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Goniewicz K, Khorram-Manesh A, Burkle FM. Empowering Communities in Geopolitical Crises: A Role for Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e90. [PMID: 38639109 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2024.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Khorram-Manesh
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Sweden
- Disaster Medicine Center, Gothenburg University, Sweden
- Gothenburg Emergency Medicine Research Group (GEMREG), Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Sweden
| | - Frederick M Burkle
- Global Fellow, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, DC, USA
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Fauci AS, Folkers GK. Pandemic Preparedness and Response: Lessons From COVID-19. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:422-425. [PMID: 37035891 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The global experience with COVID-19 holds important lessons for preparing for, and responding to, future emergences of pathogens with pandemic potential.
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Towse A, Chalkidou K, Firth I, Kettler H, Silverman R. How Should the World Pay for a Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Vaccine? Value Health 2021; 24:625-631. [PMID: 33933230 PMCID: PMC7892302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The potential health and economic value of a vaccine for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is self-evident given nearly 2 million deaths, "collateral" loss of life as other conditions go untreated, and massive economic damage. Results from the first licensed products are very encouraging; however, there are important reasons why we will likely need second and third generation vaccines. Dedicated incentives and funding focused explicitly on nurturing and advancing competing second and third generation vaccines are essential. This article proposes a collaborative, market-based financing mechanism for the world to incentivize and pay for the development of, and provide equitable access to, second and third generation COVID-19 vaccines. Specifically, we propose consideration of a Benefit-Based Advance Market Commitment (BBAMC). The BBAMC uses health technology assessment to determine value-based prices to guarantee overall market revenues, not revenue for any specific product or company. The poorest countries would not pay a value-based price but a discounted "tail-price." Innovators must agree to supply them at this tail price or to facilitate technology transfer to local licensees at low or zero cost to enable them to supply at this price. We expect these purchases to be paid for in full or large part by global donors. The BBAMC therefore sets prices in relation to value, protects intellectual property rights, encourages competition, and ensures all populations get access to vaccines, subject to agreed priority allocation rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Towse
- Office of Health Economics, London, England, UK.
| | - Kalipso Chalkidou
- Center for Global Development, London, England, UK; Imperial College, London, England, UK
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Baum F, Freeman T, Musolino C, Abramovitz M, De Ceukelaire W, Flavel J, Friel S, Giugliani C, Howden-Chapman P, Huong NT, London L, McKee M, Popay J, Serag H, Villar E. Explaining covid-19 performance: what factors might predict national responses? BMJ 2021; 372:n91. [PMID: 33509924 PMCID: PMC7842256 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Correspondence to: F Baum fran.baum@flinders.edu.au Fran Baum and colleagues discuss the factors that affected prediction of the success of national responses to covid-19 and will influence future pandemic preparedness
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Affiliation(s)
- Fran Baum
- Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Australia
| | - Toby Freeman
- Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Australia
| | - Connie Musolino
- Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Australia
| | - Mimi Abramovitz
- City University of New York, Silberman School of Social Work, USA
| | | | - Joanne Flavel
- Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Australia
| | - Sharon Friel
- Australian National University, Menzies Centre for Health Governance, School of Regulation and Global Governance (RegNet), Australia
| | - Camila Giugliani
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leslie London
- University of Cape Town, School of Public Health and Family, South Africa
| | - Martin McKee
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, ECOHOST, UK
| | - Jennie Popay
- Lancaster University Division of Health Research, Institute for Health Research, UK
| | - Hani Serag
- Lancaster University Division of Health Research, Institute for Health Research, UK
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Cohen JL, Dayan SH, Avram MM, Saltz R, Kilmer S, Maas CS, Schlessinger J. Aesthetic Office Disaster Preparedness and Response Plan. J Drugs Dermatol 2021; 20:10-16. [PMID: 33400419 DOI: 10.36849/jdd.5803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has served as a call-to-arms in preparing practices for the next disaster whether it is another infectious disease or a flood, hurricane, earthquake, a sustained power outage, or something else. A group of predominantly core aesthetic physicians discussed the various aspects of their office procedures that warrant consideration in a proactive approach to the next pandemic/disaster-related event. This guide does not set a standard of practice but contains recommendations that may avoid some of the "lessons learned" with the COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, the board-certified core aesthetic physicians classified these recommendations into four generalized areas: Practice Management; Supplies and Inventory; Office Staffing Considerations and Protocols; and Patient Management Strategies. Proactive strategies are provided in each of these categories that, if implemented, may alleviate the processes involved with an efficient office closure and reopening process including, in the case of COVID-19, methods to reduce the risk of transmission to doctors, staff, and patients. These strategies also include being prepared for emergency-related notifications of employees and patients; the acquisition of necessary equipment and supplies such as personal protective equipment; and the maintenance and accessibility of essential data and contact information for patients, vendors, financial advisors, and other pertinent entities.J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20(1):10-16. doi:10.36849/JDD.5803.
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Fader KA, Zhang J, Menetski JP, Thadhani RI, Antman EM, Friedman GS, Ramaiah SK, Vaidya VS. A Biomarker-Centric Approach to Drug Discovery and Development: Lessons Learned from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 376:12-20. [PMID: 33115823 PMCID: PMC11046728 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Faced with the health and economic consequences of the global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the biomedical community came together to identify, diagnose, prevent, and treat the novel disease at breathtaking speeds. The field advanced from a publicly available viral genome to a commercialized globally scalable diagnostic biomarker test in less than 2 months, and first-in-human dosing with vaccines and repurposed antivirals followed shortly thereafter. This unprecedented efficiency was driven by three key factors: 1) international multistakeholder collaborations, 2) widespread data sharing, and 3) flexible regulatory standards tailored to meet the urgency of the situation. Learning from the remarkable success achieved during this public health crisis, we are proposing a biomarker-centric approach throughout the drug development pipeline. Although all therapeutic areas would benefit from end-to-end biomarker science, efforts should be prioritized to areas with the greatest unmet medical needs, including neurodegenerative diseases, chronic lower respiratory diseases, metabolic disorders, and malignant neoplasms. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Faced with the unprecedented threat of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, the biomedical community collaborated to develop a globally scalable diagnostic biomarker (viral DNA) that catalyzed therapeutic development at breathtaking speeds. Learning from this remarkable efficiency, we propose a multistakeholder biomarker-centric approach to drug development across therapeutic areas with unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Fader
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.A.F., J.Z., G.S.F., S.K.R., V.S.V.); Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (J.P.M.); Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts (R.I.T.); and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.M.A.)
| | - Jiangwei Zhang
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.A.F., J.Z., G.S.F., S.K.R., V.S.V.); Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (J.P.M.); Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts (R.I.T.); and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.M.A.)
| | - Joseph P Menetski
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.A.F., J.Z., G.S.F., S.K.R., V.S.V.); Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (J.P.M.); Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts (R.I.T.); and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.M.A.)
| | - Ravi I Thadhani
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.A.F., J.Z., G.S.F., S.K.R., V.S.V.); Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (J.P.M.); Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts (R.I.T.); and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.M.A.)
| | - Elliott M Antman
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.A.F., J.Z., G.S.F., S.K.R., V.S.V.); Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (J.P.M.); Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts (R.I.T.); and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.M.A.)
| | - Gary S Friedman
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.A.F., J.Z., G.S.F., S.K.R., V.S.V.); Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (J.P.M.); Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts (R.I.T.); and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.M.A.)
| | - Shashi K Ramaiah
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.A.F., J.Z., G.S.F., S.K.R., V.S.V.); Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (J.P.M.); Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts (R.I.T.); and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.M.A.)
| | - Vishal S Vaidya
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.A.F., J.Z., G.S.F., S.K.R., V.S.V.); Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (J.P.M.); Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts (R.I.T.); and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.M.A.)
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Neely R, Haynes K, Miller G. Development of a Mobile Hospital for Disaster Relief. J Nurs Adm 2021; 51:33-37. [PMID: 33278199 DOI: 10.1097/nna.0000000000000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mobile supplemental hospitals were an important asset to community response in preparing for the recent pandemic. MED-1 is a Mobile Emergency Department that has adapted and evolved to the changing needs of communities in times of disaster and nondisaster. An overview of the asset (MED-1), the operations, and use is provided to demonstrate how mobile supplemental hospitals can effectively meet a range of healthcare needs. Innovative utilization of MED-1 has secured its future as an effective resource averaging 100 days of deployment per year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Neely
- Author Affiliations: Associate Vice President/Chief Nurse Executive (Ms Neely), Atrium Health; Manager of Operations (Ms Haynes); and Director of Clinical Services (Mr Miller), Mobile Medicine, Charlotte, North Carolina
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Fuster V, Turco JV. Pandemics and Clinical Practice: How History Can Inform Our Future. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 76:2682-2684. [PMID: 33139120 PMCID: PMC8632054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tin D, Hart A, Ciottone GR. The Case for an Australian Disaster Reserve Force. Am J Emerg Med 2020; 46:698-699. [PMID: 33153834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Tin
- Fellowship in Disaster Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alexander Hart
- Fellowship in Disaster Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory R Ciottone
- Fellowship in Disaster Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centre, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Repp KK, Hawes E, Rees KJ, Vorderstrasse B, Mohnkern S. Lessons Learned From an Epidemiologist-Led Countywide Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) in Oregon. J Public Health Manag Pract 2020; 25:472-478. [PMID: 31348162 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000000804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Conducting a large-scale Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) in a geographically and linguistically diverse county presents significant methodological challenges that require advance planning. PROGRAM The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has adapted methodology and provided a toolkit for a rapid needs assessment after a disaster. The assessment provides representative data of the sampling frame to help guide effective distribution of resources. IMPLEMENTATION This article describes methodological considerations and lessons learned from a CASPER exercise conducted by Washington County Public Health in June 2016 to assess community emergency preparedness. The CDC's CASPER toolkit provides detailed guidance for exercises in urban areas where city blocks are well defined with many single family homes. Converting the exercise to include rural areas with challenging geographical terrain, including accessing homes without public roads, required considerable adjustments in planning. Adequate preparations for vulnerable populations with English linguistic barriers required additional significant resources. Lessons learned are presented from the first countywide CASPER exercise in Oregon. EVALUATION Approximately 61% of interviews were completed, and 85% of volunteers reported they would participate in another CASPER exercise. Results from the emergency preparedness survey will be presented elsewhere. DISCUSSION This experience indicates the most important considerations for conducting a CASPER exercise are oversampling clusters, overrecruiting volunteers, anticipating the actual cost of staff time, and ensuring timely language services are available during the event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly K Repp
- Research, Analytics, Informatics and Data (RAID) Program (Drs Repp and Vorderstrasse and Mss Hawes and Rees) and Public Health Emergency Preparedness Program (Ms Mohnkern), Washington County Public Health, Hillsboro, Oregon
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11
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Chen X, Lu L, Shi J, Zhang X, Fan H, Fan B, Qu B, Lv Q, Hou S. Application and Prospect of a Mobile Hospital in Disaster Response. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020; 14:377-383. [PMID: 32317031 PMCID: PMC7251258 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2020.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Disasters such as an earthquake, a flood, and an epidemic usually lead to large numbers of casualties accompanied by disruption of the functioning of local medical institutions. A rapid response of medical assistance and support is required. Mobile hospitals have been deployed by national and international organizations at disaster situations in the past decades, which play an important role in saving casualties and alleviating the shortage of medical resources. In this paper, we briefly introduce the types and characteristics of mobile hospitals used by medical teams in disaster rescue, including the aspects of structural form, organizational form, and mobile transportation. We also review the practices of mobile hospitals in disaster response and summarize the problems and needs of mobile hospitals in disaster rescue. Finally, we propose the development direction of mobile hospitals, especially on the development of intelligence, rapid deployment capabilities, and modularization, which provide suggestions for further research and development of mobile hospitals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Chen
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Haojun Fan
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Qu
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Lv
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shike Hou
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin, China
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Cochereau I. La médecine par l’épreuve. J Fr Ophtalmol 2020; 43:377-378. [PMID: 32336553 PMCID: PMC7166026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Cochereau
- Fondation Rothschild, 25, rue Manin, 75019 Paris, France; Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France.
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Henneman A, Thornby KA, Rosario N, Latif J. Evaluation of pharmacy resident perceived impact of natural disaster on stress during pharmacy residency training. Curr Pharm Teach Learn 2020; 12:147-155. [PMID: 32147156 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Natural disasters present unique challenges for healthcare training programs. Limited literature has been published regarding the impact of natural disasters on pharmacy residency training. The objective of this study was to determine the degree of perceived impact natural disasters have on pharmacy resident stress and which factors contribute to any perceived change in stress. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted via a survey distributed to pharmacy residents whose program was located in an area potentially affected by natural disaster in the first six months of the 2017-2018 resident year. A modified Likert scale utilizing a 10-point scale was used to assess resident stress. Potential sources of stress were assessed via multiple-choice questions. The primary outcome was the degree of change in resident perceived stress compared to baseline during and after the natural disaster. RESULTS One hundred twenty-nine pharmacy residents completed the survey. Stress increased from baseline during the natural disaster and remained elevated after compared to baseline. Main sources of stress were increased residency workload, natural disaster preparation and recovery, and concerns regarding friends and family. Half of residents reported their residency program did not have an established natural disaster policy in place. CONCLUSIONS Improved planning and communication regarding workload expectations may minimize stress among residents balancing increased personal responsibilities during times of natural disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Henneman
- Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, 901 S. Flagler Dr., West Palm Beach, FL 33416, United States.
| | - Krisy-Ann Thornby
- Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, 901 S. Flagler Dr., West Palm Beach, FL 33416, United States.
| | - Natalie Rosario
- Texas A&M University, 1010 W Ave B, Kingsville, TX 78363, United States.
| | - Justine Latif
- Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, 901 S. Flagler Dr., West Palm Beach, FL 33416, United States.
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Abstract
Few viruses have shaped the course of human history more than influenza viruses. A century since the 1918-1919 Spanish influenza pandemic-the largest and deadliest influenza pandemic in recorded history-we have learned much about pandemic influenza and the origins of antigenic drift among influenza A viruses. Despite this knowledge, we remain largely underprepared for when the next major pandemic occurs.While emergency departments are likely to care for the first cases of pandemic influenza, intensive care units (ICUs) will certainly see the sickest and will likely have the most complex issues regarding resource allocation. Intensivists must therefore be prepared for the next pandemic influenza virus. Preparation requires multiple steps, including careful surveillance for new pandemics, a scalable response system to respond to surge capacity, vaccine production mechanisms, coordinated communication strategies, and stream-lined research plans for timely initiation during a pandemic. Conservative models of a large-scale influenza pandemic predict more than 170% utilization of ICU-level resources. When faced with pandemic influenza, ICUs must have a strategy for resource allocation as strain increases on the system.There are several current threats, including avian influenza A(H5N1) and A(H7N9) viruses. As humans continue to live in closer proximity to each other, travel more extensively, and interact with greater numbers of birds and livestock, the risk of emergence of the next pandemic influenza virus mounts. Now is the time to prepare and coordinate local, national, and global efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Kain
- Department of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Fowler
- Department of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Room D478, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
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16
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Abeldaño Zuñiga RA, Nance DC. The 2017 earthquakes in Mexico and pending issues with older adults. J Gerontol Soc Work 2018; 61:689-691. [PMID: 29989505 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2018.1494074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Ashida S, Zhu X, Robinson EL, Schroer A. Disaster preparedness networks in rural Midwest communities: Organizational roles, collaborations, and support for older residents. J Gerontol Soc Work 2018; 61:735-750. [PMID: 29771200 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2018.1474157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the roles and interconnections among community organizations belonging to local disaster coalitions in Midwest in supporting older residents. Representatives from 44 organizations participated in one-time survey. Most were non-profit (68%) or federal/state/local government agencies (23%). The analyses of 761 relationships showed stronger collaborations in assessment (average strength=2.88 on a 5-point scale), emergency response (2.72), and planning (2.61); and weaker collaborations in co-sponsoring programs (1.71) and supporting older residents (2.03). The extent of collaboration (network density) to support older adults was also low. Coalitions may enhance network density and centralization by developing sub-committee structure and strengthening existing collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sato Ashida
- a Department of Community and Behavioral Health , The University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA
- b The University of Iowa Aging Mind and Brain Initiative, Iowa City, IA
| | - Xi Zhu
- c Department of Health Management and Policy , The University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA
| | - Erin L Robinson
- d School of Social Work , University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Audrey Schroer
- a Department of Community and Behavioral Health , The University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA
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Gallo HB, Karimi B, Abdulridha M, Howard JL, Kiani H, Maico JR, Peace MV, Sicley BS, Yoo J, Wilber K. Social workers can help older adults prepare for and respond to natural and man-made emergencies. J Gerontol Soc Work 2018; 61:697-700. [PMID: 29381118 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2018.1432737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haley B Gallo
- a Leonard Davis School of Gerontology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Bijan Karimi
- b Sol Price School of Public Policy , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Maya Abdulridha
- a Leonard Davis School of Gerontology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Jessica L Howard
- a Leonard Davis School of Gerontology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Hanna Kiani
- a Leonard Davis School of Gerontology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Japheth R Maico
- a Leonard Davis School of Gerontology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Mackensie V Peace
- a Leonard Davis School of Gerontology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Breana S Sicley
- a Leonard Davis School of Gerontology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Jonathan Yoo
- a Leonard Davis School of Gerontology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Kathleen Wilber
- a Leonard Davis School of Gerontology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California , USA
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Mason MD, Spilman SK, Fuchsen EA, Olson SD, Sidwell RA, Swegle JR, Sahr SM. Anticoagulated Trauma Patients: A Level I Trauma Center's Response to a Growing Geriatric Population. J Emerg Med 2018; 53:458-466. [PMID: 29079066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injured older adults often receive delayed care in the emergency department (ED) because they do not meet criteria for trauma team activation (TTA). This is particularly dangerous for the increasing number of patients taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet (AC/AP) medication at the time of injury. OBJECTIVES The present study examined improvements in processes of care and triage accuracy when TTA criteria include an escalated response for older anticoagulated patients. METHODS A retrospective study was performed at a Level I trauma center. The study population (referred to as A55) included patients aged 55 years or older who were taking an AC/AP medication at the time of injury. Study periods included 11 months prior to the criteria change (Phase 1: July 2013-May 2014; n = 107) and 11 months after the change (Phase 2: July 2014-May 2015; n = 211). Differences were assessed with Kruskal-Wallis and chi-squared tests. RESULTS More A55 patients received a full or limited TTA after criteria were revised (70% vs. 26%, p < 0.001). Undertriage was reduced from 13% to 2% (p < 0.001). The trauma center significantly decreased time to first laboratory result, time to first computed tomography scan, and total time in ED prior to admission for A55 patients arriving from the scene of injury or by private vehicle. CONCLUSION Criteria that escalated the trauma response for A55 patients led to reductions in undertriage for anticoagulated older adults, as well as more timely mobilization of important clinical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Mason
- General Surgery Residency Program, Iowa Methodist Medical Center, Des Moines, Iowa
| | | | | | | | - Richard A Sidwell
- General Surgery Residency Program, Iowa Methodist Medical Center, Des Moines, Iowa; Trauma Services, UnityPoint Health, Des Moines, Iowa; The Iowa Clinic, Des Moines, Iowa
| | - James R Swegle
- Trauma Services, UnityPoint Health, Des Moines, Iowa; The Iowa Clinic, Des Moines, Iowa
| | - Sheryl M Sahr
- Trauma Services, UnityPoint Health, Des Moines, Iowa; The Iowa Clinic, Des Moines, Iowa
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21
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Abstract
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) transformed its approach to preparing for and responding to public health emergencies following the anthrax attacks of 2001. The Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response, an organizational home for emergency response at CDC, was established, and 4 programs were created or greatly expanded after the anthrax attacks: (1) an emergency management program, including an Emergency Operations Center; (2) increased support of state and local health department efforts to prepare for emergencies; (3) a greatly enlarged Strategic National Stockpile of medicines, vaccines, and medical equipment; and (4) a regulatory program to assure that work done on the most dangerous pathogens and toxins is done as safely and securely as possible. Following these changes, CDC led responses to 3 major public health emergencies: the 2009-10 H1N1 influenza pandemic, the 2014-16 Ebola epidemic in West Africa, and the ongoing Zika epidemic. This article reviews the programs of CDC's Office of Public Health Preparedness, the major responses, and how these responses have resulted in changes in CDC's approach to responding to public health emergencies.
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Smith MJ, Silva DS. Ethics for pandemics beyond influenza: Ebola, drug-resistant tuberculosis, and anticipating future ethical challenges in pandemic preparedness and response. Monash Bioeth Rev 2015; 33:130-47. [PMID: 26507138 PMCID: PMC7100556 DOI: 10.1007/s40592-015-0038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa has raised several novel ethical issues for global outbreak preparedness. It has also illustrated that familiar ethical issues in infectious disease management endure despite considerable efforts to understand and mitigate such issues in the wake of past outbreaks. To improve future global outbreak preparedness and response, we must examine these shortcomings and reflect upon the current state of ethical preparedness. To this end, we focus our efforts in this article on the examination of one substantial area: ethical guidance in pandemic plans. We argue that, due in part to their focus on considerations arising specifically in relation to pandemics of influenza origin, pandemic plans and their existing ethical guidance are ill-equipped to anticipate and facilitate the navigation of unique ethical challenges that may arise in other infectious disease pandemics. We proceed by outlining three reasons why this is so, and situate our analysis in the context of the EVD outbreak and the threat posed by drug-resistant tuberculosis: (1) different infectious diseases have distinct characteristics that challenge anticipated or existing modes of pandemic prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery, (2) clear, transparent, context-specific ethical reasoning and justification within current influenza pandemic plans are lacking, and (3) current plans neglect the context of how other significant pandemics may manifest. We conclude the article with several options for reflecting upon and ultimately addressing ethical issues that may emerge with different infectious disease pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell J Smith
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health and Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Suite 549, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada.
| | - Diego S Silva
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Bulsson Hall, Room 11008, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined local health department (LHD) preparedness capacities in the context of participation in accreditation and other performance improvement efforts. MetHODS: We analyzed preparedness in 8 domains among LHDs responding to a preparedness capacity instrument from 2010 through 2012. Study groups included LHDs that (1) were exposed to a North Carolina state-based accreditation program, (2) participated in 1 or more performance improvement programs, and (3) had not participated in any performance improvement programs. We analyzed mean domain preparedness scores and applied a series of nonparametric Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon tests to determine whether preparedness domain scores differed significantly between study groups from 2010 to 2012. RESULTS Preparedness capacity scores fluctuated and decreased significantly for all study groups for 2 domains: surveillance and investigation and legal preparedness. Significant decreases also occurred among participants for plans and protocols, communication, and incident command. Declines in capacity scores were not as great and less likely to be significant among North Carolina LHDs. CONCLUSIONS Decreases in preparedness capacities over the 3 survey years may reflect multiple years of funding cuts and job losses, specifically for preparedness. An accreditation program may have a protective effect against such contextual factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary V Davis
- Mary V. Davis and Anna P. Schenk are with the North Carolina Institute for Public Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH). Anna P. Schenck is also with the Public Health Leadership Program, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC-CH. Christine A. Bevc is with the Research and Evaluation Unit, North Carolina Institute for Public Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC-CH
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia Powell
- Montefiore Einstein Center for Bioethics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Abstract
Despite substantial investments since the events of 2001, much work remains to prepare the nation for a chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) attack or to respond to an emerging infectious disease threat. Following a 2010 review of the US Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise, FDA launched its Medical Countermeasures initiative (MCMi) to facilitate the development and availability of medical products to counter CBRN and emerging disease threats. As a regulatory agency, FDA has a unique and critical part to play in this national undertaking. Using a three-pillar approach, FDA is addressing key challenges associated with the regulatory review process for medical countermeasures; gaps in regulatory science for MCM development and evaluation; and issues related to the legal, regulatory and policy framework for an effective public health response. Filling the gaps in the MCM Enterprise is a huge national undertaking, requiring the collaboration of all stakeholders, including federal partners, current and prospective developers of medical countermeasures, relevant research organizations, and state and local responders. Especially critical to success are an appreciation of the long timelines, risks and high costs associated with developing medical countermeasures - and the systems to deliver them - and the requisite support of all stakeholders, including national leadership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Maher
- FDA, Medical Countermeasures Initiative (MCMi), Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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Kemp RL. Homeland security in the USA: past, present, and future. J Bus Contin Emer Plan 2012; 6:25-31. [PMID: 22948103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the evolving and dynamic field of homeland security in the USA. Included in this analysis is the evolution of the creation of the Department of Homeland Security, an overview of the National Warning System, a summary of citizen support groups, and how the field of homeland security has had an impact on the location and architecture of public buildings and facilities. Also included are website directories of citizen support groups and federal agencies related to the field of homeland security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger L Kemp
- Department of Public Management, University of New Haven, Meridien, CT, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas V Inglesby
- Center for Biosecurity of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, The Pier IV Bldg, 621 E Pratt St, Ste 210, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
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Erich J. A decade of remembrance: Top EMS leaders look back on the decade since 9/11--and what the future holds. EMS World 2011; 40:41-48. [PMID: 21961426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Abstract
Potential agents for biological attacks include both microorganisms and toxins. In mass spectrometry (MS), rapid identification of potential bioagents is achieved by detecting the masses of unique biomarkers, correlated to each agent. Currently, proteins are the most reliable biomarkers for detection and characterization of both microorganisms and toxins, and MS-based proteomics is particularly well suited for biodefense applications. Confident identification of an organism can be achieved by top-down proteomics following identification of individual protein biomarkers from their tandem mass spectra. In bottom-up proteomics, rapid digestion of intact protein biomarkers is again followed by MS/MS to provide unambiguous bioagent identification and characterization. Bioinformatics obviates the need for culturing and rigorous control of experimental variables to create and use MS fingerprint libraries for various classes of bioweapons. For specific applications, MS methods, instruments and algorithms have also been developed for identification based on biomarkers other than proteins and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plamen A Demirev
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723, USA.
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Chauvin SW, DiCarlo RP, Lopez FA, Delcarpio JB, Hilton CW. In for the long haul: sustaining and rebuilding educational operations after Hurricane Katrina. Fam Community Health 2008; 31:54-70. [PMID: 18091085 DOI: 10.1097/01.fch.0000304068.32948.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In 2005, Hurricane Katrina and the subsequent levee breaks left 80% of New Orleans under water for weeks. Within 4 short weeks, the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center at New Orleans had relocated its campus temporarily to Baton Rouge and resumed operations. Many lessons were learned in the first year of recovery and disseminated to the field regarding emergency and disaster preparedness and response. As we approach the second anniversary of the nation's most devastating natural disaster, we reflect on the long haul of rebuilding and offer new insights and lessons for sustaining operations and enhancing long-term rebuilding efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila W Chauvin
- Department of Internal Medicine and the School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Abstract
In 1999, the State of Illinois recognized the need for a trained and credentialed medical response that can respond to any disaster within the state and will bring health professionals, logistical support, supplies, and equipment to assist local providers when their resources are overwhelmed. The following article reflects on the historical background of the Illinois medical emergency response team, its team development, partnerships, activations, and future directions with the integration of oral health care professionals as a vital resource for emergency response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses S Lee
- John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Buitrago Serna MJ, Casas Flecha I, Eiros-Bouza JM, Escudero Nieto R, Giovanni Fedele C, Jado García I, Pozo Sánchez F, Rubio Muñoz JM, Sánchez-Seco Fariñas MP, Valdezate Ramos S, Verdejo Ortes J. [Biodefense: a new challenge for microbiology and public health]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2007; 25:190-8. [PMID: 17335699 DOI: 10.1157/13099372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioterrorism and the potential use of biological weapons has become an important concern of governments and responsible authorities. An example of this threat occurred in 2001 in the USA, when letters were sent containing spores of the agent that produces anthrax; this resulted in some deaths, and caused panic and negative effects on the world economy. If this small-scale event was able to cause such a huge impact, the repercussions of a massive attack could be catastrophic. In many countries, these events have resulted in the implementation of measures directed toward preventing and responding to bioterrorist threats and acts. As a whole, these measures are known as biodefense. This article briefly analyzes several aspects related to detecting and identifying acts of bioterrorism, and considers the biological agents that are implicated. The microbiological diagnosis that allows identification of the causal agent, a key point for taking suitable control measures, is also included.
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Hashsham SA, Wick LM, Rouillard JM, Gulari E, Tiedje JM. Potential of DNA microarrays for developing parallel detection tools (PDTs) for microorganisms relevant to biodefense and related research needs. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:668-83. [PMID: 15522582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Development of parallel detection tools using microarrays is critically reviewed in view of the need for screening multiple microorganisms in a single test. Potential research needs with respect to probe design and specificity, validation, sample concentration, selective target enrichment and amplification, and data analysis are discussed. Data illustrating selected probe design issues for detecting multiple targets in mixed microbial systems is presented. Challenges with respect to cost, time, and ease of use compared to other methods are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed A Hashsham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, A 126 Research Complex-Engineering, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Mariani SM. Biodefense research: new tricks to fight old enemies. MedGenMed 2003; 5:20. [PMID: 14603119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
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Glass TA, Schoch-Spana M. Bioterrorism and the people: how to vaccinate a city against panic. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34:217-23. [PMID: 11740711 DOI: 10.1086/338711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2001] [Revised: 11/11/2001] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioterrorism policy discussions and response planning efforts have tended to discount the capacity of the public to participate in the response to an act of bioterrorism, or they have assumed that local populations would impede an effective response. Fears of mass panic and social disorder underlie this bias. Although it is not known how the population will react to an unprecedented act of bioterrorism, experience with natural and technological disasters and disease outbreaks indicates a pattern of generally effective and adaptive collective action. Failure to involve the public as a key partner in the medical and public-health response could hamper effective management of an epidemic and increase the likelihood of social disruption. Ultimately, actions taken by nonprofessional individuals and groups could have the greatest influence on the outcome of a bioterrorism event. Five guidelines for integrating the public into bioterrorism response planning are proposed: (1) treat the public as a capable ally in the response to an epidemic, (2) enlist civic organizations in practical public health activities, (3) anticipate the need for home-based patient care and infection control, (4) invest in public outreach and communication strategies, and (5) ensure that planning reflects the values and priorities of affected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Glass
- Center on Aging and Health and the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Abstract
As the largest, and one of the most eclectic, urban center in the United States, New York City felt the need to develop an Office of Emergency Management to coordinate communications and direct resources in the event of a mass disaster. Practice drills were then carried out to assess and improve disaster preparedness. The day of 11 September 2001 began with the unimaginable. As events unfolded, previous plans based on drills were found not to address the unique issues faced and new plans rapidly evolved out of necessity. Heroic actions were commonplace. Much can be learned from the events of 11 September 2001. Natural and unnatural disasters will happen again, so it is critical that these lessons be learned. Proper preparation will undoubtedly save lives and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Simon
- Jacobi Medical Center, New York, USA.
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