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Asteray DB, Elsaigh WA. Waste Plastic to Roads - HDPE-modified Bitumen and PET Plastic Fibres for Road Maintenance in South Africa: A Review. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2024:734242X241263008. [PMID: 39069720 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x241263008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of the transformative potential of waste plastic in South Africa, with a specific focus on high-density polyethylene-modified bitumen and polyethylene terephthalate plastic fibres asphalt. The review encompasses a wide range of topics, including the environmental and socio-economic impacts of plastic waste, the current state of plastic waste management practices in South Africa, and the potential use of waste plastic in road construction. The aim is to critically evaluate the compatibility of recycled waste plastics as bitumen modifiers and fibre to enhance road performance. Additionally, it explores the challenges and opportunities associated with the incorporation of waste plastic in road construction, shedding light on the environmental, economic and technological aspects. The review also emphasizes the need for targeted interventions and collaborative efforts from the South African government and industry stakeholders to address plastic waste management challenges and promote sustainable infrastructure development. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the transformative potential of waste plastic in South African road maintenance and offers a roadmap for future research and initiatives in this critical area of sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demiss B Asteray
- Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering and Building Science, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Walied A Elsaigh
- Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering and Building Science, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Stejskal J, Ngwabebhoh FA, Trchová M, Prokeš J. Carbonized Leather Waste with Deposited Polypyrrole Nanotubes: Conductivity and Dye Adsorption. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2794. [PMID: 37887944 PMCID: PMC10609213 DOI: 10.3390/nano13202794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the conversion of a waste to a conducting material, exploiting the ability to adsorb pollutant organic dyes. Leather waste was carbonized at 800 °C in an inert nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting biochar was used for in-situ deposition of polypyrrole nanotubes produced by the oxidative polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of methyl orange. The composites of carbonized leather with deposited polypyrrole nanotubes of various composition were compared with similar composites based on globular polypyrrole. Their molecular structure was characterized by infrared and Raman spectra. Both conducting components formed a bicontinuous structure. The resistivity was newly determined by a four-point van der Pauw method and monitored as a function of pressure applied up to 10 MPa. The typical conductivity of composites was of the order of 0.1 to 1 S cm-1 and it was always higher for polypyrrole nanotubes than for globular polypyrrole. The method also allows for the assessment of mechanical features, such as powder fluffiness. The conductivity decreased by 1-2 orders of magnitude after treatment with ammonia but still maintained a level acceptable for applications operating under non-acidic conditions. The composites were tested for dye adsorption, specifically cationic methylene blue and anionic methyl orange, using UV-vis spectroscopy. The composites were designed for future use as functional adsorbents controlled by the electrical potential or organic electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Stejskal
- University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic;
| | | | - Miroslava Trchová
- Central Laboratories, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Prokeš
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic;
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Abd Karim SB, Norman S, Koting S, Simarani K, Loo SC, Mohd Rahim FA, Ibrahim MR, Md Yusoff NI, Nagor Mohamed AH. Plastic Roads in Asia: Current Implementations and Should It Be Considered? MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5515. [PMID: 37629806 PMCID: PMC10455915 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The rapid economic and industrial growth experienced in the Asian region has significantly increased waste production, particularly single-use plastic. This surge in waste poses a significant challenge for these countries' municipal solid waste management systems. Consequently, there is a pressing need for progressive and effective solutions to address the plastic waste issue. One promising initiative involves utilizing used plastic to produce components for asphalt pavement. The concept of plastic road technology has gained traction in Asia, with 32 countries displaying varying levels of interest, ranging from small-scale laboratory experiments to large-scale construction projects. However, as a relatively new technology, plastic road implementation requires continuous and comprehensive environmental and health risk assessments to ascertain its viability as a reliable green technology. This review paper presents the current findings and potential implementation of plastic-modified asphalt in Asian countries, with particular attention given to its environmental and human health impacts. While plastic asphalt roads hold promise in waste reduction, improved asphalt properties, and cost savings, it is imperative to thoroughly consider the environmental and health impacts, quality control measures, recycling limitations, and long-term performance of this road construction material. Further research and evaluation are needed to fully understand the viability and sustainability of plastic asphalt roads. This will enable a comprehensive assessment of its potential benefits and drawbacks, aiding in developing robust guidelines and standards for its implementation. By addressing these considerations, it will be possible to optimize the utilization of plastic waste in road construction and contribute to a greener and more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saipol Bari Abd Karim
- Department of Quantity Surveying, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.-C.L.); (F.A.M.R.)
| | - Syuhada Norman
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.N.); (K.S.)
| | - Suhana Koting
- Center for Transportation Research (CTR), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (M.R.I.); (A.H.N.M.)
| | - Khanom Simarani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.N.); (K.S.)
| | - Siaw-Chuing Loo
- Department of Quantity Surveying, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.-C.L.); (F.A.M.R.)
| | - Faizul Azli Mohd Rahim
- Department of Quantity Surveying, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (S.-C.L.); (F.A.M.R.)
| | - Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim
- Center for Transportation Research (CTR), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (M.R.I.); (A.H.N.M.)
| | - Nur Izzi Md Yusoff
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Abdul Halim Nagor Mohamed
- Center for Transportation Research (CTR), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (M.R.I.); (A.H.N.M.)
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Li H, Hao G, Zhou L, Wang S, Zhao G, Zhang Y, Temitope AA. Effect of different waste plastic modifiers on conventional asphalt performance: optimal preparation parameters determination and mechanism analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:89910-89926. [PMID: 37460879 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28559-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The typical treatment of waste plastics has become a global environmental problem. In light of recent developments, waste plastics used as asphalt modifiers offer an efficient approach to solve this problem. This paper studied the effects of three kinds of waste plastic-modified asphalts (WPMA), with polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) as their respective modifiers, on the conventional asphalt performance. Furthermore, an orthogonal experimental design (OED) was used to determine the preparation parameters of WPMA. Thereafter, thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to expound the mechanism of WPMA. It was then subsequently ascertained that the optimum preparation parameters of PP-modified asphalt (PPMA) and PE-modified asphalt (PEMA) were 170 °C, 3000 rpm, and 30 min, while the optimum preparation parameters of EVA-modified asphalt (EVAMA) were 180 °C, 3000 rpm, and 30 min. In addition, WPMA displayed better high-temperature performance and are inherently more suitable for pavement in high-temperature regions. Ultimately, this study will effectively solve the disposal of waste plastic and promote the research and application of WPMA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Li
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China.
| | - Gongxin Hao
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Lichang Zhou
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Sirui Wang
- Shaanxi Transportation Holding Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710064, China
| | - Guijuan Zhao
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yongfei Zhang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
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Carbonized Leather Waste: A Review and Conductivity Outlook. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15041028. [PMID: 36850311 PMCID: PMC9967325 DOI: 10.3390/polym15041028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The carbonization of collagen-based leather waste to nitrogen-containing carbon is reviewed with respect to the preparation, characterization of carbonized products, and applications proposed in the literature. The resulting nitrogen-containing carbons with fibrous morphology have been used as adsorbents in water pollution treatment, in electrocatalysis, and especially in electrodes of energy-storage devices, such as supercapacitors and batteries. Although electrical conductivity has been implicitly exploited in many cases, the quantitative determination of this parameter has been addressed in the literature only marginally. In this report, attention has been newly paid to the determination of conductivity and its dependence on carbonization temperature. The resulting powders cannot be compressed into pellets for routine conductivity determination. A new method has been used to follow the resistivity of powders as a function of pressure up to 10 MPa. The conductivity at this pressure increased from 9.4 × 10-8 S cm-1 for carbonization at 500 °C to 5.3 S cm-1 at 1000 °C. The conductivity of the last sample was comparable with conducting polymers such as polypyrrole. The carbonized leather thus has the potential to be used in applications requiring electrical conduction.
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Boom YJ, Enfrin M, Grist S, Giustozzi F. Analysis of possible carcinogenic compounds in recycled plastic modified asphalt. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159910. [PMID: 36336045 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of recycled plastics in asphalt mixtures is getting a growing interest, however, exposing recycled plastics to the high working temperatures of asphalt has posed health and safety concerns. Few studies have paid attention to assessing health and environmental risks concerning recycled plastic-modified asphalt. This study investigates the release of 6 carcinogenic compounds from asphalt modified with recycled plastics, 4 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and 2 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The concentration of each compound was quantified by GC-MS. Human health risk assessments were conducted using probabilistic methods to assess the risk for an average Australian construction worker to get non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health issues when exposed to conventional and plastic-modified asphalt fumes. Results showed that non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks related to VOC carcinogens (benzene, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene and styrene) are negligible while PAHs (benzo[a]pyrene and dibenz[a,h]anthracene) constitute a possible non-carcinogenic risk and low carcinogenic risk for workers exposed to asphalt fumes. Overall the incorporation of recycled plastic in asphalt reduced the risk for workers to get non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health issues compared to conventional asphalt mixes. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: With increasing trends of using recycled plastics as road materials, concerns about the exposure of workers to carcinogenic gaseous emissions have been raised. This study demonstrates a non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment on exposure to recycled plastic modified asphalt fumes. The findings suggest that recycled plastics decrease non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks compared to conventional asphalt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Jia Boom
- Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, 124 La Trobe St, VIC, 3001 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marie Enfrin
- Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, 124 La Trobe St, VIC, 3001 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen Grist
- Analytical Chemistry, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, 124 La Trobe St, VIC, 3001 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Filippo Giustozzi
- Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, 124 La Trobe St, VIC, 3001 Melbourne, Australia.
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Hardy JG, Stowell AF, Mumford CI, Piacentini MG, Cronin J, Hadley C, Hendry L, Skandalis A, Verma S, Saltalippi M. Special Issue: Enabling Research in Smart Sustainable Plastic Packaging. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John G. Hardy
- Department of Chemistry Lancaster University Lancaster Lancashire LA1 4YB UK
- Centre for Consumption Insights Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YX UK
- Materials Science Institute Lancaster University Lancaster Lancashire LA1 4YW UK
| | - Alison F. Stowell
- Department of Organisation, Work and Technology Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YX UK
- Centre for Consumption Insights Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YX UK
- Future Cities Research Institute Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YX UK
- Pentland Centre for Sustainability in Business Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YX UK
| | - Clare I. Mumford
- Department of Organisation, Work and Technology Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YX UK
- Centre for Consumption Insights Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YX UK
| | - Maria G. Piacentini
- Department of Marketing Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YX UK
- Centre for Consumption Insights Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YX UK
| | - James Cronin
- Department of Marketing Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YX UK
- Centre for Consumption Insights Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YX UK
| | - Charlotte Hadley
- Department of Marketing Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YX UK
- Centre for Consumption Insights Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YX UK
- Pentland Centre for Sustainability in Business Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YX UK
| | - Linda Hendry
- Department of Management Science, Lancaster University Management School Lancaster University LA1 4YX UK
- Centre for Consumption Insights Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YX UK
- Pentland Centre for Sustainability in Business Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YX UK
| | - Alexandros Skandalis
- Department of Marketing Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YX UK
- Centre for Consumption Insights Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YX UK
| | - Savita Verma
- Department of Management Science Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University LA1 4YX UK
- Pentland Centre for Sustainability in Business Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YX UK
| | - Matteo Saltalippi
- Department of Organisation, Work and Technology Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YX UK
- Centre for Consumption Insights Lancaster University Management School, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YX UK
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