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Almolakab ZM, El-Nesr KA, Mohamad Hassanin EH, Elkaffas R, Nabil A. Gene polymorphisms of Interleukin 6 (−174 G/C) and transforming growth factor β-1(+915 G/C) in ovarian cancer patients. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In the study on hand, we investigated the effect of IL-6 (−174 G/C; rs 1800795) and TGF-β1 (+915G/C; rs 1800471) gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility to Ovarian Cancer and their effect on plasma levels. IL-6 (−174 G/C) SNP was analyzed using mutagenically separated polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) while TGF-β1 +915G/C (codon 25) SNP was investigated by the sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to quantify IL-6 and TGF-β1 plasma levels in 48 ovarian cancer patients and 48 normal controls.
Results
Regarding IL 6 (−174 G/C), a significant increase in CC and GC+CC genotypes parallel with the C allele was considered as risk factors for ovarian cancer; on the other hand, the G allele was considered as a protective factor for ovarian cancer. TGF-β1 (+915G/C) investigations showed a significant elevation in GC and GC+CC genotypes which can be considered as a risk factor for ovarian cancer. Plasma IL-6 and TGF-β1 were higher in ovarian cancer patients compared with controls. No specific genotype or allele could be responsible for the elevation of TGF-β1 in ovarian cancer patients’ plasma, while the highest significant value for IL6 in subjects carrying GG and CC genotypes in comparison with GC genotype.
Conclusions
This study supports an association of IL6 (−174G/C) and TGF-β1 (+915G/C) gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility to ovarian cancer.
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Stankovic B, Dragasevic S, Popovic D, Zukic B, Kotur N, Sokic-Milutinovic A, Alempijevic T, Lukic S, Milosavljevic T, Nikcevic G, Pavlovic S. Variations in inflammatory genes as molecular markers for prediction of inflammatory bowel disease occurrence. J Dig Dis 2015; 16:723-33. [PMID: 26316104 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has highlighted genes involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses as contributors to disease pathogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between IBD and variations in NOD2, TLR4, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-1RN genes, and to use the genetic data obtained in predictive modeling. METHODS A total of 167 IBD patients and 101 healthy controls were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Using the genotype data attained as the input to various classification algorithms, IBD prediction models were designed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to measure their performance. RESULTS Significant associations were found between Crohn's disease (CD) and minor NOD2 variants, as well as TLR4 299Gly, TNF-α G-308A, IL-6 G-174C and IL-1RN VNTR A2 variants, while ulcerative colitis (UC) was associated only with IL-1RN VNTR A2 variants. CD and UC showed highly significant difference in the allelic distribution of TNF-α G-308A, where the A allele was found to be related to CD, and the G allele to UC. A combined effect of patients' gender and TLR4 variants was observed among CD patients. When all analyzed genotype and gender data were used, prediction performance achieved a maximum AUROC of 0.690 for CD and 0.601 for UC dataset. CONCLUSION Variations in the genes involved in immune regulation are genetic factors of importance in IBD susceptibility that could potentially be used as predictors of disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Stankovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Dragasevic
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Popovic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Zukic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Kotur
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Sokic-Milutinovic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Alempijevic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snezana Lukic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tomica Milosavljevic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Nikcevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Pavlovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Pavkova Goldbergova M, Nemec P, Lipkova J, Jarkovsky J, Gatterova J, Ambrozkova D, Vasku A, Soucek M, Pavek N. Relation of IL-6, IL-13 and IL-15 gene polymorphisms to the rheumatoid factors, anti-CCP and other measures of rheumatoid arthritis activity. Int J Immunogenet 2013; 41:34-40. [DOI: 10.1111/iji.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Pavkova Goldbergova
- Institute of Pathological Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - P. Nemec
- Rheumatology Division; St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - J. Lipkova
- Institute of Pathological Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - J. Jarkovsky
- Institute of Pathological Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - J. Gatterova
- Institute of Rheumatology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - D. Ambrozkova
- Institute of Pathological Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - A. Vasku
- Institute of Pathological Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - M. Soucek
- Rheumatology Division; St. Anne's University Hospital Brno; Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - N. Pavek
- Institute of Anatomy; Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
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Tindall EA, Severi G, Hoang HN, Southey MC, English DR, Hopper JL, Giles GG, Hayes VM. Interleukin-6 promoter variants, prostate cancer risk, and survival. Prostate 2012; 72:1701-7. [PMID: 22782910 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation has been implicated in prostate cancer (PCa) pathogenesis. Promoter DNA variants responsible for differential expression of key cytokines may therefore influence susceptibility to PCa. METHODS Two interleukin-6 (IL-6) promoter variants, -174G>C and -6331T>C, were genotyped for association with PCa risk and survival using the Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer Study (RFPCS, 825 cases and 732 controls) and the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS, 818 cases and 1,745 controls). Impact of genotypes on IL-6 transcriptional activity was measured using Low Density Arrays. RESULTS A significant increase in IL-6 transcriptional activity in malignant compared to benign prostate tissue supports a role for IL-6 in PCa. The -174G>C variant showed no association with PCa risk, overall survival, or IL-6 transcriptional activity. The -6331 C-allele was significantly associated with an increased risk in the RFPCS (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.08-1.54), but not in the MCCS. In the MCCS however, cases presenting with a CC genotype conferred a higher risk of mortality (HR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.34-3.85), which was maintained although reduced overall in the pooled analysis with RFPCS (HR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.10-2.54). Furthermore, we associate the minor C-allele with a significant decrease in IL-6 transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS While our study refutes a role for IL-6 -174G>C, it is the first to implicate -6331T>C with PCa risk and poor survival. Our observation that -6331T>C has a significant impact on IL-6 transcriptional activity, calls for further investigations into the role of this variant as a novel PCa biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Tindall
- Cancer Genetics Group, Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
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5
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Pera J, Dziedzic T, Adamski M, Jagiella J, Krupa M, Moskala M, Szczudlik A, Slowik A. Interleukin 6-174G>C polymorphism and risk of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: case-control study and meta-analysis. Acta Neurol Scand 2012; 125:111-5. [PMID: 21410438 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2011.01505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vascular inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Interleukin 6 (IL6) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in many vascular pathologies. Two studies analyzing an association of the functional IL6 gene -174G>C promoter polymorphism with aSAH provided inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this IL6 polymorphism is associated with aSAH in a Polish population. MATERIAL AND METHODS We genotyped 276 aSAH patients and 581 unrelated control subjects. All were of Caucasian origin. In addition, a meta-analysis combining results of the current and previously published studies was conducted. RESULTS The distribution of IL6 genotypes and alleles did not differ significantly between aSAH (GG - 29.7%, GC - 50.0%, CC - 20.2%, G - 54.7%) and control subjects (GG - 32.0%, GC - 47.3%, CC - 20.7%, G - 44.3%). In the meta-analysis, the IL6-174G>C polymorphism was not associated with aSAH risk either. CONCLUSIONS We failed to find an association between the IL6 -174G>C polymorphism and aSAH in analyzed European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pera
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
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Giachelia M, Voso MT, Tisi MC, Martini M, Bozzoli V, Massini G, D'Aló F, Larocca LM, Leone G, Hohaus S. Interleukin-6 plasma levels are modulated by a polymorphism in the NF-κB1 gene and are associated with outcome following rituximab-combined chemotherapy in diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 53:411-6. [PMID: 21902578 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.621566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral blood cytokines are known prognostic parameters in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with chemotherapy, but their role after the introduction of rituximab is unknown. Seven polymorphisms in the promoter regions of IL-6, IL-10 and NF-κB1 genes were assessed in 167 patients with DLBCL and 99 controls and correlated with interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 plasma levels. Outcome was analyzed in 137 patients treated with rituximab-based chemotherapy. The NF-κB1 - 94ATTG deletion was associated with increased IL-6 and IL-10 in DLBCL. High IL-6 concentration correlated with unfavorable prognostic factors included in the international prognostic index (IPI) and predicted for inferior progression-free (p = 0.007) and overall survival (p = 0.02). IL-6 levels remained a significant outcome predictor also including IPI as a covariate (p = 0.006 for progression-free survival). Our data suggest that the NF-κB1 genetic background influences IL-6 production in DLBCL, and that high IL-6 concentration is an independent prognostic factor also in the "rituximab era."
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Vallance K, Yang J, Li J, Crabtree VM, Hinds PS, Mandrell BN. Disturbed Sleep in Pediatric Patients With Leukemia: The Potential Role of Interleukin-6 (-174GC) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (-308GA) Polymorphism. Oncol Nurs Forum 2011; 38:E365-72. [DOI: 10.1188/11.onf.e365-e372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Nokso-Koivisto J, Patel JA, Chonmaitree T. IL-6 -174 c/c genotype is not conclusively a low IL-6 production phenotype. J Infect Dis 2011; 203:1876-8. [PMID: 21606547 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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9
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Emonts M, Hazes MJMW, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, van der Gaast-de Jongh CE, de Vogel L, Han HKH, Wouters JMGW, Laman JD, Dolhain RJEM. Polymorphisms in genes controlling inflammation and tissue repair in rheumatoid arthritis: a case control study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:36. [PMID: 21385363 PMCID: PMC3060109 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Various cytokines and inflammatory mediators are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We hypothesized that polymorphisms in selected inflammatory response and tissue repair genes contribute to the susceptibility to and severity of RA. Methods Polymorphisms in TNFA, IL1B, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, PAI1, NOS2a, C1INH, PARP, TLR2 and TLR4 were genotyped in 376 Caucasian RA patients and 463 healthy Caucasian controls using single base extension. Genotype distributions in patients were compared with those in controls. In addition, the association of polymorphisms with the need for anti-TNF-α treatment as a marker of RA severity was assessed. Results The IL8 781 CC genotype was associated with early onset of disease. The TNFA -238 G/A polymorphism was differentially distributed between RA patients and controls, but only when not corrected for age and gender. None of the polymorphisms was associated with disease severity. Conclusions We here report an association between IL8 781 C/T polymorphism and age of onset of RA. Our findings indicate that there might be a role for variations in genes involved in the immune response and in tissue repair in RA pathogenesis. Nevertheless, additional larger genomic and functional studies are required to further define their role in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Emonts
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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10
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Doyle WJ, Casselbrant ML, Li-Korotky HS, Doyle APC, Lo CY, Turner R, Cohen S. The interleukin 6 -174 C/C genotype predicts greater rhinovirus illness. J Infect Dis 2010; 201:199-206. [PMID: 20001857 PMCID: PMC2943745 DOI: 10.1086/649559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. In adults and children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, a polymorphism in the interleukin 6 (IL-6) promoter at position −174 predicts illness magnitude. In addition, polymorphisms in the interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interferon γ (IFN-γ) genes are associated with immune responsiveness and the frequency of complications. Here, the effect of these polymorphisms on illness and seroconversion during infection with rhinovirus type 39 (RV39) was evaluated. Methods. Seventy-two adults were genotyped for the selected polymorphisms, experimentally exposed to RV39, and followed to track infection, seroconversion, and symptoms and signs of illness. Regression analysis was used to determine whether these polymorphisms predicted seroconversion and illness magnitude in 57 infected subjects. Results. The low-production IL-6 −174 phenotype (C/C genotype) was associated with greater symptom magnitudes, and the IFN-γ phenotype +874 predicted the frequency of seroconversion. No relationship between the IL-10 or TNF-α polymorphisms and any measured outcome was documented. The concentration of IL-6 protein, as measured in nasal wash fluids from subjects, was positively correlated with symptom magnitude, but it was independent of the IL-6 −174 genotypes representing the high- and low-production phenotypes. Conclusions. These results document statistically significant associations between the IL-6 −174 and IFN-gγpolymorphisms and specific responses to experimental RV39 infection. For the IL-6 −174 polymorphism, the results replicate those for experimental RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Doyle
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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11
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Fairfax BP, Vannberg FO, Radhakrishnan J, Hakonarson H, Keating BJ, Hill AVS, Knight JC. An integrated expression phenotype mapping approach defines common variants in LEP, ALOX15 and CAPNS1 associated with induction of IL-6. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 19:720-30. [PMID: 19942621 PMCID: PMC2807371 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important modulator of inflammation and immunity whose dysregulation is associated with a number of disease states. There is evidence of significant heritability in inter-individual variation in IL6 gene expression but the genetic variants responsible for this remain to be defined. We adopted a combined approach of mapping protein and expression quantitative trait loci in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing for ∼2000 loci implicated in cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammatory syndromes to show that common SNP markers and haplotypes of LEP (encoding leptin) associate with a 1.7- to 2-fold higher level of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-6 expression. We subsequently demonstrate that basal leptin expression significantly correlates with LPS-induced IL-6 expression and that the same variants at LEP which associate with IL-6 expression are also major determinants of leptin expression in these cells. We find that variation involving two other genomic regions, CAPNS1 (encoding calpain small subunit 1) and ALOX15 (encoding arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase), show significant association with IL-6 expression. Although this may be a subset of all such trans-acting effects, we find that the same ALOX15 variants are associated with induced expression of tumour necrosis factor and IL-1beta consistent with a broader role in acute inflammation for ALOX15. This study provides evidence of novel genetic determinants of IL-6 production with implications for understanding susceptibility to inflammatory disease processes and insight into cross talk between metabolic and inflammatory pathways. It also provides proof of concept for use of an integrated expression phenotype mapping approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Fairfax
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
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12
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Fornage M, Chiang YA, O'Meara ES, Psaty BM, Reiner AP, Siscovick DS, Tracy RP, Longstreth WT. Biomarkers of Inflammation and MRI-Defined Small Vessel Disease of the Brain: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke 2008; 39:1952-9. [PMID: 18436879 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.107.508135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To clarify the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of small vessel disease of the brain, we investigated the association between common variation in the C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 genes, plasma CRP and IL6 levels, and presence of MRI-defined white matter lesions (WML) and brain infarcts (BI) in elderly participants of the Cardiovascular Health Study. METHODS Tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CRP and IL6 genes were selected from the SeattleSNPs database. In cross-sectional analyses, logistic regression models adjusting for known cardiovascular disease risk factors were constructed to assess the associations of plasma CRP and IL6 levels and common CRP and IL6 gene haplotypes with presence of WML or BI in Blacks (n=532) and Whites (n=2905). RESULTS Plasma IL6 and CRP levels were associated with presence of WML and BI in both races. In Whites, common haplotypes of the IL6 gene were significantly associated with WML and BI. The common haplotype tagged by the -174G/C promoter polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of WML (OR=1.14; 95% CI: [1.02; 1.28]). The common haplotype tagged by the -572G/C promoter polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of BI (OR=1.57; 95% CI: [1.15; 2.14]). Significant associations were lacking for WML or BI with IL6 gene variation in Blacks, or with CRP gene variation in either race. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of a genetic basis underlying the relationship between plasma biomarkers of inflammation and small vessel disease of the brain. Further studies to elucidate the specific role of IL6 in disease pathogenesis are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Whelan LC, Power KAR, McDowell DT, Kennedy J, Gallagher WM. Applications of SELDI-MS technology in oncology. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 12:1535-47. [PMID: 18266982 PMCID: PMC3918069 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable interest, speculation and controversy have been generated utilising surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization in conjunction with mass spectrometry (SELDI-MS) for the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic monitoring of cancer and offers an attractive approach to cancer biomarker discovery from tissues and biological fluids. This technology utilises a combination of mass spectrometry and chromatography to facilitate protein profiling of complex biological mixtures. Compared to some other more traditional proteomic platforms, such as 2D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, it has a high-throughput capability and can resolve low-mass proteins. However, a considerable number of challenging issues related to the design of studies, including reproducibility, sensitivity, specificity, variation in sample collection, processing and storage, have been reported as problematic with this technology; albeit some of these concerns could perhaps also be lauded against other proteomic approaches that have attempted to address complex protein mixtures, such as plasma. Applications, successes and limitations of SELDI-MS in both clinical and basic science arenas will be reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Whelan
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Nelsestuen GL, Harvey SB, Zhang Y, Kasthuri RS, Sinaiko AR, Ely EW, Bernard GR, Homoncik M, Jilma B. Top-down proteomic analysis by MALDI-TOF profiling: Concentration-independent biomarkers. Proteomics Clin Appl 2008; 2:158-66. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200780107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Genetic susceptibility studies of lymphoma may serve to identify at risk populations and clarify important disease mechanisms. This review considered all studies published through October 2006 on the contribution of genetic polymorphisms in the risk of lymphoma. Numerous studies implicate the role of genetic variants that promote B-cell survival and growth with increased risk of lymphoma. Several reports including a large pooled study by InterLymph, an international consortium of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) case-control studies, found positive associations between variant alleles in TNF -308G>A and IL10 -3575T>A genes and risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Four studies reported positive associations between a GSTT1 deletion and risk of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Genetic studies of folate-metabolizing genes implicate folate in NHL risk, but further studies that include folate and alcohol intakes are needed. Links between NHL and genes involved in energy regulation and hormone production and metabolism may provide insights into novel mechanisms implicating neuro- and endocrine-immune cross-talk with lymphomagenesis. However, this links will need replication in larger populations. Numerous studies suggest that common genetic variants with low penetrance influence lymphoma risk, though replication studies will be needed to eliminate false positive associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine F. Skibola
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, 140 Warren Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
- Address for correspondence: Christine Skibola, Ph.D. School of Public Health 140 Earl Warren Hall University of California Berkeley, California 94720-7360 USA (510) 643-5041 tel Alexandra Nieters, PhD, MPH Molecular Tumour Epidemiology Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 69120 Heidelberg Germany +49 6221 422221 tel
| | - John D. Curry
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Address for correspondence: Christine Skibola, Ph.D. School of Public Health 140 Earl Warren Hall University of California Berkeley, California 94720-7360 USA (510) 643-5041 tel Alexandra Nieters, PhD, MPH Molecular Tumour Epidemiology Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 69120 Heidelberg Germany +49 6221 422221 tel
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Kiszel P, Makó V, Prohászka Z, Cervenak L. Interleukin-6 -174 promoter polymorphism does not influence IL-6 production after LPS and IL-1 beta stimulation in human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells. Cytokine 2007; 40:17-22. [PMID: 17869127 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Revised: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 08/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The IL-6 is a typical pleiotropic cytokine, which regulates T cell response, B cell differentiation and immunoglobulin production. Endothelial cells can produce large amounts of IL-6. SNP at position -174 (G/C) in the IL-6 promoter region was found to be associated with a series of complex diseases. In this study we analyzed whether IL-6 -174 G/C polymorphism has any effect on IL-6 production of in vitro cultured HUVECs. Thirty-three fresh umbilical cords were recruited from healthy pregnancies. The endothelial cells isolated from human umbilical cords were genotyped for IL-6 -174 SNP. C allele frequency was 0.379. The IL-6 production of each primary HUVEC line was measured after IL-1beta or LPS treatment by ELISA. Serial dilutions of the stimulating agents were applied and maximum amount of produced IL-6 (R(max)) and stimulator concentrations at half-maximal IL-6 response (MR(50)) were calculated for each of the cell lines. IL-6 production was not associated with IL-6 -174 SNP genotypes or with presence of C allele. Our results showed that IL-6 production of HUVEC after proinflammatory stimulation was not influenced by IL-6 -174 SNP. Further functional studies are required to compare differences and similarities in IL-6 -174 SNP dependent expression of IL-6 among various cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kiszel
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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