1
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Buinova Y, Kobyliukh A, Mamunya Y, Maruzhenko O, Korab M, Trzebicka B, Szeluga U, Godzierz M. Heating and Strain Sensing Elements Based on Segregated Polyethylene/Carbon Black Composites in Polymer Welded Joints. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3776. [PMID: 39124440 PMCID: PMC11312915 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The development of easy and direct real-time monitoring of welded joint quality instead of surface damage analysis is crucial to improve the quality of industrial products. This work presents the results of high-density polyethylene (HDPE)-based composites with various carbon black (CB) content (from 20 to 30 vol.%) for use as a heating element and strain sensor in electrofusion-welded polymer joints. The pyroresistive heating process was used to determine the effect of generated Joule heat during welding on the structure and sensor properties of polymer-carbon composites. It is shown that the generation of Joule heat depends on the nanocarbon content and affects the crystallinity of the polymer matrix. The partial disruption of the conductive path of carbon black particles was observed and, as a result, a decrease in electrical conductivity for composites with lower CB content after welding was found. For the highest CB amount, conductivity increased, which is caused by smaller particle-to-particle distance for filler paths. Therefore, the best balance between pyroresistive and sensor properties was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevheniia Buinova
- Center of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (Y.B.); (A.K.); (U.S.)
- E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 11. Kazymyr Malevych St., 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine; (Y.M.); (O.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Anastasiia Kobyliukh
- Center of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (Y.B.); (A.K.); (U.S.)
| | - Yevgen Mamunya
- E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 11. Kazymyr Malevych St., 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine; (Y.M.); (O.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Oleksii Maruzhenko
- E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 11. Kazymyr Malevych St., 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine; (Y.M.); (O.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Mykola Korab
- E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 11. Kazymyr Malevych St., 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine; (Y.M.); (O.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Center of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (Y.B.); (A.K.); (U.S.)
| | - Urszula Szeluga
- Center of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (Y.B.); (A.K.); (U.S.)
| | - Marcin Godzierz
- Center of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej St., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (Y.B.); (A.K.); (U.S.)
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2
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Du C, Zhang Y, Lin J, Fan G, Zhou C, Yu Y. Flexible Positive Temperature Coefficient Composites (PVAc/EVA/GP-CNF) with Room Temperature Curie Point. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2028. [PMID: 39065344 PMCID: PMC11280720 DOI: 10.3390/polym16142028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymeric positive temperature coefficient (PTC) materials with low switching temperature points are crucial for numerous electronic devices, which typically function within the room temperature range (0-40 °C). Ideal polymeric PTC materials for flexible electronic thermal control should possess a room-temperature switching temperature, low room-temperature resistivity, exceptional mechanical flexibility, and adaptive thermal control properties. In this study, a novel PTC material with a room-temperature switching temperature and superb mechanical properties has been designed. A blend of a semi-crystalline polymer EVA with a low melting temperature (Tm) and an amorphous polymer (PVAc) with a low glass transition temperature (Tg) was prepared. Low-cost graphite was chosen as the conductive filler, while CNF was incorporated as a hybrid filler to enhance the material's heating stability. PVAc0.4/EVA0.6/GP-3wt.% CNF exhibited the lowest room temperature resistivity, and its PTC strength (1.1) was comparable to that without CNF addition, with a Curie temperature of 29.4 °C. Room temperature Joule heating tests revealed that PVAc0.4/EVA0.6/GP-3wt.% CNF achieved an equilibrium temperature of approximately 42 °C at 25 V, with a heating power of 3.04 W and a power density of 3.04 W/cm2. The Young's modulus of PVAc0.4/EVA0.6/GP-3wt.% CNF was 9.24 MPa, and the toughness value was 1.68 MJ/m3, indicating that the elasticity and toughness of the composites were enhanced after mixing the fillers, and the mechanical properties of the composites were improved by blending graphite with CNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Du
- Union Hospital Tongji Medical College and School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Nanocomposites and Applications, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450061, China
| | - Jiangmin Lin
- Union Hospital Tongji Medical College and School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guotao Fan
- Union Hospital Tongji Medical College and School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Can Zhou
- Union Hospital Tongji Medical College and School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Union Hospital Tongji Medical College and School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Georgopoulou A, Diethelm P, Wagner M, Spolenak R, Clemens F. Soft Self-Regulating Heating Elements for Thermoplastic Elastomer-Based Electronic Skin Applications. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2024; 11:e828-e838. [PMID: 38689932 PMCID: PMC11057689 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Resistive heating elements can be of particular interest for many applications, such as e-skin. In this study, soft heating elements were developed by combining thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with carbon black. In contrast to previous studies on thermoplastic polymer-based thermistors, the heating elements could endure elongations above 100%. Due to the high melting point of the TPU and the carbon filler, the thermistors could be heated up to 180°C without significant deformation. The heating elements were extruded on TPU substrates using material extrusion additive manufacturing in one-step process. Self-regulating behavior to control the maximum temperature was achieved with the application of two different voltages (20 and 25 V) and different current thresholds, between 100 and 800 mA. The heating performance was adjusted by changing the geometry of the sensing elements; an increase in cross section resulted in a lower current density and lower temperature. For the heating elements, variation of the additive manufacturing parameters such as offset, layer height, nozzle speed, and extrusion multiplier resulted in a different width/height aspect ratio of the cross section of the extruded lines, affecting the initial resistivity of the thermistor. Orientation of the carbon filler during extrusion process is one reason for the small change of the longitudinal conductivity of the heating elements. The resulting skin with the integrated heating elements allowed the possibility to perform the in situ heating for the localized healing of structural damage, while maintaining the softness required for the application of soft robotic electronic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Georgopoulou
- Department of Functional Materials, Empa–Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Brubotics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascal Diethelm
- Department of Functional Materials, Empa–Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marius Wagner
- Laboratory for Nanometallurgy, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Spolenak
- Laboratory for Nanometallurgy, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Clemens
- Department of Functional Materials, Empa–Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Yao X, Wang Y, Thorn TDS, Huo S, Papageorgiou DG, Liu Y, Bilotti E, Zhang H. Tailored Out-of-Oven Energy Efficient Manufacturing of High-Performance Composites with Two-Stage Self-Regulating Heating via a Double Positive Temperature Coefficient Effect. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:56265-56274. [PMID: 37988581 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The needs for sustainable development and energy efficient manufacturing are crucial in the development of future composite materials. Out-of-oven (OoO) curing of fiber-reinforced composites based on smart conductive polymers reduces energy consumption and self-regulates the heating temperature with enhanced safety in manufacturing, presenting an excellent example of such energy efficient approaches. However, achieving the desired curing processes, especially for high-performance systems where two-stage curing is often required, remains a great challenge. In this study, a ternary system consisting of graphene nanoplatelets/HDPE/PVDF was developed, with a double positive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect achieved to fulfill stable self-regulating heating at two temperatures (120 and 150 °C). Systematic studies on both single and double PTC effects were performed, with morphological analysis to understand their pyroresistive behaviors. Compared to the oven curing process, up to 97% reduction in the energy consumption was achieved by the ternary system, while comparable thermal and mechanical properties were obtained in the carbon fiber/epoxy laminates. This work presents a new route to achieve OoO curing with two-stage self-regulating heating, which can be utilized in many high-performance composite applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudan Yao
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
- School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yushen Wang
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Thomas D S Thorn
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Shanshan Huo
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Dimitrios G Papageorgiou
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Emiliano Bilotti
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
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5
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Mamunya Y, Maruzhenko O, Kolisnyk R, Iurzhenko M, Pylypenko A, Masiuchok O, Godzierz M, Krivtsun I, Trzebicka B, Pruvost S. Pyroresistive Properties of Composites Based on HDPE and Carbon Fillers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092105. [PMID: 37177251 PMCID: PMC10180648 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrothermal processes were studied in pyroresistive composites based on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) containing 8 vol.% carbon black (CB), 8 vol.% carbon fibers (CF), and their mixture 4 vol.% CB + 4 vol.% CF. It is shown that the kinetic heating curves of composites are well described by an exponential dependence with a certain heating rate constant k for each type of composite. After a short heating time, the equilibrium temperature Te is reached in the sample. When the applied voltage exceeds a certain value, the Te value decreases due to the presence of the positive temperature coefficient of resistance (PTC) effect. Due to the PTC effect, the composites exhibit a self-regulating effect relative to the Te. Relations between the applied voltage, electric power, and equilibrium temperature are found, the Te value depends on the applied voltage according to the quadratic law whereas there is a linear relationship between the Te and electric power. A possible application of such pyroresistive composites is resistance welding of plastics using a heating element (HE) made of a pyroresistive material. The use of HDPE-CB composite to create HE for resistance welding is demonstrated and the welded joint of HDPE parts obtained using HE is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevgen Mamunya
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Kharkovskoe Chaussee 48, 02160 Kyiv, Ukraine
- E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of NAS of Ukraine, Kazymyra Malevycha 11, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
- International Polish-Ukrainian Research Laboratory ADPOLCOM
| | - Oleksii Maruzhenko
- E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of NAS of Ukraine, Kazymyra Malevycha 11, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
- International Polish-Ukrainian Research Laboratory ADPOLCOM
| | - Roman Kolisnyk
- E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of NAS of Ukraine, Kazymyra Malevycha 11, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
- International Polish-Ukrainian Research Laboratory ADPOLCOM
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Union St SE 200, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Maksym Iurzhenko
- E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of NAS of Ukraine, Kazymyra Malevycha 11, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
- International Polish-Ukrainian Research Laboratory ADPOLCOM
| | - Andrii Pylypenko
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Kharkovskoe Chaussee 48, 02160 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olha Masiuchok
- E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of NAS of Ukraine, Kazymyra Malevycha 11, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
- International Polish-Ukrainian Research Laboratory ADPOLCOM
| | - Marcin Godzierz
- International Polish-Ukrainian Research Laboratory ADPOLCOM
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Igor Krivtsun
- E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of NAS of Ukraine, Kazymyra Malevycha 11, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Barbara Trzebicka
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Sébastien Pruvost
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CEDEX, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
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6
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Setnescu R, Lungulescu EM, Marinescu VE. Polymer Composites with Self-Regulating Temperature Behavior: Properties and Characterization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:157. [PMID: 36614495 PMCID: PMC9821334 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel conductive composite material with homogeneous binary polymer matrix of HDPE (HD) and LLDPE (LLD), mixed with conductive filler consisting of carbon black (CB) and graphite (Gr), was tested against a HDPE composite with a similar conductive filler. Even the concentration of the conductive filler was deliberately lower for (CB + Gr)/(LLD + HD), and the properties of this composite are comparable or better to those of (CB + Gr)/HD. The kinetic parameters of the ρ-T curves and from the DSC curves indicate that the resistivity peak is obtained when the polymer matrix is fully melted. When subjected to repeated thermal cycles, the composite (CB + Gr)/(LLD + HD) presented a better electrical behavior than composite CB + Gr)/HD, with an increase in resistivity (ρmax) values with the number of cycles, as well as less intense NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) effects, both for the crosslinked and thermoplastic samples. Radiation crosslinking led to increased ρmax values, as well as to inhibition of NTC effects in both cases, thus having a clear beneficial effect. Limitation effects of surface temperature and current intensity through the sample were observed at different voltages, enabling the use of these materials as self-regulating heating elements at various temperatures below the melting temperature. The procedure based on physical mixing of the components appears more efficient in imparting lower resistivity in solid state and high PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) effects to the composites. This effect is probably due to the concentration of the conductive particles at the surface of the polymer domains, which would facilitate the formation of the conductive paths. Further work is still necessary to optimize both the procedure of composite preparation and the properties of such materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Setnescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, 030138 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Valahia University of Târgoviște, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Târgoviște, Romania
| | - Eduard-Marius Lungulescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, 030138 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Virgil Emanuel Marinescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, 030138 Bucharest, Romania
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7
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Polymer positive temperature coefficient composites with room-temperature Curie point and superior flexibility for self-regulating heating devices. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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8
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Okutani C, Yokota T, Someya T. Ultrathin Fiber-Mesh Polymer Thermistors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202312. [PMID: 36057993 PMCID: PMC9596841 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible sensors enable on-skin and in-body health monitoring, which require flexible thermal protection circuits to prevent overheating and operate the devices safely. Here, ultrathin fiber-mesh polymer positive temperature coefficient (PTC) thermistors via electrospinning are developed. The fiber-type thermistors are composed of acrylate polymer and carbon nanofibers. The fibrous composite materials are coated with a parylene to form a core-sheath structure, which improves the repeatability of temperature characteristics. Approximately 5 µm thick fiber-type thermistors exhibit an increase in the resistance by three orders of magnitude within ≈2 °C and repeatable temperature characteristics for up to 400 cycles. The mesh structure enables the thermistor layer to be ultra-lightweight and transparent; the mesh-type thermistor operates with a fiber density of 16.5 µg cm-2 , whose fiber layer has a transmittance of more than 90% in the 400-800 nm region. By fabricating the mesh thermistor on a 1.4 µm thick substrate, the thermistor operates without degradation when wrapped around a 280 µm radius needle. Furthermore, the gas-permeable property is demonstrated by fabricating the fibrous thermistor on a mesh substrate. The proposed ultrathin mesh polymer PTC thermistors form the basis for on-skin and implantable devices that are equipped with overheat prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Okutani
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information SystemsThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringShinshu University4‐17‐1, WakasatoNagano CityNagano380‐8553Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information SystemsThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information SystemsThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
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9
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Effects of POE and Carbon Black on the PTC Performance and Flexibility of High-Density Polyethylene Composites. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/1124981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High-density polyethylene (HDPE)/carbon black (CB) is widely used in positive temperature coefficient (PTC) composites. In order to expand its applications to fields that need good flexibility, polyolefin elastomer (POE) was incorporated into HDPE/CB composites as a secondary thermoplastic elastomer phase to provide flexibility. The effects of POE and CB content on the PTC performance and flexibility were investigated. Micro morphology and crystallization behavior are closely related to PTC properties. SEM was conducted to reveal phase morphology and filler dispersion, and DSC was conducted to research crystallization behavior. The results show that the incorporation of 18 wt.% POE can decrease the percolation threshold of conductive carbon black from 22.5 wt.% to 16 wt.%. When the CB content is 30 wt.%, the room temperature resistivity gradually increases with the increasing content of POE because of the barrier effect of POE phase, and the PTC intensity is gradually enhanced. Meanwhile, the PTC switching temperature shifts down to a lower temperature. The incorporation of 18 wt.% POE significantly increases the elongation at break, reaching an ultrahigh value of 980 wt.%, which means great flexibility has been achieved in HDPE/POE/CB composites. This work provides a new method of fabricating PTC composites with balanced electrical and mechanical properties.
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10
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Kolisnyk R, Korab M, Iurzhenko M, Masiuchok O, Mamunya Y. Development of heating elements based on conductive polymer composites for electrofusion welding of plastics. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kolisnyk
- Plastics Welding Department E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the NAS of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Mykola Korab
- Plastics Welding Department E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the NAS of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Maksym Iurzhenko
- Plastics Welding Department E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the NAS of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Olha Masiuchok
- Plastics Welding Department E.O. Paton Electric Welding Institute of the NAS of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Yevgen Mamunya
- Polymer Composites Department Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the NAS of Ukraine Kyiv Ukraine
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11
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Vásquez‐Rendón M, Romero‐Sáez M, Mena J, Fuenzalida V, Berlanga I, Álvarez‐Láinez ML. Synergistic contribution on flame retardancy by charring production in high‐performance
PEI
/
PBT
/
PTFE
ternary blends: The role of
PTFE. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Vásquez‐Rendón
- Grupo Calidad, Metrología y Producción Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano Medellín Colombia
| | - Manuel Romero‐Sáez
- Grupo Calidad, Metrología y Producción Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano Medellín Colombia
| | - Jhorman Mena
- Grupo Calidad, Metrología y Producción Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano Medellín Colombia
| | - Victor Fuenzalida
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Isadora Berlanga
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
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12
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Zhao L, Xia W, Zhang P. Economical conductive graphite‐filled polymer composites via adjustable segregated structures: Construction, low percolation threshold, and positive temperature coefficient effect. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Wei Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest University Chongqing China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing Southwest University Chongqing China
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13
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Shi G, Cai X, Wang W, Wang G. Improving Resistance‐Temperature Characteristic of Polyethylene/Carbon Black Composites by Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene)‐Functionalized Multilayer Graphene. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangfa Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric MaterialsShanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical NanomaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 289 130 Meilong Rd. Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric MaterialsShanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical NanomaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 289 130 Meilong Rd. Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric MaterialsShanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical NanomaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 289 130 Meilong Rd. Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Gengchao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric MaterialsShanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical NanomaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 289 130 Meilong Rd. Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
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