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Xu T, Gao D, Yin H, Yang Q, Zhao J, Wang X, Niu H. Synthesis and Flame Retardant Behavior of Phosphorous- and Nitrogen-Containing Copolymer and Its Application in Polypropylene. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400376. [PMID: 39008820 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a 4-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane 1-oxide (PEPA)-functionalized acrylate monomer, PEPAA, is designed and utilized for the synthesis of macromolecular flame retardants poly(PEPAA-co-AM) with varying PEPAA/AM ratio through copolymerization with acrylamide (AM). The poly(PEPAA-co-AM) is then incorporated into polypropylene (PP) to prepare PP/poly(PEPAA-co-AM) composites. The flame retardant effect of poly(PEPAA-co-AM) on PP is investigated using cone calorimetric test (CCT), and compared with that of PEPAA homopolymer (P-PEPAA), AM homopolymer (PAM), and blends of P-PEPAA/PAM. The results demonstrate that, in comparison with P-PEPAA, PAM, and blends of P-PEPAA/PAM, the incorporation of poly(PEPAA-co-AM) significantly enhances the flame retardancy of PP. Notably, the best flame retardancy is achieved when the ratio of PEPAA/AM copolymerization in poly(PEPAA-co-AM) is 2/8. The morphology and composition of residual chars from combustion are analyzed using SEM-EDS while the residual graphitization degree is examined through Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, TG-FTIR-MS is utilized to investigate the pyrolysis products in gas phase during thermal decomposition of poly(PEPAA-co-AM). Based on these experimental results, a flame retardant mechanism for poly(PEPAA-co-AM) is proposed. The PP/poly(PEPAA-co-AM) composites not only retain the excellent processing properties of pure PP but also exhibit enhanced mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Dali Gao
- SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Hua Yin
- SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Qingquan Yang
- SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Hui Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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Hu F, Cheng B, Cong K, Li D, Zhang W, Qin Z, Yang R. Enhancing Char Formation and Flame Retardancy of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA)/Aluminum Hydroxide (ATH) Composites by Grafting Ladder Phenyl/Vinyl Polysilsesquioxane (PhVPOSS). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3312. [PMID: 37571206 PMCID: PMC10422530 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ladder phenyl/vinyl polysilsesquioxane (PhVPOSS) was used to improve the flame-retardancy performances of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)/aluminum hydroxide (ATH) composites due to the reactivity of its vinyl groups. FTIR, XPS, 1H NMR, and SEM-EDS data demonstrated the PhVPOSS grafting onto EVA molecular chains. The PhVPOSS improved the thermal stability of EVA/ATH composites, as shown by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, with the cone calorimeter (CONE) experiments, EVA/ATH/PhVPOSS showed better fire safety than the EVA/ATH composites, with the PHRR, PSPR, and PCOP reduced by 7.89%, 57.4%, and 90.9%, respectively. The mechanism investigations of flame retardancy revealed that the charring behaviors of the EVA/ATH/PhVPOSS composites were improved by the formation of Si-C bonds and Si-O bonds, and a more compact and denser char layer can contribute more to the barrier effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (F.H.)
- SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100013, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (F.H.)
| | - Kun Cong
- China Petroleum Engineering & Construction Corporation, Beijing 100120, China
| | - Dinghua Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (F.H.)
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (F.H.)
| | - Zhaolu Qin
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (F.H.)
| | - Rongjie Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (F.H.)
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Wu J, Zhang X, Qin Z, Zhang W, Yang R. Inorganic/organic phosphorus‐based flame retardants synergistic flame retardant rigid polyurethane foam. POLYM ENG SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiazi Wu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolu Qin
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjie Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing People's Republic of China
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High-performance biobased vinyl ester resin and its fiberglass-reinforced composite with high glass transition temperature (Tg), excellent flame retardancy and mechanical properties. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang X, Zhang W, Pan YT, Qian L, Qin Z, Zhang W. Synthesis and performance of intrinsically flame-retardant, low-smoke biobased vinyl ester resin. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Han X, Zhang X, Guo Y, Liu X, Zhao X, Zhou H, Zhang S, Zhao T. Synergistic Effects of Ladder and Cage Structured Phosphorus-Containing POSS with Tetrabutyl Titanate on Flame Retardancy of Vinyl Epoxy Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091363. [PMID: 33921920 PMCID: PMC8122454 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cage and ladder structured phosphorus-containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (DOPO-POSS) have been synthesized through the hydrolytic condensation of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)-vinyl triethoxysilane (VTES). The unique ladder and cage–ladder structured components in DOPO-POSS endowed it with good solubility in vinyl epoxy resin (VE), and it was used with tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) to construct a phosphorus-silicon-titanium synergy system for the flame retardation of VE. Thermal stabilities, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy of the resultant VE composites were investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), three-point bending tests, limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurement, and cone calorimetry. The experimental results showed that with the addition of only 4 wt% DOPO-POSS and 0.5 wt% TBT, the limiting oxygen index value (LOI) increased from 19.5 of pure VE to 24.2. With the addition of DOPO-POSS and TBT, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR), and total smoke production (TSP) were decreased significantly compared to VE-0. In addition, the VE composites showed improved thermal stabilities and mechanical properties comparable to that of the VE-0. The investigations on pyrolysis volatiles of cured VE further revealed that DOPO-POSS and TBT exerted flame retardant effects in gas phase. The results of char residue of the VE composites by SEM and XPS showed that TBT and DOPO-POSS can accelerate the char formation during the combustion, forming an interior char layer with the honeycomb cavity structure and dense exterior char layer, making the char strong with the formation of Si-O-Ti and Ti-O-P structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Xianyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
| | - Xiaojuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Heng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Songli Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (H.Z.); (S.Z.)
| | - Tong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-Tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (Y.G.); (X.L.); (T.Z.)
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