressive stress increased by 3.4 times, the average sound absorption coefficient was 0.45, and LOI reached 25.5, which met the requirements of industrial flame retardant/sound absorbent materials. This resultant flame retardant/sound absorbent flexible polyurethane foam can serve as a mattress and furniture pad material, vehicle seat cushion material, and liner for laminated composites in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Li
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin 300387 China +86-4-24510871 +86-4-2451-7250 (ext. 3405).,Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University Fuzhou 350108 China .,Tianjin and Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composite Materials, Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Mengfan Xing
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin 300387 China +86-4-24510871 +86-4-2451-7250 (ext. 3405)
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin 300387 China +86-4-24510871 +86-4-2451-7250 (ext. 3405)
| | - Shih-Yu Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University Fuzhou 350108 China .,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Ocean College, Minjiang University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Chengeng Fu
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin 300387 China +86-4-24510871 +86-4-2451-7250 (ext. 3405)
| | - Ching-Wen Lou
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin 300387 China +86-4-24510871 +86-4-2451-7250 (ext. 3405).,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Ocean College, Minjiang University Fuzhou 350108 China.,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University Taichung 41354 Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University Taichung 40402 Taiwan.,College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University Shandong 266071 China
| | - Jia-Horng Lin
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin 300387 China +86-4-24510871 +86-4-2451-7250 (ext. 3405).,Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University Fuzhou 350108 China .,Tianjin and Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composite Materials, Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin 300387 China.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Ocean College, Minjiang University Fuzhou 350108 China.,College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University Shandong 266071 China.,Laboratory of Fiber Application and Manufacturing, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University Taichung 40724 Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung 40402 Taiwan.,Department of Fashion Design, Asia University Taichung 41354 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|