1
|
Apostolides D, Michael G, Patrickios CS, Notredame B, Zhang Y, Gohy JF, Prévost S, Gradzielski M, Jung FA, Papadakis CM. Dynamic Covalent Amphiphilic Polymer Conetworks Based on End-Linked Pluronic F108: Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation as Matrices for Gel Polymer Electrolytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16. [PMID: 38669089 PMCID: PMC11082838 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
We present the development of a platform of well-defined, dynamic covalent amphiphilic polymer conetworks (APCN) based on an α,ω-dibenzaldehyde end-functionalized linear amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(propylene glycol)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-b-PPG-b-PEG, Pluronic) copolymer end-linked with a triacylhydrazide oligo(ethylene glycol) triarmed star cross-linker. The developed APCNs were characterized in terms of their rheological (increase in the storage modulus by a factor of 2 with increase in temperature from 10 to 50 °C), self-healing, self-assembling, and mechanical properties and evaluated as a matrix for gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) in both the stretched and unstretched states. Our results show that water-loaded APCNs almost completely self-mend, self-organize at room temperature into a body-centered cubic structure with long-range order exhibiting an aggregation number of around 80, and display an exceptional room temperature stretchability of ∼2400%. Furthermore, ionic liquid-loaded APCNs could serve as gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs), displaying a substantial ion conductivity in the unstretched state, which was gradually reduced upon elongation up to a strain of 4, above which it gradually increased. Finally, it was found that recycled (dissolved and re-formed) ionic liquid-loaded APCNs could be reused as GPEs preserving 50-70% of their original ion conductivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - George Michael
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Costas S. Patrickios
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Benoît Notredame
- Institute
for Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio- and Soft Matter
(BSMA), Université Catholique de
Louvain (UCL), Place Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yinghui Zhang
- Institute
for Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio- and Soft Matter
(BSMA), Université Catholique de
Louvain (UCL), Place Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Gohy
- Institute
for Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Bio- and Soft Matter
(BSMA), Université Catholique de
Louvain (UCL), Place Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sylvain Prévost
- Institut
Max von Laue—Paul Langevin (ILL), 71, Avenue des Martyrs—CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski-Laboratorium
für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für
Chemie, Technische Universität, Straße des 17, Juni 124, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian A. Jung
- Soft Matter
Physics Group, Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christine M. Papadakis
- Soft Matter
Physics Group, Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mizutani Y, Watanabe T, Lopez CG, Ono T. Controlled mechanical properties of poly(ionic liquid)-based hydrophobic ion gels by the introduction of alumina nanoparticles with different shapes. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:1611-1619. [PMID: 38275008 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01626a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Ionic-liquid gels, also known as ion gels, have gained considerable attention due to their high ionic conductivity and CO2 absorption capacity. However, their low mechanical strength has hindered their practical applications. A potential solution to this challenge is the incorporation of particles, such as silica nanoparticles, TiO2 nanoparticles, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) into ion gels. Comparative studies on the effect of particles with different shapes are still in progress. This study investigated the effect of the shape of particles introduced into ion gels on their mechanical properties. Consequently, alumina/poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) double-network (DN) ion gels consisting of clustered alumina nanoparticles with various shapes (either spherical or rod-shaped) and a chemically crosslinked poly[1-ethyl-3-vinylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide] (PC2im-TFSI, PIL) network were prepared. The results revealed that the mechanical strengths of the alumina/PIL DN ion gels were superior to those of PIL single-network ion gels without particles. Notably, the fracture energies of the rod-shaped alumina/PIL DN ion gels were approximately 2.6 times higher than those of the spherical alumina/PIL DN ion gels. Cyclic tensile tests were performed, and the results indicate that the loading energy on the ion gel was dissipated through the fracture of the alumina network. TEM observation suggests that the variation in the mechanical strength depending on the shape can be attributed to differences in the aggregation structure of the alumina particles, thus indicating the possibility of tuning the mechanical strength of ion gels by altering not only particle kinds but its shape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Mizutani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Takaichi Watanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Carlos G Lopez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Tsutomu Ono
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Clarke BR, Tew GN. Network Constitutional Isomers. Macromolecules 2023; 56:8565-8573. [PMID: 38239340 PMCID: PMC10795480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Bottlebrush networks designed to be constitutional isomers of each other were synthesized for the first time. These network constitutional isomers (NCIs) have significantly different mechanical properties depending on their kinetic chain lengths (RK), which are controlled by the monomer-to-initiator ratio. Specifically, the low frequency moduli, yield behavior, elongation at break, and adhesive strength of these NCIs are different at the same cross-link densities. The NCI concept is extended to include RKs' dispersity through the choice of the catalyst. These NCIs highlight the impact of living polymerization chemistry on network formation. The use of living polymerization chemistry to synthesize new networks, including NCIs, is expected to significantly advance the development of next-generation materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R Clarke
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Gregory N Tew
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kopka B, Kost B, Pawlak A, Tomaszewska A, Krupa A, Basko M. Covalent segmented polymer networks composed of poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) and selected aliphatic polyesters: designing biocompatible amphiphilic materials containing degradable blocks. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6987-6999. [PMID: 37667566 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00948c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
To promote facile and efficient synthesis of segmented covalent networks, we developed a cross-linking process with reactive polymeric components in a system without catalysts or side products. To achieve the direct formation of amphiphilic networks, an addition reaction was performed between the polyesters containing carboxyl terminal groups with pendant groups distributed along poly(2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline) chains. Covalent cross-linking was achieved from predetermined amounts of components dissolved in DMSO at 140 °C. To tune the properties of the resulting networks, the composition and length of the polyester segments and the degree of cross-linking were changed in the feed. The chemical structure of the networks was characterized using Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection spectroscopy and 13C magic-angle spinning NMR. The swelling ability of the formed networks was investigated in aqueous and organic media. Moreover, mechanical properties were tested during uniaxial compression. The cytocompatibility of the scaffolds was confirmed by MTT assay. Through the results obtained, the first report describing the cross-linking of polyesters on hydrophilic PiPOx was provided to prepare new, biocompatible materials with tuneable properties that are promising for potential biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kopka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Bartłomiej Kost
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Pawlak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agata Tomaszewska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krupa
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Basko
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
We report the synthesis of novel poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PEG and PDMS, respectively) bottlebrush amphiphilic polymer co-networks (B-APCNs) with high gel fractions by a grafting-through ring-opening metathesis polymerization. By varying the volume fraction of PEG (ϕPEG), we alter the crystallinity of the networks, achieving complete suppression of PEG crystallinity at ϕPEG=0.35. Furthermore, we show that the crystallinity of these networks can be tuned to alter their moduli. Through dynamic mechanical analysis, we show that the storage and loss moduli of networks with completely suppressed crystallinity (ϕPEG=0.35) behave similarly to a PDMS homopolymer bottlebrush network. These bottlebrush networks represent an unexplored architecture for the field of amphiphilic polymer co-networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R. Clarke
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Gregory N. Tew
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Su E, Bayazit G, Ide S, Okay O. Butyl rubber-based interpenetrating polymer networks with side chain crystallinity: Self-healing and shape-memory polymers with tunable thermal and mechanical properties. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
7
|
Thermally Degradable Poly(n-butyl acrylate) Model Networks Prepared by PhotoATRP and Radical Trap-Assisted Atom Transfer Radical Coupling. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040713. [PMID: 35215627 PMCID: PMC8880605 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Model poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA) networks were prepared by photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (photoATRP), followed by curing of polymer stars via atom transfer radical coupling (ATRC) with a nitrosobenzene radical trap. The resulting nitroxyl radical installed thermally labile alkoxyamine functional groups at the junctions of the network. The alkoxyamine crosslinks of the network were degraded back to star-like products upon exposure to temperatures above 135 °C. Characterization of the degraded products via gel permeation chromatography (GPC) confirmed the inversion of polymer topology after thermal treatment.
Collapse
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyuan Wang
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Müller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August University, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wilhelm SA, Maricanov M, Brandt V, Katzenberg F, Tiller JC. Amphiphilic polymer conetworks with ideal and non-ideal swelling behavior demonstrated by small angle X-ray scattering. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
10
|
Ida S, Okuno T, Morimura M, Suzuki K, Takeshita H, Oyama M, Nakajima K, Kanaoka S. Structure–property correlation of crosslinked domain hydrogels exhibiting thermoresponsive mechanical toughening and hybridization with photoluminescent carbon dots. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00423b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A smart gel material exhibiting a simultaneous change in mechanical properties and photoluminescence is developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Ida
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| | - Takahiro Okuno
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| | - Miki Morimura
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Suzuki
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takeshita
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Oyama
- Industrial Research Center of Shiga Prefecture, 232 Kamitoyama, Ritto, Shiga 520-3004, Japan
| | - Keiji Nakajima
- Industrial Research Center of Shiga Prefecture, 232 Kamitoyama, Ritto, Shiga 520-3004, Japan
| | - Shokyoku Kanaoka
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Morimura M, Ida S, Oyama M, Takeshita H, Kanaoka S. Design of Hydrogels with Thermoresponsive Crosslinked Domain Structures via the Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly Process and Their Thermoresponsive Toughening in Air. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Morimura
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| | - Shohei Ida
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Oyama
- Industrial Research Center of Shiga Prefecture, 232 Kamitoyama, Ritto, Shiga 520-3004, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takeshita
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| | - Shokyoku Kanaoka
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Long T. Respecting differences. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Long
- Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pásztor S, Becsei B, Szarka G, Thomann Y, Thomann R, Mühlhaupt R, Iván B. The Scissors Effect in Action: The Fox-Flory Relationship between the Glass Transition Temperature of Crosslinked Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) and Mc in Nanophase Separated Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)- l-Polyisobutylene Conetworks. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4822. [PMID: 33126719 PMCID: PMC7663353 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The glass transition temperature (Tg) is one of the most important properties of polymeric materials. In order to reveal whether the scissors effect, i.e., the Fox-Flory relationship between Tg and the average molecular weight between crosslinking points (Mc), reported only in one case for polymer conetworks so far, is more generally effective or valid only for a single case, a series of poly(methyl methacrylate)-l-polyisobutylene (PMMA-l-PIB) conetworks was prepared and investigated. Two Tgs were found for the conetworks by DSC. Fox-Flory type dependence between Tg and Mc of the PMMA component (Tg = Tg,∞ - K/Mc) was observed. The K constants for the PMMA homopolymer and for the PMMA in the conetworks were the same in the margin of error. AFM images indicated disordered bicontinuous, mutually nanoconfined morphology with average domain sizes of 5-20 nm, but the correlation between Tg and domain sizes was not found. These new results indicate that the macrocrosslinkers act like molecular scissors (scissors effect), and the Tg of PMMA depend exclusively on the Mc in the conetworks. Consequently, these findings mean that the scissors effect is presumably a general phenomenon in nanophase-separated polymer conetworks, and this finding could be utilized in designing, processing, and applications of these novel materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Pásztor
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Bálint Becsei
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Györgyi Szarka
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Yi Thomann
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.T.); (R.T.); (R.M.)
| | - Ralf Thomann
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.T.); (R.T.); (R.M.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Mühlhaupt
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany; (Y.T.); (R.T.); (R.M.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Béla Iván
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (G.S.)
| |
Collapse
|