1
|
Chen P, Wang H, Su J, Tian Y, Wen S, Su B, Yang C, Chen B, Zhou K, Yan C, Shi Y. Recent Advances on High-Performance Polyaryletherketone Materials for Additive Manufacturing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200750. [PMID: 35385149 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyaryletherketone (PAEK) is emerging as an important high-performance polymer material in additive manufacturing (AM) benefiting from its excellent mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, and high-temperature stability. The distinct advantages of AM facilitate the rapid development of PAEK products with complex customized structures and functionalities, thereby enhancing their applications in various fields. Herein, the recent advances on AM of high-performance PAEKs are comprehensively reviewed, concerning the materials properties, AM processes, mechanical properties, and potential applications of additively manufactured PAEKs. To begin, an introduction to fundamentals of AM and PAEKs, as well as the advantages of AM of PAEKs is provided. Discussions are then presented on the material properties, AM processes, processing-matter coupling mechanism, thermal conductivity, crystallization characteristics, and microstructures of AM-processed PAEKs. Thereafter, the mechanical properties and anisotropy of additively manufactured PAEKs are discussed in depth. Their representative applications in biomedical, aerospace, electronics, and other fields are systematically presented. Finally, current challenges and possible solutions are discussed for the future development of high-performance AM polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Haoze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yujia Tian
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shifeng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Binling Chen
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Kun Zhou
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chunze Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dua R, Rashad Z, Spears J, Dunn G, Maxwell M. Applications of 3D-Printed PEEK via Fused Filament Fabrication: A Systematic Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4046. [PMID: 34833346 PMCID: PMC8619676 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is an organic polymer that has excellent mechanical, chemical properties and can be additively manufactured (3D-printed) with ease. The use of 3D-printed PEEK has been growing in many fields. This article systematically reviews the current status of 3D-printed PEEK that has been used in various areas, including medical, chemical, aerospace, and electronics. A search of the use of 3D-printed PEEK articles published until September 2021 in various fields was performed using various databases. After reviewing the articles, and those which matched the inclusion criteria set for this systematic review, we found that the printing of PEEK is mainly performed by fused filament fabrication (FFF) or fused deposition modeling (FDM) printers. Based on the results of this systematic review, it was concluded that PEEK is a versatile material, and 3D-printed PEEK is finding applications in numerous industries. However, most of the applications are still in the research phase. Still, given how the research on PEEK is progressing and its additive manufacturing, it will soon be commercialized for many applications in numerous industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Dua
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering & Technology, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA; (Z.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Zuri Rashad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering & Technology, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA; (Z.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Joy Spears
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering & Technology, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA; (Z.R.); (J.S.)
| | - Grace Dunn
- The Governor’s School for Science and Technology, Hampton, VA 23666, USA;
| | - Micaela Maxwell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Science, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Consul P, Beuerlein KU, Luzha G, Drechsler K. Effect of Extrusion Parameters on Short Fiber Alignment in Fused Filament Fabrication. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152443. [PMID: 34372046 PMCID: PMC8347408 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing by material extrusion such as the widespread fused filament fabrication is able to improve 3D printed part performance by using short fiber reinforced composite materials. Fiber alignment is critical for the exploitation of their reinforcing effect. This work investigates the influence extrusion parameters have on the fiber alignment by conducting set of experiments on the process parameters determining whether the flow under the nozzle is convergent or divergent. A strong impact of flow conditions during extrusion line shaping on the fiber alignment is observed and two extremes are tested which show a large difference in strength, stiffness and strain at break in tensile testing along the extrusion lines. From highest to lowest fiber alignment, strength is reduced by 41% and stiffness by 54%. Fiber misalignment also leads to inhomogeneous strain fields in the layers when tested perpendicular to the extrusion lines. It is demonstrated that material flow after the nozzle has a high impact on the material properties of short fiber reinforced 3D printed parts and needs to be considered in process design.
Collapse
|
4
|
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lowe
- Victrex, Hillhouse International Victrex Technology Centre Thornton‐Cleveleys UK
| | - Oana Ghita
- Centre for Additive Layer Manufacturing (CALM), College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, North Park Road University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - John G Hardy
- Department of Chemistry Lancaster University Lancaster UK
- Materials Science Institute Lancaster University Lancaster UK
| |
Collapse
|