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Chen H, Xiao M. Seasonality of influenza-like illness and short-term forecasting model in Chongqing from 2010 to 2022. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:432. [PMID: 38654199 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza-like illness (ILI) imposes a significant burden on patients, employers and society. However, there is no analysis and prediction at the hospital level in Chongqing. We aimed to characterize the seasonality of ILI, examine age heterogeneity in visits, and predict ILI peaks and assess whether they affect hospital operations. METHODS The multiplicative decomposition model was employed to decompose the trend and seasonality of ILI, and the Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average with exogenous factors (SARIMAX) model was used for the trend and short-term prediction of ILI. We used Grid Search and Akaike information criterion (AIC) to calibrate and verify the optimal hyperparameters, and verified the residuals of the multiplicative decomposition and SARIMAX model, which are both white noise. RESULTS During the 12-year study period, ILI showed a continuous upward trend, peaking in winter (Dec. - Jan.) and a small spike in May-June in the 2-4-year-old high-risk group for severe disease. The mean length of stay (LOS) in ILI peaked around summer (about Aug.), and the LOS in the 0-1 and ≥ 65 years old severely high-risk group was more irregular than the others. We found some anomalies in the predictive analysis of the test set, which were basically consistent with the dynamic zero-COVID policy at the time. CONCLUSION The ILI patient visits showed a clear cyclical and seasonal pattern. ILI prevention and control activities can be conducted seasonally on an annual basis, and age heterogeneity should be considered in the health resource planning. Targeted immunization policies are essential to mitigate potential pandemic threats. The SARIMAX model has good short-term forecasting ability and accuracy. It can help explore the epidemiological characteristics of ILI and provide an early warning and decision-making basis for the allocation of medical resources related to ILI visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayong Chen
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medical and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Mimi Xiao
- School of Public Health, Research Center for Medical and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, 400016, Chongqing, P. R. China.
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2
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Motamedi M, Dawson J, Li N, Down DG, Heddle NM. Demand forecasting for platelet usage: From univariate time series to multivariable models. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297391. [PMID: 38652720 PMCID: PMC11037532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelet products are both expensive and have very short shelf lives. As usage rates for platelets are highly variable, the effective management of platelet demand and supply is very important yet challenging. The primary goal of this paper is to present an efficient forecasting model for platelet demand at Canadian Blood Services (CBS). To accomplish this goal, five different demand forecasting methods, ARIMA (Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average), Prophet, lasso regression (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator), random forest, and LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) networks are utilized and evaluated via a rolling window method. We use a large clinical dataset for a centralized blood distribution centre for four hospitals in Hamilton, Ontario, spanning from 2010 to 2018 and consisting of daily platelet transfusions along with information such as the product specifications, the recipients' characteristics, and the recipients' laboratory test results. This study is the first to utilize different methods from statistical time series models to data-driven regression and machine learning techniques for platelet transfusion using clinical predictors and with different amounts of data. We find that the multivariable approaches have the highest accuracy in general, however, if sufficient data are available, a simpler time series approach appears to be sufficient. We also comment on the approach to choose predictors for the multivariable models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Motamedi
- Department of Computing and Software, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Dawson
- Department of Computing and Software, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Na Li
- Department of Computing and Software, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Transfusion Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas G. Down
- Department of Computing and Software, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy M. Heddle
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Transfusion Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Delgado-Ramos GC, Lucatello S, Ley D, Ivanova A, de Lourdes Romo-Aguilar M, Conde C, Imaz-Lamadrid M. A 2023 hurricane caught Mexico off guard: we must work together to prepare better. Nature 2024; 628:33-35. [PMID: 38565657 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-00904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
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4
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Khan MI, Qureshi H, Bae SJ, Shah A, Ahmad N, Ahmad S, Asim M. Dynamics of Malaria Incidence in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: Unveiling Rapid Growth Patterns and Forecasting Future Trends. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2024; 14:234-242. [PMID: 38353917 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-024-00189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria remains a formidable worldwide health challenge, with approximately half of the global population at high risk of catching the infection. This research study aimed to address the pressing public health issue of malaria's escalating prevalence in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan, and endeavors to estimate the trend for the future growth of the infection. METHODS The data were collected from the IDSRS of KP, covering a period of 5 years from 2018 to 2022. We proposed a hybrid model that integrated Prophet and TBATS methods, allowing us to efficiently capture the complications of the malaria data and improve forecasting accuracy. To ensure an inclusive assessment, we compared the prediction performance of the proposed hybrid model with other widely used time series models, such as ARIMA, ETS, and ANN. The models were developed through R-statistical software (version 4.2.2). RESULTS For the prediction of malaria incidence, the suggested hybrid model (Prophet and TBATS) surpassed commonly used time series approaches (ARIMA, ETS, and ANN). Hybrid model assessment metrics portrayed higher accuracy and reliability with lower MAE (8913.9), RMSE (3850.2), and MAPE (0.301) values. According to our forecasts, malaria infections were predicted to spread around 99,301 by December 2023. CONCLUSIONS We found the hybrid model (Prophet and TBATS) outperformed common time series approaches for forecasting malaria. By December 2023, KP's malaria incidence is expected to be around 99,301, making future incidence forecasts important. Policymakers will be able to use these findings to curb disease and implement efficient policies for malaria control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Humera Qureshi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Suk Joo Bae
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Adil Shah
- Health Department, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmad
- EIAS: Data Science and Blockchain Laboratory, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, 11586, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadique Ahmad
- EIAS: Data Science and Blockchain Laboratory, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, 11586, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Asim
- EIAS: Data Science and Blockchain Laboratory, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, 11586, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Nearing G, Cohen D, Dube V, Gauch M, Gilon O, Harrigan S, Hassidim A, Klotz D, Kratzert F, Metzger A, Nevo S, Pappenberger F, Prudhomme C, Shalev G, Shenzis S, Tekalign TY, Weitzner D, Matias Y. Global prediction of extreme floods in ungauged watersheds. Nature 2024; 627:559-563. [PMID: 38509278 PMCID: PMC10954541 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Floods are one of the most common natural disasters, with a disproportionate impact in developing countries that often lack dense streamflow gauge networks1. Accurate and timely warnings are critical for mitigating flood risks2, but hydrological simulation models typically must be calibrated to long data records in each watershed. Here we show that artificial intelligence-based forecasting achieves reliability in predicting extreme riverine events in ungauged watersheds at up to a five-day lead time that is similar to or better than the reliability of nowcasts (zero-day lead time) from a current state-of-the-art global modelling system (the Copernicus Emergency Management Service Global Flood Awareness System). In addition, we achieve accuracies over five-year return period events that are similar to or better than current accuracies over one-year return period events. This means that artificial intelligence can provide flood warnings earlier and over larger and more impactful events in ungauged basins. The model developed here was incorporated into an operational early warning system that produces publicly available (free and open) forecasts in real time in over 80 countries. This work highlights a need for increasing the availability of hydrological data to continue to improve global access to reliable flood warnings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shaun Harrigan
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK
| | | | - Daniel Klotz
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
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Goodwin P, Hoover J, Makridakis S, Petropoulos F, Tashman L. Business forecasting methods: Impressive advances, lagging implementation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295693. [PMID: 38096137 PMCID: PMC10721049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable forecasts are key to decisions in areas ranging from supply chain management to capacity planning in service industries. It is encouraging then that recent decades have seen dramatic advances in forecasting methods which have the potential to significantly increase forecast accuracy and improve operational and financial performance. However, despite their benefits, we have evidence that many organizations have failed to take up systematic forecasting methods. In this paper, we provide an overview of recent advances in forecasting and then use a combination of survey data and in-depth semi-structured interviews with forecasters to investigate reasons for the low rate of adoption. Finally, we identify pathways that could lead to the greater and more widespread use of systematic forecasting methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Goodwin
- School of Management, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Hoover
- Warrington College of Business, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Spyros Makridakis
- Makridakis Open Forecasting Center, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Fotios Petropoulos
- School of Management, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Makridakis Open Forecasting Center, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Len Tashman
- International Institute of Forecasters, Medford, MA, United States of America
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Clarke RH, Wescombe NJ, Huq S, Khan M, Kramer B, Lombardi D. Climate loss-and-damage funding: a mechanism to make it work. Nature 2023; 623:689-692. [PMID: 37993575 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
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8
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Callaway E. How AlphaFold and other AI tools could help us prepare for the next pandemic. Nature 2023; 622:440-441. [PMID: 37821614 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
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9
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Yang GH, Ma SQ, Bian XD, Li JC. The roles of liquidity and delay in financial markets based on an optimal forecasting model. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290869. [PMID: 37656682 PMCID: PMC10473490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the roles of liquidity and delay in financial markets through our proposed optimal forecasting model. The efficiency and liquidity of the financial market are examined using stochastic models that incorporate information delay. Based on machine learning, we estimate the in-sample and out-of-sample forecasting price performances of the six proposed methods using the likelihood function and Bayesian methods, and the out-of-sample prediction performance is compared with the benchmark model ARIMA-GARCH. We discover that the forecasting price performance of the proposed simplified delay stochastic model is superior to that of the benchmark methods by the test methods of a variety of loss function, superior predictive ability test (SPA), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Using data from the Chinese stock market, the best forecasting model assesses the efficiency and liquidity of the financial market while accounting for information delay and trade probability. The rise in trade probability and delay time affects the stability of the return distribution and raises the risk, according to stochastic simulation. The empirical findings show that empirical and best forecasting approaches are compatible, that company size and liquidity (delay time) have an inverse relationship, and that delay time and liquidity have a nonlinear relationship. The most efficient have optimal liquidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hui Yang
- School of Finance, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, P. R. of China
| | - Si-Qi Ma
- School of Finance, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, P. R. of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Bian
- School of Finance, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, P. R. of China
| | - Jiang-Cheng Li
- School of Finance, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, P. R. of China
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10
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Feng J, Xu L, Chen Y, Lin R, Li H, He H. Trends in incidence and mortality for ovarian cancer in China from 1990 to 2019 and its forecasted levels in 30 years. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:139. [PMID: 37452315 PMCID: PMC10347789 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The specific long-term trend in ovarian cancer (OC) rates in China has been rarely investigated. We aimed to estimate the temporal trends in incidence and mortality rates from 1990 to 2019 in OC and predict the next 30-year levels. Data on the incidence, mortality rates, and the number of new cases and deaths cases due to OC in the China cohort from 1990 to 2019 were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Temporal trends in incidence and mortality rates were evaluated by joinpoint regression models. The incidence and mortality rates and the estimated number of cases from 2020 to 2049 were predicted using the Bayesian age-period-cohort model. RESULTS Consecutive increasing trends in age-standardized incidence (average annual percent change [AAPC] = 2.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.90-2.16; p < 0.001) and mortality (AAPC = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.38-1.78; p < 0.001) rates in OC were observed from 1990-2019 in China. Theoretically, both the estimated age-standardized (per 100,000 women) incidence (from 4.77 in 2019 to 8.95 in 2049) and mortality (from 2.88 in 2019 to 4.03 in 2049) rates will continue to increase substantially in the coming 30 years. And the estimated number of new cases of, and deaths from OC will increase by more than 3 times between 2019 and 2049. CONCLUSIONS The disease burden of OC in incidence and mortality has been increasing in China over the past 30 years and will be predicted to increase continuously in the coming three decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Lijiang Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Yangping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Rongjin Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Haoxian Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Hong He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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11
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Yassin H, Abo Elyazeed ER. Prediction of the morbidity and mortality rates of COVID-19 in Egypt using non-extensive statistics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10056. [PMID: 37344515 PMCID: PMC10284937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-extenstive statistics play a significant role in studying the dynamic behaviour of COVID-19 to assist epidemiological scientists to take appropriate decisions about pandemic planning. Generic non-extensive and modified-Tsallis statistics are used to analyze and predict the morbidity and mortality rates in future. The cumulative number of confirmed infection and death in Egypt at interval from 4 March 2020 till 12 April 2022 are analyzed using both non-extensive statistics. Also, the cumulative confirmed data of infection by gender, death by gender, and death by age in Egypt at interval from 4 March 2020 till 29 June 2021 are fitted using both statistics. The best fit parameters are estimated. Also, we study the dependence of the estimated fit parameters on the people gender and age. Using modified-Tsallis statistic, the predictions of the morbidity rate in female is more than the one in male while the mortality rate in male is greater than the one in female. But, within generic non-extensive statistic we notice that the gender has no effect on the rate of infections and deaths in Egypt. Then, we propose expressions for the dependence of the fitted parameters on the age. We conclude that the obtained fit parameters depend mostly on the age and on the type of the statistical approach applied and the mortality risk increased with people aged above 45 years. We predict - using modified-Tsallis - that the rate of infection and death in Egypt will begin to decrease till stopping during the first quarter of 2025.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayam Yassin
- Physics Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11577, Egypt.
| | - Eman R Abo Elyazeed
- Physics Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11577, Egypt
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12
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Zhang X, Chen H, Wen Y, Shi J, Xiao Y. A new rainfall prediction model based on ICEEMDAN-WSD-BiLSTM and ESN. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:53381-53396. [PMID: 36854943 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25906-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Precipitation, as an important indicator describing the evolution of the regional climate system, plays an important role in understanding the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of regional precipitation. Scientific and accurate prediction of regional precipitation is helpful to provide theoretical basis for relevant departments to guide flood and drought control. To address the uncertainty and nonlinear characteristics of precipitation series, this paper uses the established improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN)-wavelet signal denoising (WSD)-bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM), and echo state network (ESN) models to predict precipitation of four cities in southern Anhui Province. The BiLSTM is used to predict the high-frequency components and the ESN to predict the low-frequency components, thus avoiding the influence between the two neural network predictions. The results show that the ICEEMDAN-WSD-BiLSTM and ESN models are more accurate. The average relative error reached 2.64% and the NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient) was 0.91, which was significantly better than the other four models. The model reveals the temporal change pattern and evolution characteristics of future precipitation, guides flood prevention and mitigation, and has certain theoretical significance and application value for promoting regional sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqi Zhang
- Water Conservancy College, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Protection Engineering, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Technology Research Center of Water Conservancy and Marine Traffic Engineering, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Water Conservancy College, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Yihao Wen
- Water Conservancy College, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jinwen Shi
- Water Conservancy College, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yimeng Xiao
- Water Conservancy College, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
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Swedo EA, Alic A, Law RK, Sumner SA, Chen MS, Zwald ML, Van Dyke ME, Bowen DA, Mercy JA. Development of a Machine Learning Model to Estimate US Firearm Homicides in Near Real Time. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e233413. [PMID: 36930150 PMCID: PMC10024196 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.3413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Firearm homicides are a major public health concern; lack of timely mortality data presents considerable challenges to effective response. Near real-time data sources offer potential for more timely estimation of firearm homicides. Objective To estimate near real-time burden of weekly and annual firearm homicides in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants In this prognostic study, anonymous, longitudinal time series data were obtained from multiple data sources, including Google and YouTube search trends related to firearms (2014-2019), emergency department visits for firearm injuries (National Syndromic Surveillance Program, 2014-2019), emergency medical service activations for firearm-related injuries (biospatial, 2014-2019), and National Domestic Violence Hotline contacts flagged with the keyword firearm (2016-2019). Data analysis was performed from September 2021 to September 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures Weekly estimates of US firearm homicides were calculated using a 2-phase pipeline, first fitting optimal machine learning models for each data stream and then combining the best individual models into a stacked ensemble model. Model accuracy was assessed by comparing predictions of firearm homicides in 2019 to actual firearm homicides identified by National Vital Statistics System death certificates. Results were also compared with a SARIMA (seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average) model, a common method to forecast injury mortality. Results Both individual and ensemble models yielded highly accurate estimates of firearm homicides. Individual models' mean error for weekly estimates of firearm homicides (root mean square error) varied from 24.95 for emergency department visits to 31.29 for SARIMA forecasting. Ensemble models combining data sources had lower weekly mean error and higher annual accuracy than individual data sources: the all-source ensemble model had a weekly root mean square error of 24.46 deaths and full-year accuracy of 99.74%, predicting the total number of firearm homicides in 2019 within 38 deaths for the entire year (compared with 95.48% accuracy and 652 deaths for the SARIMA model). The model decreased the time lag of reporting weekly firearm homicides from 7 to 8 months to approximately 6 weeks. Conclusions and Relevance In this prognostic study of diverse secondary data on machine learning, ensemble modeling produced accurate near real-time estimates of weekly and annual firearm homicides and substantially decreased data source time lags. Ensemble model forecasts can accelerate public health practitioners' and policy makers' ability to respond to unanticipated shifts in firearm homicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Swedo
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alen Alic
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Royal K. Law
- Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Steven A. Sumner
- Office of Strategy and Innovation, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - May S. Chen
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marissa L. Zwald
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Miriam E. Van Dyke
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Daniel A. Bowen
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James A. Mercy
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Ferreras A, Sumalla-Cano S, Martínez-Licort R, Elío I, Tutusaus K, Prola T, Vidal-Mazón JL, Sahelices B, de la Torre Díez I. Systematic Review of Machine Learning applied to the Prediction of Obesity and Overweight. J Med Syst 2023; 47:8. [PMID: 36637549 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-022-01904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and overweight has increased in the last year and has become a pandemic disease, the result of sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy diets rich in sugars, refined starches, fats and calories. Machine learning (ML) has proven to be very useful in the scientific community, especially in the health sector. With the aim of providing useful tools to help nutritionists and dieticians, research focused on the development of ML and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms and models is searched in the literature. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol has been used, a very common technique applied to carry out revisions. In our proposal, 17 articles have been filtered in which ML and DL are applied in the prediction of diseases, in the delineation of treatment strategies, in the improvement of personalized nutrition and more. Despite expecting better results with the use of DL, according to the selected investigations, the traditional methods are still the most used and the yields in both cases fluctuate around positive values, conditioned by the databases (transformed in each case) to a greater extent than by the artificial intelligence paradigm used. Conclusions: An important compilation is provided for the literature in this area. ML models are time-consuming to clean data, but (like DL) they allow automatic modeling of large volumes of data which makes them superior to traditional statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ferreras
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications and Telematics Engineering, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 15, Valladolid, 47011, Spain
| | - Sandra Sumalla-Cano
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, European University of the Atlantic, Santander, 39011, Spain
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Sport, Iberoamerican International University, Campeche, 24560, Mexico
| | - Rosmeri Martínez-Licort
- Telemedicine and eHealth Research Group, Department of Signal Theory and Communications and Telematics Engineering, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 15, Valladolid, 47011, Spain.
- Department of Telecommunications, University of Pinar del Río, Pinar del Río, Cuba.
| | - Iñaki Elío
- Research Group on Foods, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, European University of the Atlantic, Santander, 39011, Spain
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Sport, Iberoamerican International University, Campeche, 24560, Mexico
| | - Kilian Tutusaus
- Higher Polytechnic School, European University of the Atlantic, Santander, 39011, Spain
- Higher Polytechnic School, Iberoamerican International University, Campeche, 24560, Mexico
| | - Thomas Prola
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanites, European University of the Atlantic, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan Luís Vidal-Mazón
- Higher Polytechnic School, European University of the Atlantic, Santander, 39011, Spain
- Higher Polytechnic School, International University of Cuanza, Estrada nacional 250, Cuito-Bié, Angola
- Higher Polytechnic School, Iberoamerican International University, Arecibo, 00613, Puerto Rico
| | - Benjamín Sahelices
- Research group GCME, Department of Computer Science, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 15, Valladolid, 47011, Spain
| | - Isabel de la Torre Díez
- Department of Signal Theory and Communications and Telematics Engineering, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 15, Valladolid, 47011, Spain
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15
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Loc HH, Emadzadeh A, Park E, Nontikansak P, Deo RC. The Great 2011 Thailand flood disaster revisited: Could it have been mitigated by different dam operations based on better weather forecasts? Environ Res 2023; 216:114493. [PMID: 36265605 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper revisits the 2011 Great Flood in central Thailand to answer one of the hotly debated questions at the time "Could the operation decisions of the flood control structures substantially mitigate the flood impacts in the downstream areas?". Using a numerical modeling approach, we develop a hypothesis such that the two upstream dam reservoirs: Bhumibol and Sirikit had more accurately forecasted the typhoon-triggered abnormal rainfall volumes and released more water earlier to save the storage capacity via 17 different scenarios or alternative operation schemes. We subsequently quantify the potential improvements, or reduced flood impacts in the downstream catchments, solely by changing the operation schemes of these two dam reservoirs, with all other conditions remaining unchanged. We observed that changing the operation schemes could have reduced only the flood depth while offering very limited improvements in terms of inundated areas for the lower Chao Phraya River Basin. Among 17 scenarios simulated, the inundated areas could have been reduced at most by 3.68%. This result justifies the limited role of these mega structures in the upstream during the disaster on one hand, while pointing to the necessity of handling local rainfall differently on the other. The paper expands the discussion into how the government of Thailand has drawn the lessons from the 2011 flood to better prepare themselves against the lurking flood risk in 2021, also triggered by tropical cyclones. The highlighted initiatives, both technical and institutional, could have provided important references for the large river catchment managers in Southeast Asia and with implications of our method beyond the present application region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Huu Loc
- Water Engineering and Management, School of Engineering and Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand.
| | - Adel Emadzadeh
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edward Park
- National Institute of Education and Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Piyanuch Nontikansak
- Water Engineering and Management, School of Engineering and Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand
| | - Ravinesh C Deo
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, QLD, 4300, Australia
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Ji TJ, Cheng Q, Zhang Y, Zeng HR, Wang JX, Yang GY, Xu WB, Liu HT. A Novel Early Warning Model for Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Prediction Based on a Graph Convolutional Network. Biomed Environ Sci 2022; 35:494-503. [PMID: 35882409 DOI: 10.3967/bes2022.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a widespread infectious disease that causes a significant disease burden on society. To achieve early intervention and to prevent outbreaks of disease, we propose a novel warning model that can accurately predict the incidence of HFMD. METHODS We propose a spatial-temporal graph convolutional network (STGCN) that combines spatial factors for surrounding cities with historical incidence over a certain time period to predict the future occurrence of HFMD in Guangdong and Shandong between 2011 and 2019. The 2011-2018 data served as the training and verification set, while data from 2019 served as the prediction set. Six important parameters were selected and verified in this model and the deviation was displayed by the root mean square error and the mean absolute error. RESULTS As the first application using a STGCN for disease forecasting, we succeeded in accurately predicting the incidence of HFMD over a 12-week period at the prefecture level, especially for cities of significant concern. CONCLUSIONS This model provides a novel approach for infectious disease prediction and may help health administrative departments implement effective control measures up to 3 months in advance, which may significantly reduce the morbidity associated with HFMD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Jiao Ji
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Academy of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100026, China;Center for Biosafety Mega Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Han Ri Zeng
- Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Xing Wang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Guan Yu Yang
- LIST, Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Bo Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100026, China;Center for Biosafety Mega Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Tu Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100026, China;Center for Biosafety Mega Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
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17
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Hassan A, Prasad D, Rani S, Alhassan M. Gauging the Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Modeling in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. Biomed Res Int 2022; 2022:7731618. [PMID: 35309167 PMCID: PMC8931177 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7731618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
While the world continues to grapple with the devastating effects of the SARS-nCoV-2 virus, different scientific groups, including researchers from different parts of the world, are trying to collaborate to discover solutions to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus permanently. Henceforth, the current study envisions the analysis of predictive models that employ machine learning techniques and mathematical modeling to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. A systematic literature review (SLR) has been conducted, wherein a search into different databases, viz., PubMed and IEEE Explore, fetched 1178 records initially. From an initial of 1178 records, only 50 articles were analyzed completely. Around (64%) of the studies employed data-driven mathematical models, whereas only (26%) used machine learning models. Hybrid and ARIMA models constituted about (5%) and (3%) of the selected articles. Various Quality Evaluation Metrics (QEM), including accuracy, precision, specificity, sensitivity, Brier-score, F1-score, RMSE, AUC, and prediction and validation cohort, were used to gauge the effectiveness of the studied models. The study also considered the impact of Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2), AstraZeneca (ChAd0x1), and Moderna (mRNA-1273) on Beta (B.1.1.7) and Delta (B.1.617.2) viral variants and the impact of administering booster doses given the evolution of viral variants of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Hassan
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Devendra Prasad
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Shalli Rani
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Musah Alhassan
- University of Development Studies, Electrical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Nyankpala Campus, Ghana
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18
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Abstract
We consider whether one can forecast the emergence of variants of concern in the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and similar pandemics. We explore methods of population genetics and identify key relevant principles in both deterministic and stochastic models of spread of infectious disease. Finally, we demonstrate that fitness variation, defined as a trait for which an increase in its value is associated with an increase in net Darwinian fitness if the value of other traits are held constant, is a strong indicator of imminent transition in the viral population.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kyle Miller
- Auton Systems LLC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kimberly Elenberg
- United States Department of Defense Covid Task Force, Washington, DC, United States of America
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19
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Zhao D, Zhang H, Cao Q, Wang Z, He S, Zhou M, Zhang R. The research of ARIMA, GM(1,1), and LSTM models for prediction of TB cases in China. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262734. [PMID: 35196309 PMCID: PMC8865644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Tuberculosis (Tuberculosis, TB) is a public health problem in China, which not only endangers the population’s health but also affects economic and social development. It requires an accurate prediction analysis to help to make policymakers with early warning and provide effective precautionary measures. In this study, ARIMA, GM(1,1), and LSTM models were constructed and compared, respectively. The results showed that the LSTM was the optimal model, which can be achieved satisfactory performance for TB cases predictions in mainland China. Methods The data of tuberculosis cases in mainland China were extracted from the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China website. According to the TB data characteristics and the sample requirements, we created the ARIMA, GM(1,1), and LSTM models, which can make predictions for the prevalence trend of TB. The mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were applied to evaluate the effects of model fitting predicting accuracy. Results There were 3,021,995 tuberculosis cases in mainland China from January 2018 to December 2020. And the overall TB cases in mainland China take on a downtrend trend. We established ARIMA, GM(1,1), and LSTM models, respectively. The optimal ARIMA model is the ARIMA (0,1,0) × (0,1,0)12. The equation for GM(1,1) model was X(k+1) = -10057053.55e(-0.01k) + 10153178.55 the Mean square deviation ratio C value was 0.49, and the Small probability of error P was 0.94. LSTM model consists of an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer, the parameters of epochs, learning rating are 60, 0.01, respectively. The MAE, RMSE, and MAPE values of LSTM model were smaller than that of GM(1,1) and ARIMA models. Conclusions Our findings showed that the LSTM model was the optimal model, which has a higher accuracy performance than that of ARIMA and GM (1,1) models. Its prediction results can act as a predictive tool for TB prevention measures in mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daren Zhao
- Department of Medical Administration, Sichuan Provincial Orthopedics Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Huiwu Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Sichuan Provincial Orthopedics Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Qing Cao
- Department of Medical Administration, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyi Wang
- Department of Medical Administration, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Sizhang He
- Department of Information and Statistics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Minghua Zhou
- Department of Medical Administration, Luzhou People’s Hospital, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- School of Management, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Zhang X, Lauber L, Liu H, Shi J, Xie M, Pan Y. Travel time prediction of urban public transportation based on detection of single routes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262535. [PMID: 35030209 PMCID: PMC8759653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving travel time prediction for public transit effectively enhances service reliability, optimizes travel structure, and alleviates traffic problems. Its greater time-variance and uncertainty make predictions for short travel times (≤35min) more subject to be influenced by random factors. It requires higher precision and is more complicated than long-term predictions. Effectively extracting and mining real-time, accurate, reliable, and low-cost multi-source data such as GPS, AFC, and IC can provide data support for travel time prediction. Kalman filter model has high accuracy in one-step prediction and can be used to calculate a large amount of data. This paper adopts the Kalman filter as a travel time prediction model for a single bus based on single-line detection: including the travel time prediction model of route (RTM) and the stop dwell time prediction model (DTM); the evaluation criteria and indexes of the models are given. The error analysis of the prediction results is carried out based on AVL data by case study. Results show that under the precondition of multi-source data, the public transportation prediction model can meet the accuracy requirement for travel time prediction and the prediction effect of the whole route is superior to that of the route segment between stops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhuan Zhang
- The Institute of Road and Traffic Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (HL)
| | - Les Lauber
- Kansas Public Employee Retirement System, Topeka, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Hongjie Liu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, Shanxi Province, China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (HL)
| | - Junqing Shi
- The Institute of Road and Traffic Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Meili Xie
- The Institute of Road and Traffic Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuran Pan
- The Institute of Road and Traffic Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
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21
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Abstract
Billions of dollars are traded automatically in the stock market every day, including algorithms that use neural networks, but there are still questions regarding how neural networks trade. The black box nature of a neural network gives pause to entrusting it with valuable trading funds. A more recent technique for the study of neural networks, feature map visualizations, yields insight into how a neural network generates an output. Utilizing a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with candlestick images as input and feature map visualizations gives a unique opportunity to determine what in the input images is causing the neural network to output a certain action. In this study, a CNN is utilized within a Double Deep Q-Network (DDQN) to outperform the S&P 500 Index returns, and also analyze how the system trades. The DDQN is trained and tested on the 30 largest stocks in the S&P 500. Following training the CNN is used to generate feature map visualizations to determine where the neural network is placing its attention on the candlestick images. Results show that the DDQN is able to yield higher returns than the S&P 500 Index between January 2, 2020 and June 30, 2020. Results also show that the CNN is able to switch its attention from all the candles in a candlestick image to the more recent candles in the image, based on an event such as the coronavirus stock market crash of 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Brim
- Department of Computer Science, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicholas S. Flann
- Department of Computer Science, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
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22
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Abstract
This study aims to develop an assumption-free data-driven model to accurately forecast COVID-19 spread. Towards this end, we firstly employed Bayesian optimization to tune the Gaussian process regression (GPR) hyperparameters to develop an efficient GPR-based model for forecasting the recovered and confirmed COVID-19 cases in two highly impacted countries, India and Brazil. However, machine learning models do not consider the time dependency in the COVID-19 data series. Here, dynamic information has been taken into account to alleviate this limitation by introducing lagged measurements in constructing the investigated machine learning models. Additionally, we assessed the contribution of the incorporated features to the COVID-19 prediction using the Random Forest algorithm. Results reveal that significant improvement can be obtained using the proposed dynamic machine learning models. In addition, the results highlighted the superior performance of the dynamic GPR compared to the other models (i.e., Support vector regression, Boosted trees, Bagged trees, Decision tree, Random Forest, and XGBoost) by achieving an averaged mean absolute percentage error of around 0.1%. Finally, we provided the confidence level of the predicted results based on the dynamic GPR model and showed that the predictions are within the 95% confidence interval. This study presents a promising shallow and simple approach for predicting COVID-19 spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasminah Alali
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fouzi Harrou
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ying Sun
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Campbell B, Budreau D, Williams-Perez S, Chakravarty S, Galet C, McGonagill P. Admission Lymphopenia Predicts Infectious Complications and Mortality in Traumatic Brain Injury Victims. Shock 2022; 57:189-198. [PMID: 34618726 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and disability associated with increased risk of secondary infections. Identifying a readily available biomarker may help direct TBI patient care. Herein, we evaluated whether admission lymphopenia could predict outcomes of TBI patients. METHODS This is a 10-year retrospective review of TBI patients with a head Abbreviated Injury Score 2 to 6 and absolute lymphocyte counts (ALC) collected within 24 h of admission. Exclusion criteria were death within 24 h of admission and presence of bowel perforation on admission. Demographics, admission data, injury severity score, mechanism of injury, and outcomes were collected. Association between baseline variables and outcomes was analyzed. RESULTS We included 2,570 patients; 946 (36.8%) presented an ALC ≤1,000 on admission (lymphopenic group). Lymphopenic patients were significantly older, less likely to smoke, and more likely to have heart failure, hypertension, or chronic kidney disease. Lymphopenia was associated with increased risks of mortality (OR = 1.903 [1.389-2.608]; P < 0.001) and pneumonia (OR = 1.510 [1.081-2.111]; P = 0.016), increased LOS (OR = 1.337 [1.217-1.469]; P < 0.001), and likelihood of requiring additional healthcare resources at discharge (OR = 1.669 [1.344-2.073], P < 0.001). Additionally, lymphopenia increased the risk of early in-hospital death (OR = 1.459 [1.097-1.941]; P = 0.009). Subgroup analysis showed that lymphopenia was associated with mortality in polytrauma patients and those who presented with two or more concurrent types of TBI. In all subgroup analyses, lymphopenia was associated with longer length of stay and discharge requiring higher level of care. CONCLUSION A routine complete blood count with differential for all TBI patients may help predict patient outcomes and direct care accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Budreau
- Department of Surgery, Acute Care Surgery Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Aurora BayCare Medical Center, Green Bay, Wisconsin
| | | | | | - Colette Galet
- Department of Surgery, Acute Care Surgery Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Patrick McGonagill
- Department of Surgery, Acute Care Surgery Division, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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24
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Lünsmann BJ, Polotzek K, Kleber C, Gebler R, Bierbaum V, Walther F, Baum F, Juncken K, Forkert C, Lange T, Held HC, Mogwitz A, Weidemann RR, Sedlmayr M, Lakowa N, Stehr SN, Albrecht M, Karschau J, Schmitt J. Regional responsibility and coordination of appropriate inpatient care capacities for patients with COVID-19 - the German DISPENSE model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262491. [PMID: 35085297 PMCID: PMC8794159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As of late 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has been a challenge to health care systems worldwide. Rapidly rising local COVID-19 incidence rates, result in demand for high hospital and intensive care bed capacities on short notice. A detailed up-to-date regional surveillance of the dynamics of the pandemic, precise prediction of required inpatient capacities of care as well as a centralized coordination of the distribution of regional patient fluxes is needed to ensure optimal patient care. In March 2020, the German federal state of Saxony established three COVID-19 coordination centers located at each of its maximum care hospitals, namely the University Hospitals Dresden and Leipzig and the hospital Chemnitz. Each center has coordinated inpatient care facilities for the three regions East, Northwest and Southwest Saxony with 36, 18 and 29 hospital sites, respectively. Fed by daily data flows from local public health authorities capturing the dynamics of the pandemic as well as daily reports on regional inpatient care capacities, we established the information and prognosis tool DISPENSE. It provides a regional overview of the current pandemic situation combined with daily prognoses for up to seven days as well as outlooks for up to 14 days of bed requirements. The prognosis precision varies from 21% and 38% to 12% and 15% relative errors in normal ward and ICU bed demand, respectively, depending on the considered time period. The deployment of DISPENSE has had a major positive impact to stay alert for the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and to allocate resources as needed. The application of a mathematical model to forecast required bed capacities enabled concerted actions for patient allocation and strategic planning. The ad-hoc implementation of these tools substantiates the need of a detailed data basis that enables appropriate responses, both on regional scales in terms of clinic resource planning and on larger scales concerning political reactions to pandemic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict J. Lünsmann
- Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, University Hospital Dresden and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Katja Polotzek
- Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, University Hospital Dresden and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Kleber
- University Center of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard Gebler
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, University Hospital Dresden and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veronika Bierbaum
- Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, University Hospital Dresden and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Walther
- Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, University Hospital Dresden and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Quality and Medical Risk Management, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabian Baum
- Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, University Hospital Dresden and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kathleen Juncken
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinikum Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Christoph Forkert
- Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, University Hospital Dresden and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Toni Lange
- Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, University Hospital Dresden and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hanns-Christoph Held
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Mogwitz
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Martin Sedlmayr
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, University Hospital Dresden and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nicole Lakowa
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Klinikum Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Sebastian N. Stehr
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Jens Karschau
- Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, University Hospital Dresden and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Schmitt
- Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, University Hospital Dresden and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Rosenkrantz DJ, Vullikanti A, Ravi SS, Stearns RE, Levin S, Poor HV, Marathe MV. Fundamental limitations on efficiently forecasting certain epidemic measures in network models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2109228119. [PMID: 35046025 PMCID: PMC8794801 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109228119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic underscores the importance of developing reliable forecasts that would allow decision makers to devise appropriate response strategies. Despite much recent research on the topic, epidemic forecasting remains poorly understood. Researchers have attributed the difficulty of forecasting contagion dynamics to a multitude of factors, including complex behavioral responses, uncertainty in data, the stochastic nature of the underlying process, and the high sensitivity of the disease parameters to changes in the environment. We offer a rigorous explanation of the difficulty of short-term forecasting on networked populations using ideas from computational complexity. Specifically, we show that several forecasting problems (e.g., the probability that at least a given number of people will get infected at a given time and the probability that the number of infections will reach a peak at a given time) are computationally intractable. For instance, efficient solvability of such problems would imply that the number of satisfying assignments of an arbitrary Boolean formula in conjunctive normal form can be computed efficiently, violating a widely believed hypothesis in computational complexity. This intractability result holds even under the ideal situation, where all the disease parameters are known and are assumed to be insensitive to changes in the environment. From a computational complexity viewpoint, our results, which show that contagion dynamics become unpredictable for both macroscopic and individual properties, bring out some fundamental difficulties of predicting disease parameters. On the positive side, we develop efficient algorithms or approximation algorithms for restricted versions of forecasting problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Rosenkrantz
- Biocomplexity Institute and Initiative, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
- Department of Computer Science, University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222
| | - Anil Vullikanti
- Biocomplexity Institute and Initiative, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
- Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
| | - S S Ravi
- Biocomplexity Institute and Initiative, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
- Department of Computer Science, University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222
| | - Richard E Stearns
- Biocomplexity Institute and Initiative, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
- Department of Computer Science, University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222
| | - Simon Levin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
- Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - H Vincent Poor
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Madhav V Marathe
- Biocomplexity Institute and Initiative, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904;
- Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
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Fu R, Schwartz R, Mitsakakis N, Diemert LM, O’Connor S, Cohen JE. Predictors of perceived success in quitting smoking by vaping: A machine learning approach. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262407. [PMID: 35030208 PMCID: PMC8759658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior research has suggested that a set of unique characteristics may be associated with adult cigarette smokers who are able to quit smoking using e-cigarettes (vaping). In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to identify and rank the importance of these characteristics using machine learning. During July and August 2019, an online survey was administered to a convenience sample of 889 adult smokers (age ≥ 20) in Ontario, Canada who tried vaping to quit smoking in the past 12 months. Fifty-one person-level characteristics, including a Vaping Experiences Score, were assessed in a gradient boosting machine model to classify the status of perceived success in vaping-assisted smoking cessation. This model was trained using cross-validation and tested using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The top five most important predictors were identified using a score between 0% and 100% that represented the relative importance of each variable in model training. About 20% of participants (N = 174, 19.6%) reported success in vaping-assisted smoking cessation. The model achieved relatively high performance with an area under the ROC curve of 0.865 and classification accuracy of 0.831 (95% CI [confidence interval] 0.780 to 0.874). The top five most important predictors of perceived success in vaping-assisted smoking cessation were more positive experiences measured by the Vaping Experiences Score (100%), less previously failed quit attempts by vaping (39.0%), younger age (21.9%), having vaped 100 times (16.8%), and vaping shortly after waking up (15.8%). Our findings provide strong statistical evidence that shows better vaping experiences are associated with greater perceived success in smoking cessation by vaping. Furthermore, our study confirmed the strength of machine learning techniques in vaping-related outcomes research based on observational data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fu
- Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Schwartz
- Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicholas Mitsakakis
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lori M. Diemert
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn O’Connor
- Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanna E. Cohen
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Haymart MR. Year in Thyroidology-Recent Developments and Future Challenges: Clinical Science Review. Thyroid 2022; 32:9-13. [PMID: 34806424 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2021.0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: The 2021 Year in Thyroidology-Recent Developments and Future Challenges: Clinical Science Review featured key clinical research within five categories: Thyroid Nodules and Cancer, Thyroid Function and Thyroid Eye Disease, Thyroid and Pregnancy, Thyroid and Pediatrics, and Disparities in Thyroid. Methods: A literature search of PubMed from November 2019 to August 2021 was performed to identify relevant peer-reviewed articles published in English and with a focus on human subjects. Results: There were three nominees for each of the five categories and one featured article per category. The featured articles had the most potential to change clinical practice, focused on a novel topic, and/or included of strong methodology. Conclusions: There were many strong publications on thyroid between November 2019 and August 2021; the 15 nominees and 5 featured articles span a breadth of topics and methodological approaches. The featured articles all have potential to change practice patterns or to stimulate further research that will ultimately change practice patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Haymart
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Campbell B, Warren K, Weiler M, De Leon G. Eigenvector centrality defines hierarchy and predicts graduation in therapeutic community units. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261405. [PMID: 34914758 PMCID: PMC8675758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Therapeutic communities (TCs) are mutual aid based residential programs for the treatment of substance abuse and criminal behavior. While it is expected that residents will provide feedback to peers, there has been no social network study of the hierarchy through which feedback flows. METHODS Data for this study was drawn from clinical records of peer corrections exchanged between TC residents in six units kept over periods of less than two to over eight years. Four of the units served men while two served women. Hierarchy position was measured using eigenvector centrality, on the assumption that residents who were more central in the network of corrections were lower in the hierarchy. It was hypothesized that residents would rise in the hierarchy over time. This was tested using Wilcoxon paired samples tests comparing the mean and maximum eigenvector centrality for time in treatment with those in the last month of treatment. It was also hypothesized that residents who rose higher in the hierarchy were more likely to graduate, the outcome of primary interest. Logistic regression was used to test hierarchy position as a predictor of graduation, controlling for age, race, risk of recidivism as measured by the Level of Services Inventory-Revised (LSI-R) and days spent in the program. RESULTS Residents averaged a statistically significantly lower eigenvector centrality in the last month in all units, indicating a rise in the hierarchy over time. Residents with lower maximum and average eigenvector centrality both over the length of treatment and in the last month of treatment were more likely to graduate in four of the six units, those with lower maximum and average eigenvector centrality in the last month but not over the length of treatment were more likely to graduate in one of the six units, while eigenvector centrality did not predict graduation in one unit. However, this last unit was much smaller than the others, which may have influenced the results. CONCLUSION These results suggest that TC residents move through a social network hierarchy and that movement through the hierarchy predicts successful graduation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Campbell
- Department of Political Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Keith Warren
- The Ohio State University College of Social Work, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mackenzie Weiler
- Department of Political Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - George De Leon
- New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, New York, United States of America
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Lee A, Weintraub S, Xi IL, Ahn J, Bernstein J. Predicting life expectancy after geriatric hip fracture: A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261279. [PMID: 34910791 PMCID: PMC8673659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Displaced femoral neck fractures in geriatric patients are typically treated with either hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty. The choice between hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty requires a good estimate of the patient’s life expectancy, as the recent HEALTH trial suggests that the benefits of the two operations do not diverge, if at all, until the second year post-operatively. A systematic review was this performed to determine if there sufficient information in the medical literature to estimate a patient’s life expectancy beyond two years and to identify those patient variables affecting survival of that duration. Methods Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were queried for articles reporting survival data for at least two years post-operatively for at least 100 patients, age 65 or greater, treated surgically for an isolated hip fracture. A final set of 43 papers was created. The methods section of all selected papers was then reviewed to determine which variables were collected in the studies and the results section was reviewed to note whether an effect was reported for all collected variables. Results There were 43 eligible studies with 25 unique variables identified. Only age, gender, comorbidities, the presence of dementia and fracture type were collected in a majority of studies, and within that, only age and gender were reported in a majority of the results. Most (15/ 25) variables were reported in 5 or fewer of the studies. Discussion There are important deficiencies in the literature precluding the evidence-based estimation of 2 year life expectancy. Because the ostensible advantages of total hip arthroplasty are reaped only by those who survive two years or more, there is a need for additional data collection, analysis and reporting regarding survival after geriatric hip fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sara Weintraub
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ianto Lin Xi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jaimo Ahn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joseph Bernstein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mourragui SMC, Loog M, Vis DJ, Moore K, Manjon AG, van de Wiel MA, Reinders MJT, Wessels LFA. Predicting patient response with models trained on cell lines and patient-derived xenografts by nonlinear transfer learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2106682118. [PMID: 34873056 PMCID: PMC8670522 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106682118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical models have been the workhorse of cancer research, producing massive amounts of drug response data. Unfortunately, translating response biomarkers derived from these datasets to human tumors has proven to be particularly challenging. To address this challenge, we developed TRANSACT, a computational framework that builds a consensus space to capture biological processes common to preclinical models and human tumors and exploits this space to construct drug response predictors that robustly transfer from preclinical models to human tumors. TRANSACT performs favorably compared to four competing approaches, including two deep learning approaches, on a set of 23 drug prediction challenges on The Cancer Genome Atlas and 226 metastatic tumors from the Hartwig Medical Foundation. We demonstrate that response predictions deliver a robust performance for a number of therapies of high clinical importance: platinum-based chemotherapies, gemcitabine, and paclitaxel. In contrast to other approaches, we demonstrate the interpretability of the TRANSACT predictors by correctly identifying known biomarkers of targeted therapies, and we propose potential mechanisms that mediate the resistance to two chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soufiane M C Mourragui
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, 2628 XE Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Loog
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, 2628 XE Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel J Vis
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kat Moore
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna G Manjon
- Division of Cell Biology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A van de Wiel
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 0SR, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel J T Reinders
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, 2628 XE Delft, The Netherlands;
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, 2628 XE Delft, The Netherlands
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Kundina VV, Babkina TM. MULTIMODAL LOGIT MODEL FOR PREDICTING THE EFFICIENCY OF MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION BY THE METHOD OF CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE. Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol 2021; 26:513-525. [PMID: 34965570 DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2021-26-513-525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE building of a mathematical logit model for possible prediction of the outcome of surgical treatment bythe method of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients of different groups with coronary heart disease(CHD) based on myocardial viability (MV) assessment. MATERIAL AND METHODS To implement the set clinical tasks, 62 patients with coronary heart disease with preservedsystolic function and systolic dysfunction were examined. The mean age of the subjects was (59.6 ± 8.2) years. 35(56 %) patients had a variant of heart failure (HF) with an ejection fraction (EF) of 45 % or less. 27 (44 %) patientshad EF of 46 % or more. 5 (8.0 %) patients denied myocardial infarction (MI). Myocardial scintigraphy (MSG) wasperformed on Infinia Hawkeye combined gamma-camera (GE, USA) with integrated CT. The studies were performedin SPECT and SPECT / CT with ECG synchronization (Gated SPECT) modes. 99mTc-MIBI with an activity of 555-740 MBqwas used. MSG was performed in the dynamics of treatment (before CABG and after CABG) according to One Day Restprotocol. A total of 124 scintigraphic studies were performed. RESULTS Samples of patients studied «before» and «after» the treatment were compared using nonparametricWilcoxon test (Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test). A multivariate regression model, that reflects a statistically significanteffect on the treatment response (MV after treatment) of such cardiac activity indicators as LV EF (%), coronary bedlesion area and MV level (%) before treatment, was built. The above-described regression relationship between thethree above-defined functional factors of cardiac activity before treatment and the therapeutic effect in the formof the change in MV can be construed as a diagnostic model that predicts the treatment outcome. CONCLUSIONS This scientific study allows to build logit models to predict the expected outcome of coronary heartdisease surgical treatment in patients of different groups. The presented multivariate regression model is characterised by a sufficiently high for biostatistical studies adjusted coefficient of determination (Adjusted R2 = 0,893 (F = 173,4; p < 0,001)).
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Kundina
- Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, 9 Dorohozhytska Str., Kyiv, 04112 Ukraine
| | - T M Babkina
- Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, 9 Dorohozhytska Str., Kyiv, 04112 Ukraine
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Higi L, Lisibach A, Beeler PE, Lutters M, Blanc AL, Burden AM, Stämpfli D. External validation of the PAR-Risk Score to assess potentially avoidable hospital readmission risk in internal medicine patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259864. [PMID: 34813625 PMCID: PMC8610256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Readmission prediction models have been developed and validated for targeted in-hospital preventive interventions. We aimed to externally validate the Potentially Avoidable Readmission-Risk Score (PAR-Risk Score), a 12-items prediction model for internal medicine patients with a convenient scoring system, for our local patient cohort. METHODS A cohort study using electronic health record data from the internal medicine ward of a Swiss tertiary teaching hospital was conducted. The individual PAR-Risk Score values were calculated for each patient. Univariable logistic regression was used to predict potentially avoidable readmissions (PARs), as identified by the SQLape algorithm. For additional analyses, patients were stratified into low, medium, and high risk according to tertiles based on the PAR-Risk Score. Statistical associations between predictor variables and PAR as outcome were assessed using both univariable and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS The final dataset consisted of 5,985 patients. Of these, 340 patients (5.7%) experienced a PAR. The overall PAR-Risk Score showed rather poor discriminatory power (C statistic 0.605, 95%-CI 0.575-0.635). When using stratified groups (low, medium, high), patients in the high-risk group were at statistically significant higher odds (OR 2.63, 95%-CI 1.33-5.18) of being readmitted within 30 days compared to low risk patients. Multivariable logistic regression identified previous admission within six months, anaemia, heart failure, and opioids to be significantly associated with PAR in this patient cohort. CONCLUSION This external validation showed a limited overall performance of the PAR-Risk Score, although higher scores were associated with an increased risk for PAR and patients in the high-risk group were at significantly higher odds of being readmitted within 30 days. This study highlights the importance of externally validating prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Higi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- PEDeus Ltd., Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Lisibach
- Department Medical Services, Clinical Pharmacy, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Baden, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick E. Beeler
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Lutters
- Department Medical Services, Clinical Pharmacy, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Baden, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Laure Blanc
- Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy of Eastern Vaud Hospitals, Rennaz, Switzerland
| | - Andrea M. Burden
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institue of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Stämpfli
- Department Medical Services, Clinical Pharmacy, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Baden, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institue of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
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Merola J, Gan G, Stewart D, Noreen S, Mulligan D, Batra R, Haakinson D, Deng Y, Kulkarni S. Inactive status is an independent predictor of liver transplant waitlist mortality and is associated with a transplant centers median meld at transplant. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260000. [PMID: 34793524 PMCID: PMC8601542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 30% of patients on the liver transplant waitlist experience at least one inactive status change which makes them temporarily ineligible to receive a deceased donor transplant. We hypothesized that inactive status would be associated with higher mortality which may differ on a transplant centers' or donor service areas' (DSA) Median MELD at Transplant (MMaT). METHODS Multi-state models were constructed (OPTN database;06/18/2013-06/08/2018) using DSA-level and transplant center-level data where MMaT were numerically ranked and categorized into tertiles. Hazards ratios were calculated between DSA and transplant center tertiles, stratified by MELD score, to determine differences in inactive to active transition probabilities. RESULTS 7,625 (30.2% of sample registrants;25,216 total) experienced at least one inactive status change in the DSA-level cohort and 7,623 experienced at least one inactive status change in the transplant-center level cohort (30.2% of sample registrants;25,211 total). Inactive patients with MELD≤34 had a higher probability of becoming re-activated if they were waitlisted in a low or medium MMaT transplant center or DSA. Transplant rates were higher and lower re-activation probability was associated with higher mortality for the MELD 26-34 group in the high MMaT tertile. There were no significant differences in re-activation, transplant probability, or waitlist mortality for inactivated patients with MELD≥35 regardless of a DSA's or center's MMaT. CONCLUSION This study shows that an inactive status change is independently associated with waitlist mortality. This association differs by a centers' and a DSAs' MMaT. Prioritization through care coordination to resolve issues of inactivity is fundamental to improving access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Merola
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplantation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Geliang Gan
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Darren Stewart
- United Network for Organ Sharing, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Samantha Noreen
- United Network for Organ Sharing, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - David Mulligan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplantation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- United Network for Organ Sharing, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ramesh Batra
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplantation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Danielle Haakinson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplantation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yanhong Deng
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Kulkarni
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplantation, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Price BS, Khodaverdi M, Halasz A, Hendricks B, Kimble W, Smith GS, Hodder SL. Predicting increases in COVID-19 incidence to identify locations for targeted testing in West Virginia: A machine learning enhanced approach. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259538. [PMID: 34731188 PMCID: PMC8565789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, West Virginia developed an aggressive SARS-CoV-2 testing strategy which included utilizing pop-up mobile testing in locations anticipated to have near-term increases in SARS-CoV-2 infections. This study describes and compares two methods for predicting near-term SARS-CoV-2 incidence in West Virginia counties. The first method, Rt Only, is solely based on producing forecasts for each county using the daily instantaneous reproductive numbers, Rt. The second method, ML+Rt, is a machine learning approach that uses a Long Short-Term Memory network to predict the near-term number of cases for each county using epidemiological statistics such as Rt, county population information, and time series trends including information on major holidays, as well as leveraging statewide COVID-19 trends across counties and county population size. Both approaches used daily county-level SARS-CoV-2 incidence data provided by the West Virginia Department Health and Human Resources beginning April 2020. The methods are compared on the accuracy of near-term SARS-CoV-2 increases predictions by county over 17 weeks from January 1, 2021- April 30, 2021. Both methods performed well (correlation between forecasted number of cases and the actual number of cases week over week is 0.872 for the ML+Rt method and 0.867 for the Rt Only method) but differ in performance at various time points. Over the 17-week assessment period, the ML+Rt method outperforms the Rt Only method in identifying larger spikes. Results show that both methods perform adequately in both rural and non-rural predictions. Finally, a detailed discussion on practical issues regarding implementing forecasting models for public health action based on Rt is provided, and the potential for further development of machine learning methods that are enhanced by Rt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S. Price
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- Management Information Systems Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Maryam Khodaverdi
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Adam Halasz
- School of Mathematics and Data Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Brian Hendricks
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Wesley Kimble
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Gordon S. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sally L. Hodder
- West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
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Ambrosy AP, Parikh RV, Sung SH, Narayanan A, Masson R, Lam PQ, Kheder K, Iwahashi A, Hardwick AB, Fitzpatrick JK, Avula HR, Selby VN, Shen X, Sanghera N, Cristino J, Go AS. A Natural Language Processing-Based Approach for Identifying Hospitalizations for Worsening Heart Failure Within an Integrated Health Care Delivery System. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2135152. [PMID: 34807259 PMCID: PMC8609413 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.35152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The current understanding of epidemiological mechanisms and temporal trends in hospitalizations for worsening heart failure (WHF) is based on claims and national reporting databases. However, these data sources are inherently limited by the accuracy and completeness of diagnostic coding and/or voluntary reporting. OBJECTIVE To assess the overall burden of and temporal trends in the rate of hospitalizations for WHF. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study, performed from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019, used electronic health record (EHR) data from a large integrated health care delivery system. EXPOSURES Calendar year trends. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Hospitalizations for WHF (ie, excluding observation stays) were defined as 1 symptom or more, 2 objective findings or more including 1 sign or more, and 2 doses or more of intravenous loop diuretics and/or new hemodialysis or continuous kidney replacement therapy. Symptoms and signs were identified using natural language processing (NLP) algorithms applied to EHR data. RESULTS The study population was composed of 118 002 eligible patients experiencing 287 992 unique hospitalizations (mean [SD] age, 75.6 [13.1] years; 147 203 [51.1%] male; 1655 [0.6%] American Indian or Alaska Native, 28 451 [9.9%] Asian or Pacific Islander, 34 903 [12.1%] Black, 23 452 [8.1%] multiracial, 175 840 [61.1%] White, and 23 691 [8.2%] unknown), including 65 357 with a principal discharge diagnosis and 222 635 with a secondary discharge diagnosis of HF. The study population included 59 868 patients (20.8%) with HF with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (<40%), 33 361 (11.6%) with HF with a midrange EF (HFmrEF) (40%-49%), 142 347 (49.4%) with HF with a preserved EF (HFpEF) (≥50%), and 52 416 (18.2%) with unknown EF. A total of 58 042 admissions (88.8%) with a primary discharge diagnosis of HF and 62 764 admissions (28.2%) with a secondary discharge diagnosis of HF met the prespecified diagnostic criteria for WHF. Overall, hospitalizations for WHF identified on NLP-based algorithms increased from 5.2 to 7.6 per 100 hospitalizations per year during the study period. Subgroup analyses found an increase in hospitalizations for WHF based on NLP from 1.5 to 1.9 per 100 hospitalizations for HFrEF, from 0.6 to 1.0 per 100 hospitalizations for HFmrEF, and from 2.6 to 3.9 per 100 hospitalizations for HFpEF. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this cohort study suggest that the burden of hospitalizations for WHF may be more than double that previously estimated using only principal discharge diagnosis. There has been a gradual increase in the rate of hospitalizations for WHF with a more noticeable increase observed for HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Ambrosy
- Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California
| | - Rishi V. Parikh
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Sue Hee Sung
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Anand Narayanan
- Department of Medicine, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Rajeev Masson
- Department of Medicine, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Phuong-Quang Lam
- Department of Medicine, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Kevin Kheder
- Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Alan Iwahashi
- Department of Medicine, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Alexander B. Hardwick
- Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Jesse K. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Harshith R. Avula
- Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente Walnut Creek Medical Center, Walnut Creek, California
| | - Van N. Selby
- Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Xian Shen
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey
| | | | - Joaquim Cristino
- Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente Walnut Creek Medical Center, Walnut Creek, California
| | - Alan S. Go
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California
- Departments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
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Khashei M, Bakhtiarvand N, Etemadi S. A novel reliability-based regression model for medical modeling and forecasting. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102331. [PMID: 34781137 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In recent decades, modeling and forecasting have played a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of different diseases. Various forecasting models have been developed to improve data-based decision-making processes in medical systems. Although these models differ in many aspects, they all originate from the assumption that more generalizable results are achieved by more accurate models. This means that accuracy is considered as the only prominent feature to evaluate the generalizability of forecasting models. On the other side, due to the changeable medical situations and even changeable models' results, making stable and reliable performance is necessary to adopt appropriate medical decisions. Hence, reliability and stability of models' performance is another effective factor on the model's generalizability that should be taken into consideration in developing medical forecasting models. METHODS In this paper, a new reliability-based forecasting approach is developed to address this gap and achieve more consistent performance in making medical predictions. The proposed approach is implemented on the classic regression model which is a common accuracy-based statistical method in medical fields. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model, it has been performed by using two medical benchmark datasets from UCI and obtained results are compared with the classic regression model. RESULTS Empirical results show that the proposed model has outperformed the classic regression model in terms of error criteria such as MSE and MAE. So, the presented model can be utilized as an appropriate alternative for the traditional regression model in making effective medical decisions. CONCLUSIONS Based on the obtained results, the proposed model can be an appropriate alternative for traditional multiple linear regression for modeling in real-world applications, especially when more generalization and/or more reliability is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Khashei
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology (IUT), Isfahan, Iran; Center for Optimization and Intelligent Decision Making in Healthcare Systems (COID-Health), Isfahan University of Technology (IUT), Isfahan, 8415683111, Iran.
| | - Negar Bakhtiarvand
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology (IUT), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sepideh Etemadi
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology (IUT), Isfahan, Iran
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Kabir H, Nasrullah SM, Hasan MK, Ahmed S, Hawlader MDH, Mitra DK. Perceived e-learning stress as an independent predictor of e-learning readiness: Results from a nationwide survey in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259281. [PMID: 34710196 PMCID: PMC8553166 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND E-learning is a relatively trending system of education that has been placed over conventional campus-based learning worldwide, especially since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess e-learning readiness among university students of a developing country like Bangladesh and identify the independent predictors of e-learning readiness. METHODS From 26 December 2020 to 11 January 2021, a total of 1162 university students who had enrolled for e-learning completed a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were collected online via "Google Form" following the principles of snowball sampling through available social media platforms in Bangladesh. A multivariable linear regression model was fitted to investigate the association of e-learning readiness with perceived e-learning stress and other independent predictor variables. RESULTS A total of 1162 university students participated in this study. The results indicated that with the increase of students' perceived e-learning stress score, the average e-learning readiness score was significantly decreased (β = -0.43, 95% CI: -0.66, -0.20). The students did not seem ready, and none of the e-learning readiness scale items reached the highest mean score (5.0). The age, gender, divisional residence, preference of students and their parents, devices used, and having any eye problems were significantly associated with the students' e-learning readiness. CONCLUSION During the prolonged period of the COVID-19 pandemic, e-learning implication strategies are needed to be assessed systematically with the level of readiness and its' impacts among students for the continuation of sound e-learning systems. The study findings recommend evaluating the e-learning readiness of university students and the mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 catastrophe in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humayun Kabir
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- CRP Nursing College, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- IQARUS, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tejgaon College, National University, Bangladesh, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Dipak Kumar Mitra
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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38
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Pollett S, Johansson MA, Reich NG, Brett-Major D, Del Valle SY, Venkatramanan S, Lowe R, Porco T, Berry IM, Deshpande A, Kraemer MUG, Blazes DL, Pan-ngum W, Vespigiani A, Mate SE, Silal SP, Kandula S, Sippy R, Quandelacy TM, Morgan JJ, Ball J, Morton LC, Althouse BM, Pavlin J, van Panhuis W, Riley S, Biggerstaff M, Viboud C, Brady O, Rivers C. Recommended reporting items for epidemic forecasting and prediction research: The EPIFORGE 2020 guidelines. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003793. [PMID: 34665805 PMCID: PMC8525759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of infectious disease epidemic forecasting and prediction research is underscored by decades of communicable disease outbreaks, including COVID-19. Unlike other fields of medical research, such as clinical trials and systematic reviews, no reporting guidelines exist for reporting epidemic forecasting and prediction research despite their utility. We therefore developed the EPIFORGE checklist, a guideline for standardized reporting of epidemic forecasting research. METHODS AND FINDINGS We developed this checklist using a best-practice process for development of reporting guidelines, involving a Delphi process and broad consultation with an international panel of infectious disease modelers and model end users. The objectives of these guidelines are to improve the consistency, reproducibility, comparability, and quality of epidemic forecasting reporting. The guidelines are not designed to advise scientists on how to perform epidemic forecasting and prediction research, but rather to serve as a standard for reporting critical methodological details of such studies. CONCLUSIONS These guidelines have been submitted to the EQUATOR network, in addition to hosting by other dedicated webpages to facilitate feedback and journal endorsement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pollett
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Johansson
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Nicholas G. Reich
- University of Massachusetts–Amherst, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David Brett-Major
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Sara Y. Del Valle
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Srinivasan Venkatramanan
- Biocomplexity Institute and Initiative, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Rachel Lowe
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases and Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Travis Porco
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Irina Maljkovic Berry
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alina Deshpande
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | | | - David L. Blazes
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wirichada Pan-ngum
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit and Department of Tropical Hygiene, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Alessandro Vespigiani
- Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Suzanne E. Mate
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sheetal P. Silal
- Modelling and Simulation Hub, Africa, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sasikiran Kandula
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Rachel Sippy
- Institute for Global Health and Translational Science, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Talia M. Quandelacy
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J. Morgan
- Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jacob Ball
- U.S. Army Public Health Center, Edgewood, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lindsay C. Morton
- Armed Forces Health Surveillance Division, Global Emerging Infections Surveillance, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Benjamin M. Althouse
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Institute for Disease Modeling, Bellevue, Washington, United States of America
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Julie Pavlin
- National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Wilbert van Panhuis
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Steven Riley
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Biggerstaff
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cecile Viboud
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Oliver Brady
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caitlin Rivers
- Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Dyson L, Hill EM, Moore S, Curran-Sebastian J, Tildesley MJ, Lythgoe KA, House T, Pellis L, Keeling MJ. Possible future waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection generated by variants of concern with a range of characteristics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5730. [PMID: 34593807 PMCID: PMC8484271 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral reproduction of SARS-CoV-2 provides opportunities for the acquisition of advantageous mutations, altering viral transmissibility, disease severity, and/or allowing escape from natural or vaccine-derived immunity. We use three mathematical models: a parsimonious deterministic model with homogeneous mixing; an age-structured model; and a stochastic importation model to investigate the effect of potential variants of concern (VOCs). Calibrating to the situation in England in May 2021, we find epidemiological trajectories for putative VOCs are wide-ranging and dependent on their transmissibility, immune escape capability, and the introduction timing of a postulated VOC-targeted vaccine. We demonstrate that a VOC with a substantial transmission advantage over resident variants, or with immune escape properties, can generate a wave of infections and hospitalisations comparable to the winter 2020-2021 wave. Moreover, a variant that is less transmissible, but shows partial immune-escape could provoke a wave of infection that would not be revealed until control measures are further relaxed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Dyson
- The Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology & Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, School of Life Sciences and Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
- Joint Universities Pandemic and Epidemiological Research, .
| | - Edward M Hill
- The Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology & Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, School of Life Sciences and Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Joint Universities Pandemic and Epidemiological Research
| | - Sam Moore
- The Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology & Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, School of Life Sciences and Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Joint Universities Pandemic and Epidemiological Research
| | - Jacob Curran-Sebastian
- Joint Universities Pandemic and Epidemiological Research
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Tildesley
- The Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology & Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, School of Life Sciences and Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Joint Universities Pandemic and Epidemiological Research
| | - Katrina A Lythgoe
- Big Data Institute, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas House
- Joint Universities Pandemic and Epidemiological Research
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- IBM Research, Hartree Centre, Daresbury, United Kingdom
- The Alan Turing Institute for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Pellis
- Joint Universities Pandemic and Epidemiological Research
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- The Alan Turing Institute for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matt J Keeling
- The Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology & Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, School of Life Sciences and Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Joint Universities Pandemic and Epidemiological Research
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Akbaba TH, Bekircan-Kurt CE, Balci-Peynircioglu B, Balci-Hayta B. Biologia Futura: the importance of 3D organoids-a new approach for research on neurological and rare diseases. Biol Futur 2021; 72:281-290. [PMID: 34554549 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-021-00070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
3D cell cultures and organoid approach are increasingly being used for basic research and drug discovery of several diseases. Recent advances in these technologies, enabling research on tissue-like structures created in vitro is very important for the value of the data produced. Application of 3D cultures will not only contribute to advancing basic research, but also help to reduce animal usage in biomedical science. The 3D organoid approach is important for research on diseases where patient tissue is difficult to obtain. Therefore, this review aims to show recent advances in the 3D organoid technology in disease modeling and potential usage in translational and personalized medicine of diseases with limited patient material such as neurological diseases and rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayfun Hilmi Akbaba
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Can Ebru Bekircan-Kurt
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Banu Balci-Peynircioglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Burcu Balci-Hayta
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
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41
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Lorenzen SS, Nielsen M, Jimenez-Solem E, Petersen TS, Perner A, Thorsen-Meyer HC, Igel C, Sillesen M. Using machine learning for predicting intensive care unit resource use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18959. [PMID: 34556789 PMCID: PMC8460747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has put massive strains on hospitals, and tools to guide hospital planners in resource allocation during the ebbs and flows of the pandemic are urgently needed. We investigate whether machine learning (ML) can be used for predictions of intensive care requirements a fixed number of days into the future. Retrospective design where health Records from 42,526 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients in Denmark was extracted. Random Forest (RF) models were trained to predict risk of ICU admission and use of mechanical ventilation after n days (n = 1, 2, …, 15). An extended analysis was provided for n = 5 and n = 10. Models predicted n-day risk of ICU admission with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) between 0.981 and 0.995, and n-day risk of use of ventilation with an ROC-AUC between 0.982 and 0.997. The corresponding n-day forecasting models predicted the needed ICU capacity with a coefficient of determination (R2) between 0.334 and 0.989 and use of ventilation with an R2 between 0.446 and 0.973. The forecasting models performed worst, when forecasting many days into the future (for large n). For n = 5, ICU capacity was predicted with ROC-AUC 0.990 and R2 0.928, and use of ventilator was predicted with ROC-AUC 0.994 and R2 0.854. Random Forest-based modelling can be used for accurate n-day forecasting predictions of ICU resource requirements, when n is not too large.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mads Nielsen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Espen Jimenez-Solem
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Phase IV Unit (Phase4CPH), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tonny Studsgaard Petersen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Perner
- Department of Intensive Care, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christian Igel
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Sillesen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Center for Surgical Translational and Artificial Intelligence Research (CSTAR), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Abstract
The future response of marine ecosystem diversity to continued anthropogenic forcing is poorly constrained. Phytoplankton are a diverse set of organisms that form the base of the marine ecosystem. Currently, ocean biogeochemistry and ecosystem models used for climate change projections typically include only 2-3 phytoplankton types and are, therefore, too simple to adequately assess the potential for changes in plankton community structure. Here, we analyse a complex ecosystem model with 35 phytoplankton types to evaluate the changes in phytoplankton community composition, turnover and size structure over the 21st century. We find that the rate of turnover in the phytoplankton community becomes faster during this century, that is, the community structure becomes increasingly unstable in response to climate change. Combined with alterations to phytoplankton diversity, our results imply a loss of ecological resilience with likely knock-on effects on the productivity and functioning of the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B B Cael
- National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, UK
| | - Stephanie R Allen
- National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, UK
- School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, UK
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth, UK
| | - Stephanie Dutkiewicz
- Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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43
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Oidtman RJ, Omodei E, Kraemer MUG, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Cruz-Rivera E, Misnaza-Castrillón S, Cifuentes MP, Rincon LE, Cañon V, Alarcon PD, España G, Huber JH, Hill SC, Barker CM, Johansson MA, Manore CA, Reiner RC, Rodriguez-Barraquer I, Siraj AS, Frias-Martinez E, García-Herranz M, Perkins TA. Trade-offs between individual and ensemble forecasts of an emerging infectious disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5379. [PMID: 34508077 PMCID: PMC8433472 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Probabilistic forecasts play an indispensable role in answering questions about the spread of newly emerged pathogens. However, uncertainties about the epidemiology of emerging pathogens can make it difficult to choose among alternative model structures and assumptions. To assess the potential for uncertainties about emerging pathogens to affect forecasts of their spread, we evaluated the performance 16 forecasting models in the context of the 2015-2016 Zika epidemic in Colombia. Each model featured a different combination of assumptions about human mobility, spatiotemporal variation in transmission potential, and the number of virus introductions. We found that which model assumptions had the most ensemble weight changed through time. We additionally identified a trade-off whereby some individual models outperformed ensemble models early in the epidemic, but on average the ensembles outperformed all individual models. Our results suggest that multiple models spanning uncertainty across alternative assumptions are necessary to obtain robust forecasts for emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J Oidtman
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
- UNICEF, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | - Moritz U G Kraemer
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guido España
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - John H Huber
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Sarah C Hill
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Christopher M Barker
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicince, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Johansson
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Carrie A Manore
- Information Systems and Modeling (A-1), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Robert C Reiner
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Amir S Siraj
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | | | | | - T Alex Perkins
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
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44
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Walbaum M, Scholes S, Rojas R, Mindell JS, Pizzo E. Projection of the health and economic impacts of Chronic kidney disease in the Chilean population. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256680. [PMID: 34495980 PMCID: PMC8425564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a leading public health problem, with substantial burden and economic implications for healthcare systems, mainly due to renal replacement treatment (RRT) for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The aim of this study is to develop a multistate predictive model to estimate the future burden of CKD in Chile, given the high and rising RRT rates, population ageing, and prevalence of comorbidities contributing to CKD. METHODS A dynamic stock and flow model was developed to simulate CKD progression in the Chilean population aged 40 years and older, up to the year 2041, adopting the perspective of the Chilean public healthcare system. The model included six states replicating progression of CKD, which was assumed in 1-year cycles and was categorised as slow, medium or fast progression, based on the underlying conditions. We simulated two different treatment scenarios. Only direct costs of treatment were included, and a 3% per year discount rate was applied after the first year. We calibrated the model based on international evidence; the exploration of uncertainty (95% credibility intervals) was undertaken with probabilistic sensitivity analysis. RESULTS By the year 2041, there is an expected increase in cases of CKD stages 3a to ESKD, ceteris paribus, from 442,265 (95% UI 441,808-442,722) in 2021 to 735,513 (734,455-736,570) individuals. Direct costs of CKD stages 3a to ESKD would rise from 322.4M GBP (321.7-323.1) in 2021 to 1,038.6M GBP (1,035.5-1,041.8) in 2041. A reduction in the progression rates of the disease by the inclusion of SGLT2 inhibitors and pre-dialysis treatment would decrease the number of individuals worsening to stages 5 and ESKD, thus reducing the total costs of CKD by 214.6M GBP in 2041 to 824.0M GBP (822.7-825.3). CONCLUSIONS This model can be a useful tool for healthcare planning, with development of preventive or treatment plans to reduce and delay the progression of the disease and thus the anticipated increase in the healthcare costs of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Walbaum
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun Scholes
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rubén Rojas
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer S. Mindell
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Pizzo
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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45
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Hanea AM, Wilkinson DP, McBride M, Lyon A, van Ravenzwaaij D, Singleton Thorn F, Gray C, Mandel DR, Willcox A, Gould E, Smith ET, Mody F, Bush M, Fidler F, Fraser H, Wintle BC. Mathematically aggregating experts' predictions of possible futures. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256919. [PMID: 34473784 PMCID: PMC8412308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Structured protocols offer a transparent and systematic way to elicit and combine/aggregate, probabilistic predictions from multiple experts. These judgements can be aggregated behaviourally or mathematically to derive a final group prediction. Mathematical rules (e.g., weighted linear combinations of judgments) provide an objective approach to aggregation. The quality of this aggregation can be defined in terms of accuracy, calibration and informativeness. These measures can be used to compare different aggregation approaches and help decide on which aggregation produces the "best" final prediction. When experts' performance can be scored on similar questions ahead of time, these scores can be translated into performance-based weights, and a performance-based weighted aggregation can then be used. When this is not possible though, several other aggregation methods, informed by measurable proxies for good performance, can be formulated and compared. Here, we develop a suite of aggregation methods, informed by previous experience and the available literature. We differentially weight our experts' estimates by measures of reasoning, engagement, openness to changing their mind, informativeness, prior knowledge, and extremity, asymmetry or granularity of estimates. Next, we investigate the relative performance of these aggregation methods using three datasets. The main goal of this research is to explore how measures of knowledge and behaviour of individuals can be leveraged to produce a better performing combined group judgment. Although the accuracy, calibration, and informativeness of the majority of methods are very similar, a couple of the aggregation methods consistently distinguish themselves as among the best or worst. Moreover, the majority of methods outperform the usual benchmarks provided by the simple average or the median of estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hanea
- MetaMelb Lab, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D P Wilkinson
- MetaMelb Lab, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M McBride
- Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Lyon
- DelphiCloud, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D van Ravenzwaaij
- Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F Singleton Thorn
- MetaMelb Lab, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Gray
- MetaMelb Lab, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D R Mandel
- Cognimotive Consulting Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Willcox
- MetaMelb Lab, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - E Gould
- MetaMelb Lab, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - E T Smith
- MetaMelb Lab, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - F Mody
- MetaMelb Lab, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Bush
- MetaMelb Lab, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - F Fidler
- MetaMelb Lab, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Fraser
- MetaMelb Lab, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - B C Wintle
- MetaMelb Lab, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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46
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Harper KJ. The Future of Nursing Report Set the Stage for Healthier Hoosiers. Nurs Adm Q 2021; 45:46-51. [PMID: 33259370 DOI: 10.1097/naq.0000000000000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction of the Future of Nursing report in 2011, Indiana nursing has successfully implemented many of the recommendations. This article describes these accomplishments. Notable examples include increasing the diversity of the workforce, placement of nurses on community boards and governmental appointments, promoting the advancement of nursing education, and increasing the number of nurses with baccalaureate degrees. Furthermore, Indiana supports the proliferation of new doctoral programs with a scholarship fundraising program to assist nurses with the cost of their education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Harper
- Indiana Action Coalition-Future of Nursing Campaign for Action, Indiana Center for Nursing, Indianapolis; and Nurses on Boards Coalition, Indianapolis, Indiana
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47
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Weberg D. Building the Profession of the Future: Challenging Assumptions. Nurs Adm Q 2021; 45:71-78. [PMID: 33259374 DOI: 10.1097/naq.0000000000000445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Leaders need to have a change framework in order to be successful in building the future of nursing. Health care leaders need to combine their knowledge of culture, technology, and the science of change in order to lead innovation in their organizations. Leaders should also understand the negative behaviors that stop change and kill innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weberg
- Trusted Health, San Francisco, California; The Ohio State University College of Nursing, Columbus, Ohio
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48
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Zolnierek C, Watson JJ, Ruiz D. Texas Team Action Coalition Advancing Health Through Nursing: Past, Present, and Future. Nurs Adm Q 2021; 45:35-45. [PMID: 33259369 DOI: 10.1097/naq.0000000000000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
When the Institute of Medicine released its report, commonly known as the Future of Nursing report, every state was challenged to take on the work of implementing the 8 recommendations. The Texas Team Action Coalition achieved measurable results in many areas; however, sustainability of efforts was challenging due to the volunteer nature of the work. As Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's focus shifted from Advancing Health Through Nursing to Building a Culture of Health for All, the Texas Team sought to realign its work accordingly. This article details initiatives of the Texas Team over the past 10 years and describes current efforts to position itself to champion anticipated recommendations from the 2020-2030 Future of Nursing report from the National Academy of Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Zolnierek
- Texas Nurses Association, Austin (Dr Zolnierek); Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Nursing, Lubbock (Dr Watson); and University of Texas of the Permian Basin College of Nursing, Odessa (Dr Ruiz)
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Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Falls are a devastating complication of cirrhosis. The risk of falls in patients without hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is unclear. Further, bedside tools for predicting falls are lacking. Thus, we aimed to internally validate a predictive model for falls and evaluate the association between incident falls and mortality. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 299 patients with currently compensated Child A-B (70% Child-Pugh A) cirrhosis and portal hypertension without prior HE from 7/2016-8/2018. We followed patients for a median of 1,003 days (IQR 640-1,102) for incident falls accounting for the competing risk of death or transplantation. Candidate baseline fall predictors included patient-reported outcomes (e.g. Short-Form-8), physical function (e.g. chair-stands), blood tests (e.g. model for end-stage liver disease-sodium [MELD-Na] and its components), and cognitive function (using inhibitory control testing). RESULTS During follow-up: 141 (47%) patients experienced falls, with 38 (13%) sustaining injuries, 49 (16%) died and 13 (4%) received transplants. Median time to a fall was 279 (98-595) days. The overall probability of falls was 28.8% and 50.2% at years 1 and 3; the probability of injurious falls was 9.1% and 16.5%, respectively. We derived a predictive model for falls. The FallSSS score (prior falls, chair-stands, sodium, and SF-8) had an AUROC for injurious falls at 6- and 12-months of 0.79 and 0.81, while MELD-Na's AUROC was 0.57 for both. Adjusting for baseline Child-Pugh class, MELD-Na, albumin level, disability status, and comorbidities, both incident falls (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR] 2.76; 95% CI 1.46-5.24) and HE (sHR 4.25; 95% CI 2.15-8.41) were strongly and independently associated with mortality. CONCLUSION Our prospective study of patients with cirrhosis without a baseline history of HE demonstrates that falls are common, morbid, and predictable. These data highlight both the value of expanding screening to patients with cirrhosis and the potential for benefit in studies of interventions to address fall-risk in this vulnerable population. LAY SUMMARY Falls are a devastating complication of cirrhosis. Bedside tools for predicting falls are lacking. We found that falls were very common and often associated with serious injuries. Falls were also associated with an increased risk of death. Falls could be predicted with an algorithm called FallSSS - based on prior history of falls, blood sodium level, number of chair-stands performed in 30 seconds, and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot B Tapper
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Samantha Nikirk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Neehar D Parikh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lilli Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Mollentze N, Babayan SA, Streicker DG. Identifying and prioritizing potential human-infecting viruses from their genome sequences. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001390. [PMID: 34582436 PMCID: PMC8478193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining which animal viruses may be capable of infecting humans is currently intractable at the time of their discovery, precluding prioritization of high-risk viruses for early investigation and outbreak preparedness. Given the increasing use of genomics in virus discovery and the otherwise sparse knowledge of the biology of newly discovered viruses, we developed machine learning models that identify candidate zoonoses solely using signatures of host range encoded in viral genomes. Within a dataset of 861 viral species with known zoonotic status, our approach outperformed models based on the phylogenetic relatedness of viruses to known human-infecting viruses (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.773), distinguishing high-risk viruses within families that contain a minority of human-infecting species and identifying putatively undetected or so far unrealized zoonoses. Analyses of the underpinnings of model predictions suggested the existence of generalizable features of viral genomes that are independent of virus taxonomic relationships and that may preadapt viruses to infect humans. Our model reduced a second set of 645 animal-associated viruses that were excluded from training to 272 high and 41 very high-risk candidate zoonoses and showed significantly elevated predicted zoonotic risk in viruses from nonhuman primates, but not other mammalian or avian host groups. A second application showed that our models could have identified Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a relatively high-risk coronavirus strain and that this prediction required no prior knowledge of zoonotic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-related coronaviruses. Genome-based zoonotic risk assessment provides a rapid, low-cost approach to enable evidence-driven virus surveillance and increases the feasibility of downstream biological and ecological characterization of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nardus Mollentze
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simon A. Babayan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel G. Streicker
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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