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Assessing the composition of the plasma membrane of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and L. (L.) amazonensis using label-free proteomics. Exp Parasitol 2020; 218:107964. [PMID: 32822697 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania are causative agents of leishmaniasis, a wide range of diseases affecting 12 million people worldwide. The species L. infantum and L. amazonensis are etiologic agents of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively. Most proteome analyses of Leishmania have been carried out on whole-cell extracts, but such an approach tends to underrepresent membrane-associated proteins due to their high hydrophobicity and low solubility. Considering the relevance of this category of proteins in virulence, invasiveness and the host-parasite interface, this study applied label-free proteomics to assess the plasma membrane sub-proteome of L. infantum and L. amazonensis. The number of proteins identified in L. infantum and L. amazonensis promastigotes was 1168 and 1455, respectively. After rigorous data processing and mining, 157 proteins were classified as putative plasma membrane-associated proteins, of which 56 proteins were detected in both species, six proteins were detected only in L. infantum and 39 proteins were exclusive to L. amazonensis. The quantitative analysis revealed that two proteins were more abundant in L. infantum, including the glucose transporter 2, and five proteins were more abundant in L. amazonensis. The identified proteins associated with distinct processes and functions. In this regard, proteins of L. infantum were linked to metabolic processes whereas L. amazonensis proteins were involved in signal transduction. Moreover, transmembrane transport was a significant process among the group of proteins detected in both species and members of the superfamily of ABC transporters were highly represented. Interestingly, some proteins of this family were solely detected in L. amazonensis, such as ABCA9. GP63, a well-known virulence factor, was the only GPI-anchored protein identified in the membrane preparations of both species. Finally, we found several proteins with uncharacterized functions, including differentially abundant ones, highlighting a gap in the study of Leishmania proteins. Proteins characterization could provide a better biological understanding of these parasites and deliver new possibilities regarding the discovery of therapeutic targets, drug resistance and vaccine candidates.
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Shahin K, Thompson KD, Inglis NF, Mclean K, Ramirez-Paredes JG, Monaghan SJ, Hoare R, Fontaine M, Metselaar M, Adams A. Characterization of the outer membrane proteome of Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:686-699. [PMID: 29777634 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of the current study were to characterize the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (Fno) STIR-GUS-F2f7, and identify proteins recognized by sera from tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, (L) that survived experimental challenge with Fno. METHODS AND RESULTS The composition of the OMPs of a virulent strain of Fno (STIR-GUS-F2f7), isolated from diseased red Nile tilapia in the United Kingdom, was examined. The sarcosine-insoluble OMPs fraction was screened with tilapia hyperimmune sera by western blot analysis following separation of the proteins by 1D SDS-PAGE. Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was used to identify the various proteins present in the OMP profile. Two hundred and thirty-nine proteins were identified, of which 44 were found in the immunogenic band recognized by the tilapia hyperimmune serum. In silico analysis was performed to predict the function and location of the OMPs identified by MS. CONCLUSIONS Using a powerful proteomic-based approach in conjugation with western immunoblotting, proteins comprising the outer membrane fraction of Fno STIR-GUS-F2f7 were identified, catalogued and screened for immune recognition by tilapia sera. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The current study is the first report on the characterization of Fno-OMPs. The findings here provide preliminary data on bacterial surface proteins that exist in direct contact with the host's immune defences during infection and offer an insight into the pathogenesis of Fno.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shahin
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK.,Aquatic Animals Diseases Lab, Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Suez, Egypt
| | - K D Thompson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | - N F Inglis
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | - K Mclean
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | - J G Ramirez-Paredes
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - S J Monaghan
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - R Hoare
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - M Fontaine
- Benchmark Animal Health, Bush House, Edinburgh Technopole, Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - M Metselaar
- Benchmark Animal Health, Bush House, Edinburgh Technopole, Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - A Adams
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
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3
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Pavkova I, Kopeckova M, Klimentova J, Schmidt M, Sheshko V, Sobol M, Zakova J, Hozak P, Stulik J. The Multiple Localized Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Contributes to the Attenuation of the Francisella tularensis dsbA Deletion Mutant. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:503. [PMID: 29322032 PMCID: PMC5732180 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The DsbA homolog of Francisella tularensis was previously demonstrated to be required for intracellular replication and animal death. Disruption of the dsbA gene leads to a pleiotropic phenotype that could indirectly affect a number of different cellular pathways. To reveal the broad effects of DsbA, we compared fractions enriched in membrane proteins of the wild-type FSC200 strain with the dsbA deletion strain using a SILAC-based quantitative proteomic analysis. This analysis enabled identification of 63 proteins with significantly altered amounts in the dsbA mutant strain compared to the wild-type strain. These proteins comprise a quite heterogeneous group including hypothetical proteins, proteins associated with membrane structures, and potential secreted proteins. Many of them are known to be associated with F. tularensis virulence. Several proteins were selected for further studies focused on their potential role in tularemia's pathogenesis. Of them, only the gene encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme of glycolytic pathway, was found to be important for full virulence manifestations both in vivo and in vitro. We next created a viable mutant strain with deleted gapA gene and analyzed its phenotype. The gapA mutant is characterized by reduced virulence in mice, defective replication inside macrophages, and its ability to induce a protective immune response against systemic challenge with parental wild-type strain. We also demonstrate the multiple localization sites of this protein: In addition to within the cytosol, it was found on the cell surface, outside the cells, and in the culture medium. Recombinant GapA was successfully obtained, and it was shown that it binds host extracellular serum proteins like plasminogen, fibrinogen, and fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Pavkova
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Military Health Science, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Monika Kopeckova
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Military Health Science, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Jana Klimentova
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Military Health Science, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Monika Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Military Health Science, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Valeria Sheshko
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Military Health Science, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Margarita Sobol
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics ASCR v.v.i., Prague, Czechia
| | - Jitka Zakova
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Military Health Science, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | - Pavel Hozak
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics ASCR v.v.i., Prague, Czechia.,Microscopy Centre-LM & EM, Institute of Molecular Genetics ASCR v.v.i., Prague, Czechia.,Division BIOCEV, Laboratory of Epigenetics of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics ASCR v.v.i., Vestec, Czechia
| | - Jiri Stulik
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Military Health Science, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
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Kasap M, Karadenizli A, Akpınar G, Uzuner H, Ayimugu A, Karaosmanoğlu K, Er DK. Comparative Analysis of Proteome Patterns of Francisella tularensis Isolates from Patients and the Environment. Curr Microbiol 2016; 74:230-238. [PMID: 27990601 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia. Although major contributors and the main mechanism of the virulence are well known, some of the molecular details are still missing. Proteomics studies regarding F. tularensis have provided snapshot pictures of the organism grown under different culture conditions to understand the mechanism of virulence. In general, such studies were carried out with standard strains e.g., LVS and did not involve comparisons of F. tularensis isolates from either clinical or environmental sources. In this study, we performed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE)-based proteomic analysis and compared the protein profiles of the F. tularensis subsp. holarctica strains isolated from the clinical and the environmental samples. Regulations were detected in 14 spots when twofold regulation criteria were applied. The regulated protein spots were subjected to MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis and identified. Classification of the identified proteins based on metabolic functions revealed that the translation machinery was the most varying metabolic processes among the isolates. Using normalized protein spot intensities, PCA analysis was also performed. The results indicated that the strain isolated from water source was different then the strains isolated from the patients. Most interestingly, the isolates were strikingly distinguishable from the standard NCTC 10857 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kasap
- Medical Biology Department/DEKART Proteomics Laboratory, Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Umuttepe, Kocaeli, 41380, Turkey
| | - Aynur Karadenizli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Umuttepe, Kocaeli, 41380, Turkey.
| | - Gürler Akpınar
- Medical Biology Department/DEKART Proteomics Laboratory, Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Umuttepe, Kocaeli, 41380, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Uzuner
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Umuttepe, Kocaeli, 41380, Turkey
| | - Abula Ayimugu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kocaeli University Technology Faculty, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Kübra Karaosmanoğlu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kocaeli University Technology Faculty, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Doğanhan Kadir Er
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Umuttepe, Kocaeli, 41380, Turkey
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Rowe HM, Huntley JF. From the Outside-In: The Francisella tularensis Envelope and Virulence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:94. [PMID: 26779445 PMCID: PMC4688374 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is a highly-infectious bacterium that causes the rapid, and often lethal disease, tularemia. Many studies have been performed to identify and characterize the virulence factors that F. tularensis uses to infect a wide variety of hosts and host cell types, evade immune defenses, and induce severe disease and death. This review focuses on the virulence factors that are present in the F. tularensis envelope, including capsule, LPS, outer membrane, periplasm, inner membrane, secretion systems, and various molecules in each of aforementioned sub-compartments. Whereas, no single bacterial molecule or molecular complex single-handedly controls F. tularensis virulence, we review here how diverse bacterial systems work in conjunction to subvert the immune system, attach to and invade host cells, alter phagosome/lysosome maturation pathways, replicate in host cells without being detected, inhibit apoptosis, and induce host cell death for bacterial release and infection of adjacent cells. Given that the F. tularensis envelope is the outermost layer of the bacterium, we highlight herein how many of these molecules directly interact with the host to promote infection and disease. These and future envelope studies are important to advance our collective understanding of F. tularensis virulence mechanisms and offer targets for future vaccine development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Rowe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jason F Huntley
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, USA
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Proteomic analyses of membrane enriched proteins of Leishmania donovani Indian clinical isolate by mass spectrometry. Parasitol Int 2015; 64:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Chandler JC, Sutherland MD, Harton MR, Molins CR, Anderson RV, Heaslip DG, Bosio CM, Belisle JT. Francisella tularensis LVS surface and membrane proteins as targets of effective post-exposure immunization for tularemia. J Proteome Res 2014; 14:664-75. [PMID: 25494920 PMCID: PMC4324441 DOI: 10.1021/pr500628k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Francisella tularensis causes disease (tularemia)
in a large number of mammals, including man. We previously demonstrated
enhanced efficacy of conventional antibiotic therapy for tularemia
by postexposure passive transfer of immune sera developed against
a F. tularensis LVS membrane protein fraction (MPF).
However, the protein composition of this immunogenic fraction was
not defined. Proteomic approaches were applied to define the protein
composition and identify the immunogens of MPF. MPF consisted of at
least 299 proteins and 2-D Western blot analyses using sera from MPF-immunized
and F. tularensis LVS-vaccinated mice coupled to
liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry identified 24
immunoreactive protein spots containing 45 proteins. A reverse vaccinology
approach that applied labeling of F. tularensis LVS
surface proteins and bioinformatics was used to reduce the complexity
of potential target immunogens. Bioinformatics analyses of the immunoreactive
proteins reduced the number of immunogen targets to 32. Direct surface
labeling of F. tularensis LVS resulted in the identification
of 31 surface proteins. However, only 13 of these were reactive with
MPF and/or F. tularensis LVS immune sera. Collectively,
this use of orthogonal proteomic approaches reduced the complexity
of potential immunogens in MPF by 96% and allowed for prioritization
of target immunogens for antibody-based immunotherapies against tularemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Chandler
- Rocky Mountain Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University , Campus Delivery 0922, Fort Collins 80523, Colorado, United States
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8
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Pávková I, Brychta M, Strašková A, Schmidt M, Macela A, Stulík J. Comparative proteome profiling of host–pathogen interactions: insights into the adaptation mechanisms of Francisella tularensis in the host cell environment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:10103-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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A proteomic approach to investigate the differential antigenic profile of two Coxiella burnetii strains. J Proteomics 2011; 74:1150-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kumar A, Sisodia B, Misra P, Sundar S, Shasany AK, Dube A. Proteome mapping of overexpressed membrane-enriched and cytosolic proteins in sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) resistant clinical isolate of Leishmania donovani. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 70:609-17. [PMID: 20840452 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03716.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to identify differentially overexpressed membrane-enriched as well as cytosolic proteins in SAG sensitive and resistant clinical strains of L. donovani isolated from VL patients which are involved in the drug resistance mechanism. METHODS The proteins in the membrane-enriched as well as cytosolic fractions of drug-sensitive as well as drug-resistant clinical isolates were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and overexpressed identified protein spots of interest were excised and analysed using MALDI-TOF/TOF. RESULTS Six out of 12 overexpressed proteins were identified in the membrane-enriched fraction of the SAG resistant strain of L. donovani whereas 14 out of 18 spots were identified in the cytosolic fraction as compared with the SAG sensitive strain. The major proteins in the membrane-enriched fraction were ABC transporter, HSP-83, GPI protein transamidase, cysteine-leucine rich protein and 60S ribosomal protein L23a whereas in the cytosolic fraction proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), proteasome alpha 5 subunit, carboxypeptidase, HSP-70, enolase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, tubulin-beta chain have been identified. Most of these proteins have been reported as potential drug targets, except 60S ribosomal protein L23a and PCNA which have not been reported to date for their possible involvement in drug resistance against VL. CONCLUSION This study for the first time provided a cumulative proteomic analysis of proteins overexpressed in drug resistant clinical isolates of L. donovani indicating their possible role in antimony resistance of the parasite. Identified proteins provide a vast field to be exploited for novel treatment strategies against VL such as cloning and overexpression of these targets to produce recombinant therapeutic/prophylactic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awanish Kumar
- Division of Parasitology, Central Drug Research Institute, Post Box no. 173,M.G. Road, Lucknow-226 001, India
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11
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Kilmury SLN, Twine SM. The francisella tularensis proteome and its recognition by antibodies. Front Microbiol 2011; 1:143. [PMID: 21687770 PMCID: PMC3109489 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2010.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of a spectrum of diseases collectively known as tularemia. The extreme virulence of the pathogen in humans, combined with the low infectious dose and the ease of dissemination by aerosol have led to concerns about its abuse as a bioweapon. Until recently, nothing was known about the virulence mechanisms and even now, there is still a relatively poor understanding of pathogen virulence. Completion of increasing numbers of Francisella genome sequences, combined with comparative genomics and proteomics studies, are contributing to the knowledge in this area. Tularemia may be treated with antibiotics, but there is currently no licensed vaccine. An attenuated strain, the Live Vaccine Strain (LVS) has been used to vaccinate military and at risk laboratory personnel, but safety concerns mean that it is unlikely to be licensed by the FDA for general use. Little is known about the protective immunity induced by vaccination with LVS, in humans or animal models. Immunoproteomics studies with sera from infected humans or vaccinated mouse strains, are being used in gel-based or proteome microarray approaches to give insight into the humoral immune response. In addition, these data have the potential to be exploited in the identification of new diagnostic or protective antigens, the design of next generation live vaccine strains, and the development of subunit vaccines. Herein, we briefly review the current knowledge from Francisella comparative proteomics studies and then focus upon the findings from immunoproteomics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L. N. Kilmury
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council CanadaOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Susan M. Twine
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council CanadaOttawa, ON, Canada
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Huntley JF, Robertson GT, Norgard MV. Method for the isolation of Francisella tularensis outer membranes. J Vis Exp 2010:2044. [PMID: 20613713 PMCID: PMC3156061 DOI: 10.3791/2044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is a Gram-negative intracellular coccobacillus and the causative agent of the zoonotic disease tularemia. When compared with other bacterial pathogens, the extremely low infectious dose (<10 CFU), rapid disease progression, and high morbidity and mortality rates suggest that the virulent strains of Francisella encode for novel virulence factors. Surface-exposed molecules, namely outer membrane proteins (OMPs), have been shown to promote bacterial host cell binding, entry, intracellular survival, virulence and immune evasion. The relevance for studying OMPs is further underscored by the fact that they can serve as protective vaccines against a number of bacterial diseases. Whereas OMPs can be extracted from gram-negative bacteria through bulk membrane extraction techniques, including sonication of cells followed by centrifugation and/or detergent extraction, these preparations are often contaminated with periplasmic and/or cytoplasmic (inner) membrane (IM) contaminants. For years, the "gold standard" method for the biochemical and biophysical separation of gram-negative IM and outer membranes (OM) has been to subject bacteria to spheroplasting and osmotic lysis, followed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Once layered on a sucrose gradient, OMs can be separated from IMs based on the differences in buoyant densities, believed to be predicated largely on the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the OM. Here, we describe a rigorous and optimized method to extract, enrich, and isolate F. tularensis outer membranes and their associated OMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason F Huntley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA
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Ayalew S, Confer AW, Hartson SD, Shrestha B. Immunoproteomic analyses of outer membrane proteins of Mannheimia haemolytica and identification of potential vaccine candidates. Proteomics 2010; 10:2151-64. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Demirev PA, Fenselau C. Mass spectrometry in biodefense. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2008; 43:1441-57. [PMID: 18720458 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Potential agents for biological attacks include both microorganisms and toxins. In mass spectrometry (MS), rapid identification of potential bioagents is achieved by detecting the masses of unique biomarkers, correlated to each agent. Currently, proteins are the most reliable biomarkers for detection and characterization of both microorganisms and toxins, and MS-based proteomics is particularly well suited for biodefense applications. Confident identification of an organism can be achieved by top-down proteomics following identification of individual protein biomarkers from their tandem mass spectra. In bottom-up proteomics, rapid digestion of intact protein biomarkers is again followed by MS/MS to provide unambiguous bioagent identification and characterization. Bioinformatics obviates the need for culturing and rigorous control of experimental variables to create and use MS fingerprint libraries for various classes of bioweapons. For specific applications, MS methods, instruments and algorithms have also been developed for identification based on biomarkers other than proteins and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plamen A Demirev
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723, USA.
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15
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Liu GY, Nie P, Zhang J, Li N. Proteomic analysis of the sarcosine-insoluble outer membrane fraction of Flavobacterium columnare. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2008; 31:269-276. [PMID: 18353018 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2007.00898.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of bacteria are key molecules interacting with the host environment. Flavobacterium columnare, a pathogen-causing columnaris disease of fish worldwide, was studied in order to understand the composition of its OMPs. The sarcosine-insoluble membrane fraction of the OMPs was analysed using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in combination with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC MS/MS). Thirty-six proteins were identified, including proteins involved in cell wall/membrane biogenesis, specific transport of various nutrients and in essential metabolism. The present study is the first report on the OMPs of F. columnare, and may serve as the basis for understanding the pathogenesis of the bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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16
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Maier TM, Casey MS, Becker RH, Dorsey CW, Glass EM, Maltsev N, Zahrt TC, Frank DW. Identification of Francisella tularensis Himar1-based transposon mutants defective for replication in macrophages. Infect Immun 2007; 75:5376-89. [PMID: 17682043 PMCID: PMC2168294 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00238-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis, the etiologic agent of tularemia in humans, is a potential biological threat due to its low infectious dose and multiple routes of entry. F. tularensis replicates within several cell types, eventually causing cell death by inducing apoptosis. In this study, a modified Himar1 transposon (HimarFT) was used to mutagenize F. tularensis LVS. Approximately 7,000 Km(r) clones were screened using J774A.1 macrophages for reduction in cytopathogenicity based on retention of the cell monolayer. A total of 441 candidates with significant host cell retention compared to the parent were identified following screening in a high-throughput format. Retesting at a defined multiplicity of infection followed by in vitro growth analyses resulted in identification of approximately 70 candidates representing 26 unique loci involved in macrophage replication and/or cytotoxicity. Mutants carrying insertions in seven hypothetical genes were screened in a mouse model of infection, and all strains tested appeared to be attenuated, which validated the initial in vitro results obtained with cultured macrophages. Complementation and reverse transcription-PCR experiments suggested that the expression of genes adjacent to the HimarFT insertion may be affected depending on the orientation of the constitutive groEL promoter region used to ensure transcription of the selective marker in the transposon. A hypothetical gene, FTL_0706, postulated to be important for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, was confirmed to be a gene involved in O-antigen expression in F. tularensis LVS and Schu S4. These and other studies demonstrate that therapeutic targets, vaccine candidates, or virulence-related genes may be discovered utilizing classical genetic approaches in Francisella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara M Maier
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Janovská S, Pávková I, Reichelová M, Hubáleka M, Stulík J, Macela A. Proteomic analysis of antibody response in a case of laboratory-acquired infection with Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2007; 52:194-8. [PMID: 17575919 DOI: 10.1007/bf02932159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Immunoproteomic analysis was applied to study the immunoreactivity of serum samples collected at different time points from a laboratory assistant accidentally infected with highly virulent strain of Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis. Immunoblotting showed that the spectrum of F. tularensis antigens recognized specifically by immune sera remained with the exception for 1 antigen stable for up to 16 years after infection. Using immunoproteomics approach 10 immunoreactive antigens were successfully identified. Several new immunogenic F. tularensis proteins were described for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Janovská
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, 500 01 Hradec Králové Czechia Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia.
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18
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Chung JW, Ng-Thow-Hing C, Budman LI, Gibbs BF, Nash JHE, Jacques M, Coulton JW. Outer membrane proteome ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: LC-MS/MS analyses validatein silico predictions. Proteomics 2007; 7:1854-65. [PMID: 17476711 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae causes porcine pneumonia, a highly infectious respiratory disease that contributes to major economic losses in the swine industry. Outer membrane (OM) proteins play key roles in infection and may be targets for drug and vaccine research. Exploiting the genome sequence of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5b, we scanned in silico for proteins predicted to be localized at the cell surface. Five genome scanning programs (Proteome Analyst, PSORT-b, BOMP, Lipo, and LipoP) were run to construct a consensus prediction list of 93 OM proteins in A. pleuropneumoniae. An inventory of predicted OM proteins was complemented by proteomic analyses utilizing gel- and solution-based methods, both coupled to LC-MS/MS. Different protocols were explored to enrich for OM proteins; the most rewarding required sucrose gradient centrifugation followed by membrane washes with sodium bromide and sodium carbonate. This protocol facilitated our identification of 47 OM proteins that represent 50% of the predicted OM proteome, most of which have not been characterized. Our study establishes the first OM proteome of A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Huntley JF, Conley PG, Hagman KE, Norgard MV. Characterization of Francisella tularensis outer membrane proteins. J Bacteriol 2006; 189:561-74. [PMID: 17114266 PMCID: PMC1797401 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01505-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative coccobacillus that is capable of causing severe, fatal disease in a number of mammalian species, including humans. Little is known about the proteins that are surface exposed on the outer membrane (OM) of F. tularensis, yet identification of such proteins is potentially fundamental to understanding the initial infection process, intracellular survival, virulence, immune evasion and, ultimately, vaccine development. To facilitate the identification of putative F. tularensis outer membrane proteins (OMPs), the genomes of both the type A strain (Schu S4) and type B strain (LVS) were subjected to six bioinformatic analyses for OMP signatures. Compilation of the bioinformatic predictions highlighted 16 putative OMPs, which were cloned and expressed for the generation of polyclonal antisera. Total membranes were extracted from both Schu S4 and LVS by spheroplasting and osmotic lysis, followed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, which separated OMs from cytoplasmic (inner) membrane and other cellular compartments. Validation of OM separation and enrichment was confirmed by probing sucrose gradient fractions with antibodies to putative OMPs and inner membrane proteins. F. tularensis OMs typically migrated in sucrose gradients between densities of 1.17 and 1.20 g/ml, which differed from densities typically observed for other gram-negative bacteria (1.21 to 1.24 g/ml). Finally, the identities of immunogenic proteins were determined by separation on two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometric analysis. This is the first report of a direct method for F. tularensis OM isolation that, in combination with computational predictions, offers a more comprehensive approach for the characterization of F. tularensis OMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason F Huntley
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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20
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Huang CZ, Lin XM, Wu LN, Zhang DF, Liu D, Wang SY, Peng XX. Systematic Identification of the Subproteome of Escherichia coli Cell Envelope Reveals the Interaction Network of Membrane Proteins and Membrane-Associated Peripheral Proteins. J Proteome Res 2006; 5:3268-76. [PMID: 17137328 DOI: 10.1021/pr060257h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins of Gram-negative bacteria are key molecules that interface the cells with the environment. Despite recent proteomic identification of numerous oligomer proteins in the Escherichia coli cell envelope, the protein complex of E. coli membrane proteins and their peripherally associated proteins remain ill-defined. In the current study, we systematically analyze the subproteome of E. coli cell envelope enriched in sarcosine-insoluble fraction (SIF) and sarcosine-soluble fraction (SSF) by using proteomic methodologies. One hundred and four proteins out of 184 spots on 2D electrophoresis gels are identified, which includes 31 outer membrane proteins (OMPs). Importantly, our further proteomic studies reveal a number of previously unrecognized membrane-interacting protein complexes, such as the complex consisting of OmpW and fumarate reductase. This established complete proteomic profile of E. coli envelope also sheds new insight into the function(s) of E. coli outer envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Zhong Huang
- Center for Proteomics, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Pavkova I, Reichelova M, Larsson P, Hubalek M, Vackova J, Forsberg A, Stulik J. Comparative Proteome Analysis of Fractions Enriched for Membrane-Associated Proteins from Francisella tularensis Subsp. tularensis and F. tularensis Subsp. holarctica Strains. J Proteome Res 2006; 5:3125-34. [PMID: 17081064 DOI: 10.1021/pr0601887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The facultative intracellular pathogen Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of the serious infectious disease tularemia. Despite intensive research, the virulence factors and pathogenetic mechanisms remain largely unknown. To identify novel putative virulence factors, we carried out a comparative proteome analysis of fractions enriched for membrane-associated proteins isolated from the highly virulent subspecies tularensis strain SCHU S4 and three representatives of subspecies holarctica of different virulence including the live vaccine strain. We identified six proteins uniquely expressed and four proteins expressed at significantly higher levels by SCHU S4 compared to the ssp. holarctica strains. Four other protein spots represented mass and charge variants and seven spots were charge variants of proteins occurring in the ssp. holarctica strains. The genes encoding proteins of particular interest were examined by sequencing in order to confirm and explain the findings of the proteome analysis. Our studies suggest that the subspecies tularensis-specific proteins represent novel potential virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Pavkova
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
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22
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Twine SM, Petit MD, Shen H, Mykytczuk NCS, Kelly JF, Conlan JW. Immunoproteomic analysis of the murine antibody response to successful and failed immunization with live anti-Francisella vaccines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 346:999-1008. [PMID: 16781667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2006] [Accepted: 06/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Francisella tularensis subspecies tularensis is one of the most virulent of bacterial pathogens for humans. Protective immunity against the pathogen can be induced in humans and some, but not all, mouse strains by vaccination with live, but not killed, vaccines. In mice, this protection is mediated predominantly by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. This is thought to be the case too for humans. Nevertheless, it is possible that successful vaccination elicits antigen-specific antibodies that can serve as correlates of protection. To test this hypothesis we examined the repertoire of antibodies induced following successful immunization of BALB/c and CH3/HeN mice versus unsuccessful vaccination of C57BL/6 and DBA\2 mice with F. tularensis Live Vaccine Strain or following unsuccessful vaccination of BALB/c mice with highly related subspecies, F. novicida. The results showed that successful vaccination elicited antibodies to at least six proteins that were not recognized by antisera from vaccinated but unprotected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Twine
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ont., Canada K1A 0R6.
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Skultety L, Hernychova L, Toman R, Hubalek M, Slaba K, Zechovska J, Stofanikova V, Lenco J, Stulik J, Macela A. Coxiella burnetii Whole Cell Lysate Protein Identification by Mass Spectrometry and Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005; 1063:115-22. [PMID: 16481502 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1355.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The whole cell lysate of Coxiella burnetii strain RSA 493 was separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and more than 500 protein spots were found on silver-stained reference map. Spots from the gels were subjected to identification based on peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF). In order to identify additional proteins, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using electrospray and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization techniques was applied. The three independent approaches resulted in the identification of 197 open reading frames (ORFs). Fifty-two proteins were identified by PMF and at least with one of the MS/MS methods, 37 proteins with both MS/MS instruments, and 19 proteins with all three techniques applied. All predicted C. burnetii ORFs were compared with the Clusters of Orthologous Groups database. The data related to identified proteins were stored and indexed in a file that can be read and searched using Microsoft Access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovit Skultety
- Laboratory for Diagnosis and Prevention of Rickettsial and Chlamydial Infections, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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