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Soto Perezchica MM, Guerrero Barrera AL, Avelar Gonzalez FJ, Quezada Tristan T, Macias Marin O. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, surface proteins and virulence: a review. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1276712. [PMID: 38098987 PMCID: PMC10720984 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1276712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) is a globally distributed Gram-negative bacterium that produces porcine pleuropneumonia. This highly contagious disease produces high morbidity and mortality in the swine industry. However, no effective vaccine exists to prevent it. The infection caused by App provokes characteristic lesions, such as edema, inflammation, hemorrhage, and necrosis, that involve different virulence factors. The colonization and invasion of host surfaces involved structures and proteins such as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), pili, flagella, adhesins, outer membrane proteins (OMPs), also participates proteases, autotransporters, and lipoproteins. The recent findings on surface structures and proteins described in this review highlight them as potential immunogens for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- María M. Soto Perezchica
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Alma L. Guerrero Barrera
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Francisco J. Avelar Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Estudios Ambientales, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Teodulo Quezada Tristan
- Departamento de Ciencias Veterinaria, Centro de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Osvaldo Macias Marin
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
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Outer Membrane Vesicles of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Exert Immunomodulatory Effects on Porcine Alveolar Macrophages. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0181922. [PMID: 36040198 PMCID: PMC9602539 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01819-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spontaneously released by Gram-negative bacteria, including Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, which causes contagious pleuropneumonia in pigs and leads to considerable economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. A. pleuropneumoniae OMVs have previously been demonstrated to contain Apx toxins and proteases, as well as antigenic proteins. Nevertheless, comprehensive characterizations of their contents and interactions with host immune cells have not been made. Understanding the protein compositions and immunomodulating ability of A. pleuropneumoniae OMVs could help illuminate their biological functions and facilitate the development of OMV-based applications. In the current investigation, we comprehensively characterized the proteome of native A. pleuropneumoniae OMVs. Moreover, we qualitatively and quantitatively compared the OMV proteomes of a wild-type strain and three mutant strains, in which relevant genes were disrupted to increase OMV production and/or produce OMVs devoid of superantigen PalA. Furthermore, the interaction between A. pleuropneumoniae OMVs and porcine alveolar macrophages was also characterized. Our results indicate that native OMVs spontaneously released by A. pleuropneumoniae MIDG2331 appeared to dampen the innate immune responses by porcine alveolar macrophages stimulated by either inactivated or live parent cells. The findings suggest that OMVs may play a role in manipulating the porcine defense during the initial phases of the A. pleuropneumoniae infection. IMPORTANCE Owing to their built-in adjuvanticity and antigenicity, bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are gaining increasing attention as potential vaccines for both human and animal use. OMVs released by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, an important respiratory pathogen in pigs, have also been investigated for vaccine development. Our previous studies have shown that A. pleuropneumoniae secretes OMVs containing multiple immunogenic proteins. However, immunization of pigs with these vesicles was not able to relieve the pig lung lesions induced by the challenge with A. pleuropneumoniae, implying the elusive roles that A. pleuropneumoniae OMVs play in host-pathogen interaction. Here, we showed that A. pleuropneumoniae secretes OMVs whose yield and protein content can be altered by the deletion of the nlpI and palA genes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that A. pleuropneumoniae OMVs dampen the immune responses in porcine alveolar macrophages stimulated by A. pleuropneumoniae cells, suggesting a novel mechanism that A. pleuropneumoniae might use to evade host defense.
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Donà V, Ramette A, Perreten V. Comparative genomics of 26 complete circular genomes of 18 different serotypes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 35196217 PMCID: PMC8942016 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium of the family Pasteurellaceae causing pig pleuropneumonia associated with great economic losses worldwide. Nineteen serotypes with distinctive lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and capsular (CPS) compositions have been described so far, yet complete circular genomes are publicly available only for the reference strains of serotypes 1, 4 and 5b, and for field strains of serotypes 1, 3, 7 and 8. We aimed to complete this picture by sequencing the reference strains of 17 different serotypes with the MinION sequencer (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, ONT) and on an Illumina HiSeq (Illumina) platform. We also included two field isolates of serotypes 2 and 3 that were PacBio- and MinION-sequenced, respectively. Genome assemblies were performed following two different strategies, i.e. PacBio- or ONT-only de novo assemblies polished with Illumina reads or a hybrid assembly by directly combining ONT and Illumina reads. Both methods proved successful in obtaining accurate circular genomes with comparable qualities. blast-based genome comparisons and core-genome phylogeny based on core genes, SNP typing and multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) of the 26 circular genomes indicated well-conserved genomes across the 18 different serotypes, differing mainly in phage insertions, and CPS, LPS and RTX-toxin clusters, which, consistently, encode serotype-specific antigens. We also identified small antibiotic resistance plasmids, and complete subtype I-F and subtype II-C CRISPR-Cas systems. Of note, highly similar clusters encoding all those serotype-specific traits were also found in other pathogenic and commensal Actinobacillus species. Taken together with the presence of transposable elements surrounding these loci, we speculate a dynamic intra- and interspecies exchange of such virulence-related factors by horizontal gene transfer. In conclusion, our comprehensive genomics analysis provides useful information for diagnostic test and vaccine development, but also for whole-genome-based epidemiological studies, as well as for the surveillance of the evolution of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Donà
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alban Ramette
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Perreten
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Nahar N, Turni C, Tram G, Blackall PJ, Atack JM. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: The molecular determinants of virulence and pathogenesis. Adv Microb Physiol 2021; 78:179-216. [PMID: 34147185 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, is responsible for high economic losses in swine herds across the globe. Pleuropneumonia is characterized by severe respiratory distress and high mortality. The knowledge about the interaction between bacterium and host within the porcine respiratory tract has improved significantly in recent years. A. pleuropneumoniae expresses multiple virulence factors, which are required for colonization, immune clearance, and tissue damage. Although vaccines are used to protect swine herds against A. pleuropneumoniae infection, they do not offer complete coverage, and often only protect against the serovar, or serovars, used to prepare the vaccine. This review will summarize the role of individual A. pleuropneumoniae virulence factors that are required during key stages of pathogenesis and disease progression, and highlight progress made toward developing effective and broadly protective vaccines against an organism of great importance to global agriculture and food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Nahar
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Conny Turni
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Greg Tram
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Patrick J Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
| | - John M Atack
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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Cao Y, Gao L, Zhang L, Zhou L, Yang J, Deng L, Zhao J, Qi C, Liu J. Genome-wide screening of lipoproteins in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae identifies three antigens that confer protection against virulent challenge. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2343. [PMID: 32047221 PMCID: PMC7012816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an important veterinary pathogen that causes porcine pleuropneumonia. Lipoproteins of bacterial pathogens play pleiotropic roles in the infection process. In addition, many bacterial lipoproteins are antigenic and immunoprotective. Therefore, characterization of lipoproteins is a promising strategy for identification of novel vaccine candidates or diagnostic markers. We cloned 58 lipoproteins from A. pleuropneumoniae JL03 (serovar 3) and expressed them in Escherichia coli. Five proteins with strong positive signals in western blotting analysis were used to immunize mice. These proteins elicited significant antibody responses, and three of them (APJL_0922, APJL_1380 and APJL_1976) generated efficient immunoprotection in mice against lethal heterologous challenge with A. pleuropneumoniae 4074 (serovar 1), both in the active and passive immunization assays. Then immunogenicity of these three lipoproteins (APJL_0922, APJL_1380 and APJL_1976) were further tested in pigs. Results showed that these proteins elicited considerable humoral immune responses and effective protective immunity against virulent A. pleuropneumoniae challenge. Our findings suggest that these three novel lipoproteins could be potential subunit vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurou Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Lulu Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Lixiang Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Jihong Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Lingfu Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Chao Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China.
| | - Jinlin Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China.
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Antenucci F, Magnowska Z, Nimtz M, Roesch C, Jänsch L, Bojesen AM. Immunoproteomic characterization of outer membrane vesicles from hyper-vesiculating Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet Microbiol 2019; 235:188-194. [PMID: 31383301 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are produced and secreted virtually by every known Gram-negative bacterium. Despite their non-live nature, they share antigenic characteristics with the bacteria they originate from. This, together with their relative ease of purification, casts the OMVs as a very promising and flexible tool in both human and veterinary vaccinology. The aim of the current work was to get an insight into the antigenic pattern of OMVs from the pig pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in the context of vaccine development. Accordingly, we designed a protocol combining 2D Western Blotting and mass spectrometric identification to robustly characterize the antigenic protein pattern of the vesicles. Our analysis revealed that A. pleuropneumoniae OMVs carry several immunoreactive virulence factors. Some of these proteins, LpoA, OsmY and MIDG2331_02184, have never previously been documented as antigenic in A. pleuropneumoniae or other pathogenic bacteria. Additionally, we showed that despite their relative abundance, proteins such as FrpB and DegQ do not contribute to the antigenic profile of A. pleuropneumoniae OMVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Antenucci
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frb. C., 1-20, Building: 301, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Zofia Magnowska
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frb. C., 1-20, Building: 301, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Manfred Nimtz
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Camille Roesch
- Izon Science Ltd, Batiment Laennec, 60 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France.
| | - Lothar Jänsch
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Anders Miki Bojesen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frb. C., 1-20, Building: 301, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Comparative bioinformatic and proteomic approaches to evaluate the outer membrane proteome of the fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri. J Proteomics 2019; 199:135-147. [PMID: 30831250 PMCID: PMC6447952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is the aetiological agent of enteric redmouth (ERM) disease and is responsible for significant economic losses in farmed salmonids. Enteric redmouth disease is associated primarily with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) but its incidence in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is increasing. Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Gram-negative bacteria are located at the host-pathogen interface and play important roles in virulence. The outer membrane of Y. ruckeri is poorly characterised and little is known about its composition and the roles of individual OMPs in virulence. Here, we employed a bioinformatic pipeline to first predict the OMP composition of Y. ruckeri. Comparative proteomic approaches were subsequently used to identify those proteins expressed in vitro in eight representative isolates recovered from Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. One hundred and forty-one OMPs were predicted from four Y. ruckeri genomes and 77 of these were identified in three or more genomes and were considered as “core” proteins. Gel-free and gel-based proteomic approaches together identified 65 OMPs in a single reference isolate and subsequent gel-free analysis identified 64 OMPs in the eight Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout isolates. Together, our gel-free and gel-based proteomic analyses identified 84 unique OMPs in Y. ruckeri. Significance Yersinia ruckeri is an important pathogen of Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout and is of major economic significance to the aquaculture industry worldwide. Disease outbreaks are becoming more problematic in Atlantic salmon and there is an urgent need to investigate in further detail the cell-surface (outer membrane) composition of strains infecting each of these host species. Currently, the outer membrane of Y. ruckeri is poorly characterised and very little is known about the OMP composition of strains infecting each of these salmonid species. This study represents the most comprehensive comparative outer membrane proteomic analysis of Y. ruckeri to date, encompassing isolates of different biotypes, serotypes, OMP-types and hosts of origin and provides insights into the potential roles of these diverse proteins in host-pathogen interactions. The study has identified key OMPs likely to be involved in disease pathogenesis and makes a significant contribution to furthering our understanding of the cell-surface composition of this important fish pathogen that will be relevant to the development of improved vaccines and therapeutics. Most complete comparative outer membrane proteomic analysis of Y. ruckeri to date Comprised isolates of different biotypes, serotypes, OMP-types and hosts of origin One hundred and forty-one OMPs were predicted from four Y. ruckeri genomes. Gel-free and gel-based proteomic analyses identified 84 unique OMPs in Y. ruckeri. Key OMPs likely to be involved in disease pathogenesis identified. Elucidates potential roles of these diverse proteins in host-pathogen interactions. Furthers our understanding of the cell-surface composition of an important pathogen.
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Liu J, Cao Y, Gao L, Zhang L, Gong S, Yang J, Zhao H, Yang D, Zhao J, Meng J, Gao Q, Qi C. Outer Membrane Lipoprotein Lip40 Modulates Adherence, Colonization, and Virulence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1472. [PMID: 30018613 PMCID: PMC6038445 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lipoproteins are a set of membrane proteins with various functions; many of which are virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria. In the present study, we investigated the role of an outer membrane lipoprotein Lip40 in the pathogenesis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. A mutant strain (Δlip40) lacking Lip40 and a complemented strain (CΔlip40) were constructed. Δlip40 exhibited reduced adherence to the St. Jude porcine lung cells. The ability of the Δlip40 mutant to colonize the mouse lung tissues was significantly impaired compared to that of the wild type and complementation strains. Furthermore, an infection assay revealed that pigs infected with Δlip40 showed fewer clinical signs and lung lesions, indicating that Lip40 contributed to the development of porcine pleuropneumonia. Collectively, our data suggest that Lip40 is involved in the virulence of A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yurou Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lulu Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siying Gong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haobin Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dengfu Yang
- Lichuan Municipal Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Lichuan, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianzhong Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qishuang Gao
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Cell Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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IcmF and DotU are required for the virulence of Acidovorax oryzae strain RS-1. Arch Microbiol 2018; 200:897-910. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Baliga P, Shekar M, Venugopal MN. Potential Outer Membrane Protein Candidates for Vaccine Development Against the Pathogen Vibrio anguillarum: A Reverse Vaccinology Based Identification. Curr Microbiol 2017; 75:368-377. [PMID: 29119233 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1390-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reverse vaccinology is a widely used approach that has facilitated the rapid identification of vaccine candidates suitable in vaccine development for pathogens. Vibrio anguillarum is a major pathogen responsible for vibriosis in fish and shellfish leading to huge economic losses to the aquaculture industry. Although commercial vaccines are available for fish against this bacterium they have their own limitations. In this study, we used the reverse vaccinology strategy to screen and identify V. anguillarum outer membrane proteins (OMPs) that could serve as vaccine candidates. Our analysis identified 23 antigenic outer membrane proteins which were highly conserved (>98% identity) across serovars of this bacterium. Of the 23, two were identified as outer membrane lipoproteins. Among the OMPs identified 18 were novel to this study and conserved across several Vibrio spp. with an identity of 21-93%. While the least (>48%) identity was observed for V. anguillarum ferrichrome-iron transporter protein, the highest identity (>80%) was seen for outer membrane proteins OmpK, BamA, OmpU, Fatty acid transporter, and two hypothetical proteins. These potential vaccine targets identified could contribute to the development of effective vaccine not only against V. anguillarum but also across other Vibrio spp. In addition, several B-cell and T-cell epitopes were predicted for the novel OMPs in this study which could aid in narrowing down peptide selection in designing a suitable epitope-based vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Baliga
- Department of Fisheries Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, 575 002, India
| | - Malathi Shekar
- Department of Fisheries Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, 575 002, India.
| | - Moleyur Nagarajappa Venugopal
- Department of Fisheries Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, 575 002, India
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Poppleton DI, Duchateau M, Hourdel V, Matondo M, Flechsler J, Klingl A, Beloin C, Gribaldo S. Outer Membrane Proteome of Veillonella parvula: A Diderm Firmicute of the Human Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1215. [PMID: 28713344 PMCID: PMC5491611 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Veillonella parvula is a biofilm-forming commensal found in the lungs, vagina, mouth, and gastro-intestinal tract of humans, yet it may develop into an opportunistic pathogen. Furthermore, the presence of Veillonella has been associated with the development of a healthy immune system in infants. Veillonella belongs to the Negativicutes, a diverse clade of bacteria that represent an evolutionary enigma: they phylogenetically belong to Gram-positive (monoderm) Firmicutes yet maintain an outer membrane (OM) with lipopolysaccharide similar to classic Gram-negative (diderm) bacteria. The OMs of Negativicutes have unique characteristics including the replacement of Braun's lipoprotein by OmpM for tethering the OM to the peptidoglycan. Through phylogenomic analysis, we have recently provided bioinformatic annotation of the Negativicutes diderm cell envelope. We showed that it is a unique type of envelope that was present in the ancestor of present-day Firmicutes and lost multiple times independently in this phylum, giving rise to the monoderm architecture; however, little experimental data is presently available for any Negativicutes cell envelope. Here, we performed the first experimental proteomic characterization of the cell envelope of a diderm Firmicute, producing an OM proteome of V. parvula. We initially conducted a thorough bioinformatics analysis of all 1,844 predicted proteins from V. parvula DSM 2008's genome using 12 different localization prediction programs. These results were complemented by protein extraction with surface exposed (SE) protein tags and by subcellular fractionation, both of which were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The merging of proteomics and bioinformatics results allowed identification of 78 OM proteins. These include a number of receptors for TonB-dependent transport, the main component of the BAM system for OM protein biogenesis (BamA), the Lpt system component LptD, which is responsible for insertion of LPS into the OM, and several copies of the major OmpM protein. The annotation of V. parvula's OM proteome markedly extends previous inferences on the nature of the cell envelope of Negativicutes, including the experimental evidence of a BAM/TAM system for OM protein biogenesis and of a complete Lpt system for LPS transport to the OM. It also provides important information on the role of OM components in the lifestyle of Veillonella, such as a possible gene cluster for O-antigen synthesis and a large number of adhesins. Finally, many OM hypothetical proteins were identified, which are priority targets for further characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I. Poppleton
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles, Département de Microbiologie, Institut PasteurParis, France
| | - Magalie Duchateau
- Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse Structurale et Protéomique, Plateforme Protéomique, Départment de Biologie Structurale et Chime, Institut Pasteur, USR 2000 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueParis, France
| | - Véronique Hourdel
- Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse Structurale et Protéomique, Plateforme Protéomique, Départment de Biologie Structurale et Chime, Institut Pasteur, USR 2000 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueParis, France
| | - Mariette Matondo
- Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse Structurale et Protéomique, Plateforme Protéomique, Départment de Biologie Structurale et Chime, Institut Pasteur, USR 2000 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueParis, France
| | - Jennifer Flechsler
- Pflanzliche Entwicklungsbiologie und Elektronenmikroskopie, Department I. Botanik, Biozentrum der LMU MünchenPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas Klingl
- Pflanzliche Entwicklungsbiologie und Elektronenmikroskopie, Department I. Botanik, Biozentrum der LMU MünchenPlanegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christophe Beloin
- Unité de Génétique des Biofilms, Département de Microbiologie, Institut PasteurParis, France
| | - Simonetta Gribaldo
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles, Département de Microbiologie, Institut PasteurParis, France
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Zhao L, Gao X, Liu C, Lv X, Jiang N, Zheng S. Deletion of the vacJ gene affects the biology and virulence in Haemophilus parasuis serovar 5. Gene 2016; 603:42-53. [PMID: 27988234 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is an important pathogen causing severe infections in pigs. However, the specific bacterial factors that participate in pathogenic process are poorly understood. VacJ protein is a recently discovered outer membrane lipoprotein that relates to virulence in several pathogens. To characterize the function of the vacJ gene in H. parasuis virulent strain HS49, a vacJ gene-deletion mutant ΔvacJ and its complemented strain were constructed. Our findings supported that VacJ is essential for maintenance of cellular integrity and stress tolerance of H. parasuis, by the demonstrations that the ΔvacJ mutant showed morphological change, increased NPN fluorescence and, and decreased resistance to SDS-EDTA, osmotic and oxidation pressure. The increased susceptibility to several antibiotics in the ΔvacJ mutant further suggested that the stability of the outer membrane was impaired as a result of the mutation in the vacJ gene. Compared to the wild-type strain, the ΔvacJ mutant strain caused a decreased survival ratio from the serum and complement killing, and exhibited a significant decrease ability to adhere to and invade PK-15 cell. In addition, the ΔvacJ mutant showed reduced biofilm formation compared to the wild-type strain. Furthermore, the ΔvacJ was attenuated in a murine (Balb/C) model of infection and its LD50 value was approximately fifteen-fold higher than that of the wild-type or complementation strain. The data obtained in this study indicate that vacJ plays an essential role in maintaining outer membrane integrity, stress tolerance, biofilm formation, serum resistance, and adherence to and invasion of host cells related to H. parasuis and further suggest a putative role of VacJ lipoprotein in virulence regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyou Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China; Drug Safety Evaluation Center of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueli Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaonan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, People's Republic of China
| | - Shimin Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Outer membrane lipoprotein VacJ is required for the membrane integrity, serum resistance and biofilm formation of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet Microbiol 2015; 183:1-8. [PMID: 26790928 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The outer membrane proteins of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae are mediators of infection, acting as targets for the host's defense system. The outer membrane lipoprotein VacJ is involved in serum resistance and intercellular spreading in several pathogenic bacteria. To investigate the role of VacJ in the pathogenicity of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the vacJ gene-deletion mutant MD12 ΔvacJ was constructed. The increased susceptibility to KCl, SDS plus EDTA, and several antibiotics in the MD12ΔvacJ mutant suggested that the stability of the outer membrane was impaired as a result of the mutation in the vacJ gene. The increased NPN fluorescence and significant cellular morphological variation in the MD12ΔvacJ mutant further demonstrated the crucial role of the VacJ lipoprotein in maintaining the outer membrane integrity of A. pleuropneumoniae. In addition, the MD12ΔvacJ mutant exhibited decreased survival from the serum and complement killing compared to the wild-type strain. Interestingly, the MD12ΔvacJ mutant showed reduced biofilm formation compared to the wild-type strain. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the VacJ lipoprotein contributing to bacterial biofilm formation. The data presented in this study illustrate the important role of the VacJ lipoprotein in the maintenance of cellular integrity, serum resistance, and biofilm formation in A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Xu Z, Zhou R. Genome-wide detection of selection and other evolutionary forces. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1231:271-87. [PMID: 25343871 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1720-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
As is well known, pathogenic microbes evolve rapidly to escape from the host immune system and antibiotics. Genetic variations among microbial populations occur frequently during the long-term pathogen-host evolutionary arms race, and individual mutation beneficial for the fitness can be fixed preferentially. Many recent comparative genomics studies have pointed out the importance of selective forces in the molecular evolution of bacterial pathogens. The public availability of large-scale next-generation sequencing data and many state-of-the-art statistical methods of molecular evolution enable us to scan genome-wide alignments for evidence of positive Darwinian selection, recombination, and other evolutionary forces operating on the coding regions. In this chapter, we describe an integrative analysis pipeline and its application to tracking featured evolutionary trajectories on the genome of an animal pathogen. The evolutionary analysis of the protein-coding part of the genomes will provide a wide spectrum of genetic variations that play potential roles in adaptive evolution of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuofei Xu
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark,
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15
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Aistleitner K, Anrather D, Schott T, Klose J, Bright M, Ammerer G, Horn M. Conserved features and major differences in the outer membrane protein composition of chlamydiae. Environ Microbiol 2014; 17:1397-413. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Aistleitner
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Dorothea Anrather
- Department of Mass Spectrometry Facility Max F. Perutz Laboratories University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Thomas Schott
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Julia Klose
- Department of Limnology and Oceanography University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Monika Bright
- Department of Limnology and Oceanography University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Gustav Ammerer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Max F. Perutz Laboratories University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Matthias Horn
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science University of Vienna Vienna Austria
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Zhang L, Wen Y, Li Y, Wei X, Yan X, Wen X, Wu R, Huang X, Huang Y, Yan Q, Liu M, Cao S. Comparative proteomic analysis of the membrane proteins of two Haemophilus parasuis strains to identify proteins that may help in habitat adaptation and pathogenesis. Proteome Sci 2014; 12:38. [PMID: 25057263 PMCID: PMC4107730 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-12-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer’s disease characterized by polyserositis, arthritis, and meningitis in pig, leading to serious economic loss. Despite many years of study, virulence factors and the mechanisms of the entire infection process remain largely unclear. So two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to search for distinctions at the membrane protein expression level between two H. parasuis isolates aimed at uncovering some proteins potentially involved in habitat adaption and pathogenesis. Results A comparative proteomic approach combining two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry was employed to explore the differences among membrane proteomes of a virulent Haemophilus parasuis strain isolated from the lung of a diseased pig and an avirulent strain isolated from the nasal swab of a healthy pig. Differentially expressed protein spots identified by mass spectrometry were annotated and analyzed by bioinformatic interpretation. The mRNA level was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Proteins representing diverse functional activities were identified. Among them, the tonB-dependent siderophore receptor was a new discovery highlighted for its activity in iron uptake. In addition, periplasmic serine protease and putrescine/spermidine ABC transporter substrate-binding protein were given focus because of their virulence potential. This study revealed that the differentially expressed proteins were important in either the habitat adaption or pathogenesis of H. parasuis. Conclusions The outcome demonstrated the presence of some proteins which raise the speculation for their importance in helping in habitat adaption or pathogenesis within the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Xingliang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Rui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
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Cao Y, Bazemore-Walker CR. Proteomic profiling of the surface-exposed cell envelope proteins of Caulobacter crescentus. J Proteomics 2013; 97:187-94. [PMID: 23973469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Biotinylation of intact cells, avidin enrichment of derivatized peptides, and shotgun proteomics were employed to reveal the composition of the surface-exposed proteome of the aquatic bacterium, Caulobacter crescentus. Ninety-one unique proteins were identified with the majority originating from the outer membrane, periplasm, and inner membrane, subcellular regions that comprise the Gram-negative bacterium cell envelope. Many of these proteins were described as 'conserved hypothetical protein' or 'hypothetical protein'; and so, the actual expression of these gene products was confirmed. Others did not have any known function or lacked annotation. However, this investigation of the Caulobacter surfaceome did reveal the unanticipated presence of a number of enzymes involved in protein degradation. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The results presented here can provide a starting point for hypothesis-driven research projects focused on this bacterium in particular and centered on understanding Gram-negative cell architecture and outer membrane biogenesis broadly. The detected protein degradation enzymes anchored on or located within the outer membrane suggest that Caulobacter has nutrient sources larger than small molecules and/or further processes surface proteins once secreted to this location. Additionally, confirmation of outer membrane residency of those proteins predicted to be periplasmic or whose location prediction was not definitive could potentially elucidate the identities of Gram-negative specific anchorless surface proteins. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Trends in Microbial Proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Brown University Department of Chemistry, Providence, RI 20912, United States
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18
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Chen X, Xu Z, Li L, Chen H, Zhou R. Identification of conserved surface proteins as novel antigenic vaccine candidates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. J Microbiol 2012; 50:978-86. [PMID: 23274984 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-012-2214-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an important swine respiratory pathogen causing great economic losses worldwide. Identification of conserved surface antigenic proteins is helpful for developing effective vaccines. In this study, a genome-wide strategy combined with bioinformatic and experimental approaches, was applied to discover and characterize surface-associated immunogenic proteins of A. pleuropneumoniae. Thirty nine genes encoding outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and lipoproteins were identified by comparative genomics and gene expression profiling as being-highly conserved and stably transcribed in the different serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae reference strains. Twelve of these conserved proteins were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and their immunogenicity was estimated by homologous challenge in the mouse model, and then three of these proteins (APJL_0126, HbpA and OmpW) were further tested in the natural host (swine) by homologous and heterologous challenges. The results showed that these proteins could induce high titers of antibodies, but vaccination with each protein individually elicited low protective immunity against A. pleuropneumoniae. This study gives novel insights into immunogenicity of the conserved OMPs and lipoproteins of A. pleuropneumoniae. Although none of the surface proteins characterized in this study could individually induce effective protective immunity against A. pleuropneumoniae, they are potential candidates for subunit vaccines in combination with Apx toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiabing Chen
- Division of Animal Infectious Diseases in State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
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19
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Ibrahim M, Shi Y, Qiu H, Li B, Jabeen A, Li L, Liu H, Kube M, Xie G, Wang Y, Sun G. Differential expression of in vivo and in vitro protein profile of outer membrane of Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49657. [PMID: 23166741 PMCID: PMC3499465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane (OM) proteins play a significant role in bacterial pathogenesis. In this work, we examined and compared the expression of the OM proteins of the rice pathogen Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae strain RS-1, a Gram-negative bacterium, both in an in vitro culture medium and in vivo rice plants. Global proteomic profiling of A. avenae subsp. avenae strain RS-1 comparing in vivo and in vitro conditions revealed the differential expression of proteins affecting the survival and pathogenicity of the rice pathogen in host plants. The shotgun proteomics analysis of OM proteins resulted in the identification of 97 proteins in vitro and 62 proteins in vivo by mass spectrometry. Among these OM proteins, there is a high number of porins, TonB-dependent receptors, lipoproteins of the NodT family, ABC transporters, flagellins, and proteins of unknown function expressed under both conditions. However, the major proteins such as phospholipase and OmpA domain containing proteins were expressed in vitro, while the proteins such as the surface anchored protein F, ATP-dependent Clp protease, OmpA and MotB domain containing proteins were expressed in vivo. This may indicate that these in vivo OM proteins have roles in the pathogenicity of A. avenae subsp. avenae strain RS-1. In addition, the LC-MS/MS identification of OmpA and MotB validated the in silico prediction of the existance of Type VI secretion system core components. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to reveal the in vitro and in vivo protein profiles, in combination with LC-MS/MS mass spectra, in silico OM proteome and in silico genome wide analysis, of pathogenicity or plant host required proteins of a plant pathogenic bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ibrahim
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Amara Jabeen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Liping Li
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - He Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Michael Kube
- Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guanlin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guochang Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Immunoproteomic analyses of outer membrane antigens of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae grown under iron-restricted conditions. Vet Microbiol 2012; 159:187-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Differential proteome analysis of a selected bacterial strain isolated from a high background radiation area in response to radium stress. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4820-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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E-komon T, Burchmore R, Herzyk P, Davies R. Predicting the outer membrane proteome of Pasteurella multocida based on consensus prediction enhanced by results integration and manual confirmation. BMC Bioinformatics 2012; 13:63. [PMID: 22540951 PMCID: PMC3403877 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-13-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Pasteurella multocida have various functions related to virulence and pathogenesis and represent important targets for vaccine development. Various bioinformatic algorithms can predict outer membrane localization and discriminate OMPs by structure or function. The designation of a confident prediction framework by integrating different predictors followed by consensus prediction, results integration and manual confirmation will improve the prediction of the outer membrane proteome. Results In the present study, we used 10 different predictors classified into three groups (subcellular localization, transmembrane β-barrel protein and lipoprotein predictors) to identify putative OMPs from two available P. multocida genomes: those of avian strain Pm70 and porcine non-toxigenic strain 3480. Predicted proteins in each group were filtered by optimized criteria for consensus prediction: at least two positive predictions for the subcellular localization predictors, three for the transmembrane β-barrel protein predictors and one for the lipoprotein predictors. The consensus predicted proteins were integrated from each group into a single list of proteins. We further incorporated a manual confirmation step including a public database search against PubMed and sequence analyses, e.g. sequence and structural homology, conserved motifs/domains, functional prediction, and protein-protein interactions to enhance the confidence of prediction. As a result, we were able to confidently predict 98 putative OMPs from the avian strain genome and 107 OMPs from the porcine strain genome with 83% overlap between the two genomes. Conclusions The bioinformatic framework developed in this study has increased the number of putative OMPs identified in P. multocida and allowed these OMPs to be identified with a higher degree of confidence. Our approach can be applied to investigate the outer membrane proteomes of other Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerasak E-komon
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Sir Graeme Davies Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Cao Y, Johnson HM, Bazemore-Walker CR. Improved enrichment and proteomic identification of outer membrane proteins from a Gram-negative bacterium: Focus on Caulobacter crescentus. Proteomics 2011; 12:251-62. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Li T, Xu Z, Zhang T, Li L, Chen H, Zhou R. The genetic analysis of the flp locus of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Arch Microbiol 2011; 194:167-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-011-0741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Xu Z, Chen H, Zhou R. Genome-wide evidence for positive selection and recombination in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:203. [PMID: 21749728 PMCID: PMC3146884 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an economically important animal pathogen that causes contagious pleuropneumonia in pigs. Currently, the molecular evolutionary trajectories for this pathogenic bacterium remain to require a better elucidation under the help of comparative genomics data. For this reason, we employed a comparative phylogenomic approach to obtain a comprehensive understanding of roles of natural selective pressure and homologous recombination during adaptation of this pathogen to its swine host. Results In this study, 12 A. pleuropneumoniae genomes were used to carry out a phylogenomic analyses. We identified 1,587 orthologous core genes as an initial data set for the estimation of genetic recombination and positive selection. Based on the analyses of four recombination tests, 23% of the core genome of A. pleuropneumoniae showed strong signals for intragenic homologous recombination. Furthermore, the selection analyses indicated that 57 genes were undergoing significant positive selection. Extensive function properties underlying these positively selected genes demonstrated that genes coding for products relevant to bacterial surface structures and pathogenesis are prone to natural selective pressure, presumably due to their potential roles in the avoidance of the porcine immune system. Conclusions Overall, substantial genetic evidence was shown to indicate that recombination and positive selection indeed play a crucial role in the adaptive evolution of A. pleuropneumoniae. The genome-wide profile of positively selected genes and/or amino acid residues will provide valuable targets for further research into the mechanisms of immune evasion and host-pathogen interactions for this serious swine pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuofei Xu
- Division of Animal Infectious Disease, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Zhang W, Shao J, Liu G, Tang F, Lu Y, Zhai Z, Wang Y, Wu Z, Yao H, Lu C. Immunoproteomic analysis of bacterial proteins of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1. Proteome Sci 2011; 9:32. [PMID: 21703014 PMCID: PMC3148531 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-9-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is one of the most important swine pathogens worldwide. Identification and characterization of novel antigenic APP vaccine candidates are underway. In the present study, we use an immunoproteomic approach to identify APP protein antigens that may elicit an immune response in serotype 1 naturally infected swine and serotype 1 virulent strain S259-immunized rabbits. Results Proteins from total cell lysates of serotype 1 APP were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE). Western blot analysis revealed 21 immunoreactive protein spots separated in the pH 4-7 range and 4 spots in the pH 7-11 range with the convalescent sera from swine; we found 5 immunoreactive protein spots that separated in the pH 4-7 range and 2 in the pH 7-11 range with hyperimmune sera from S259-immunized rabbits. The proteins included the known antigens ApxIIA, protective surface antigen D15, outer membrane proteins P5, subunit NqrA. The remaining antigens are being reported as immunoreactive proteins in APP for the first time, to our knowledge. Conclusions We identified a total of 42 immunoreactive proteins of the APP serotype 1 virulent strain S259 which represented 32 different proteins, including some novel immunoreactive factors which could be researched as vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostic & Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostic & Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guangjin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostic & Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostic & Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostic & Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostic & Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostic & Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zongfu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostic & Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostic & Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chengping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostic & Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Schell MA, Zhao P, Wells L. Outer membrane proteome of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei from diverse growth conditions. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:2417-24. [PMID: 21391724 PMCID: PMC4917286 DOI: 10.1021/pr1012398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei are closely related, aerosol-infective human pathogens that cause life-threatening diseases. Biochemical analyses requiring large-scale growth and manipulation at biosafety level 3 under select agent regulations are cumbersome and hazardous. We developed a simple, safe, and rapid method to prepare highly purified outer membrane (OM) fragments from these pathogens. Shotgun proteomic analyses of OMs by trypsin shaving and mass spectrometry identified >155 proteins, the majority of which are clearly outer membrane proteins (OMPs). These included: 13 porins, 4 secretins for virulence factor export, 11 efflux pumps, multiple components of a Type VI secreton, metal transport receptors, polysaccharide exporters, and hypothetical OMPs of unknown function. We also identified 20 OMPs in each pathogen that are abundant under a wide variety of conditions, including in serum and with macrophages, suggesting these are fundamental for growth and survival and may represent prime drug or vaccine targets. Comparison of the OM proteomes of B. mallei and B. pseudomallei showed many similarities but also revealed a few differences, perhaps reflecting evolution of B. mallei away from environmental survival toward host-adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Schell
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
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Buettner FF, Konze SA, Maas A, Gerlach GF. Proteomic and immunoproteomic characterization of a DIVA subunit vaccine against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Proteome Sci 2011; 9:23. [PMID: 21507263 PMCID: PMC3107771 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-9-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Protection of pigs by vaccination against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, is hampered by the presence of 15 different serotypes. A DIVA subunit vaccine comprised of detergent-released proteins from A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 2 and 5 has been developed and shown to protect pigs from clinical symptoms upon homologous and heterologous challenge. This vaccine has not been characterized in-depth so far. Thus we performed i) mass spectrometry in order to identify the exact protein content of the vaccine and ii) cross-serotype 2-D immunoblotting in order to discover cross-reactive antigens. By these approaches we expected to gain results enabling us to argue about the reasons for the efficacy of the analyzed vaccine. Results We identified 75 different proteins in the vaccine. Using the PSORTb algorithm these proteins were classified according to their cellular localization. Highly enriched proteins are outer membrane-associated lipoproteins like OmlA and TbpB, integral outer membrane proteins like FrpB, TbpA, OmpA1, OmpA2, HgbA and OmpP2, and secreted Apx toxins. The subunit vaccine also contained large amounts of the ApxIVA toxin so far thought to be expressed only during infection. Applying two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) we showed different isoforms and variations in expression levels of several proteins among the strains used for vaccine production. For detection of cross-reactive antigens we used detergent released proteins of serotype 7. Sera of pigs vaccinated with the detergent-released proteins of serotypes 1, 2, and 5 detected seven different proteins of serotype 7, and convalescent sera of pigs surviving experimental infection with serotype 7 reacted with 13 different proteins of the detergent-released proteins of A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 2, and 5. Conclusions A detergent extraction-based subunit vaccine of A. pleuropneumoniae was characterized by mass spectrometry. It contained a large variety of immunogenic and virulence associated proteins, among them the ApxIVA toxin. The identification of differences in expression as well as isoform variation between the serotypes implied the importance of combining proteins of different serotypes for vaccine generation. This finding was supported by immunoblotting showing the induction of cross-reactive antibodies against several surface associated proteins in immunized animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Fr Buettner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
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Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiologic agent of porcine contagious pleuropneumoniae, a lethal respiratory infectious disease causing great economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. In order to better interpret the genetic background of serotypic diversity, nine genomes of A. pleuropneumoniae reference strains of serovars 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 were sequenced by using rapid high-throughput approach. Based on 12 genomes of corresponding serovar reference strains including three publicly available complete genomes (serovars 3, 5b, and 7) of this bacterium, we performed a comprehensive analysis of comparative genomics and first reported a global genomic characterization for this pathogen. Clustering of 26,012 predicted protein-coding genes showed that the pan genome of A. pleuropneumoniae consists of 3,303 gene clusters, which contain 1,709 core genome genes, 822 distributed genes, and 772 strain-specific genes. The genome components involved in the biogenesis of capsular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide O antigen relative to serovar diversity were compared, and their genetic diversity was depicted. Our findings shed more light on genomic features associated with serovar diversity of A. pleuropneumoniae and provide broader insight into both pathogenesis research and clinical/epidemiological application against the severe disease caused by this swine pathogen.
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Chiers K, De Waele T, Pasmans F, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F. Virulence factors of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae involved in colonization, persistence and induction of lesions in its porcine host. Vet Res 2010; 41:65. [PMID: 20546697 PMCID: PMC2899255 DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. The virulence factors of this microorganism involved in colonization and the induction of lung lesions have been thoroughly studied and some have been well characterized. A. pleuropneumoniae binds preferentially to cells of the lower respiratory tract in a process involving different adhesins and probably biofilm formation. Apx toxins and lipopolysaccharides exert pathogenic effects on several host cells, resulting in typical lung lesions. Lysis of host cells is essential for the bacterium to obtain nutrients from the environment and A. pleuropneumoniae has developed several uptake mechanisms for these nutrients. In addition to persistence in lung lesions, colonization of the upper respiratory tract – and of the tonsils in particular – may also be important for long-term persistent asymptomatic infection. Information on virulence factors involved in tonsillar and nasal cavity colonization and persistence is scarce, but it can be speculated that similar features as demonstrated for the lung may play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Chiers
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Egan SA, Kurian D, Ward PN, Hunt L, Leigh JA. Identification of sortase A (SrtA) substrates in Streptococcus uberis: evidence for an additional hexapeptide (LPXXXD) sorting motif. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:1088-95. [PMID: 20038184 DOI: 10.1021/pr901025w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sortase (a transamidase) has been shown to be responsible for the covalent attachment of proteins to the bacterial cell wall. Anchoring is effected on secreted proteins containing a specific cell wall motif toward their C-terminus; that for sortase A (SrtA) in Gram-positive bacteria often incorporates the sequence LPXTG. Such surface proteins are often characterized as virulence determinants and play important roles during the establishment and persistence of infection. Intramammary infection with Streptococcus uberis is a common cause of bovine mastitis, which impacts on animal health and welfare and the economics of milk production. Comparison of stringently produced cell wall fractions from S. uberis and an isogenic mutant strain lacking SrtA permitted identification of 9 proteins likely to be covalently anchored at the cell surface. Analysis of these sequences implied the presence of two anchoring motifs for S. uberis, the classical LPXTG motif and an additional LPXXXD motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Egan
- The School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
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Deslandes V, Denicourt M, Girard C, Harel J, Nash JHE, Jacques M. Transcriptional profiling of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae during the acute phase of a natural infection in pigs. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:98. [PMID: 20141640 PMCID: PMC2829017 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a respiratory disease which causes great economic losses worldwide. Many virulence factors are involved in the pathogenesis, namely capsular polysaccharides, RTX toxins, LPS and many iron acquisition systems. In order to identify genes that are expressed in vivo during a natural infection, we undertook transcript profiling experiments with an A. pleuropneumoniae DNA microarray, after recovery of bacterial mRNAs from serotype 5b-infected porcine lungs. AppChip2 contains 2033 PCR amplicons based on the genomic sequence of App serotype 5b strain L20, representing more than 95% of ORFs greater than 160 bp in length. Results Transcriptional profiling of A. pleuropneumoniae recovered from the lung of a pig suffering from a natural infection or following growth of the bacterial isolate in BHI medium was performed. An RNA extraction protocol combining beadbeating and hot-acid-phenol was developed in order to maximize bacterial mRNA yields and quality following total RNA extraction from lung lesions. Nearly all A. pleuropneumoniae transcripts could be detected on our microarrays, and 150 genes were deemed differentially expressed in vivo during the acute phase of the infection. Our results indicate that, for example, gene apxIVA from an operon coding for RTX toxin ApxIV is highly up-regulated in vivo, and that two genes from the operon coding for type IV fimbriae (APL_0878 and APL_0879) were also up-regulated. These transcriptional profiling data, combined with previous comparative genomic hybridizations performed by our group, revealed that 66 out of the 72 up-regulated genes are conserved amongst all serotypes and that 3 of them code for products that are predicted outer membrane proteins (genes irp and APL_0959, predicted to code for a TonB-dependent receptor and a filamentous hemagglutinin/adhesin respectively) or lipoproteins (gene APL_0920). Only 4 of 72 up-regulated genes had previously been identified in controled experimental infections. Conclusions These genes that we have identified as up-regulated in vivo, conserved across serotypes and coding for potential outer membrane proteins represent potential candidates for the development of a cross-protective vaccine against porcine pleuropneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Deslandes
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Canada
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Tian B, Wang H, Ma X, Hu Y, Sun Z, Shen S, Wang F, Hua Y. Proteomic analysis of membrane proteins from a radioresistant and moderate thermophilic bacterium Deinococcus geothermalis. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 6:2068-77. [DOI: 10.1039/c004875e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liao Y, Deng J, Zhang A, Zhou M, Hu Y, Chen H, Jin M. Immunoproteomic analysis of outer membrane proteins and extracellular proteins of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae JL03 serotype 3. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9:172. [PMID: 19695095 PMCID: PMC2741471 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of porcine contagious pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious respiratory infection in pigs, and all the 15 serotypes are able to cause disease. Current vaccines including subunit vaccines could not provide satisfactory protection against A. pleuropneumoniae. In this study, the immunoproteomic approach was applied to the analysis of extracellular and outer membrane proteins of A. pleuropneumoniae JL03 serotype 3 for the identification of novel immunogenic proteins for A. pleuropneumoniae. Results A total of 30 immunogenic proteins were identified from outer membrane and extracellular proteins of JL03 serotype 3, of which 6 were known antigens and 24 were novel immunogenic proteins for A. pleuropneumoniae. Conclusion These data provide information about novel immunogenic proteins for A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 3, and are expected to aid in development of novel vaccines against A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, PR China.
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Veith PD, O’Brien-Simpson NM, Tan Y, Djatmiko DC, Dashper SG, Reynolds EC. Outer Membrane Proteome and Antigens of Tannerella forsythia. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:4279-92. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900372c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Veith
- Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
- Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Yan Tan
- Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Deasy C. Djatmiko
- Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Stuart G. Dashper
- Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Eric C. Reynolds
- Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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New plasmid tools for genetic analysis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and other pasteurellaceae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:6124-31. [PMID: 19666733 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00809-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have generated a set of plasmids, based on the mobilizable shuttle vector pMIDG100, which can be used as tools for genetic manipulation of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and other members of the Pasteurellaceae. A tandem reporter plasmid, pMC-Tandem, carrying promoterless xylE and gfpmut3 genes downstream of a multiple-cloning site (MCS), can be used for identification of transcriptional regulators and conditions which favor gene expression from different cloned promoters. The ability to detect transcriptional regulators using the tandem reporter system was validated in A. pleuropneumoniae using the cloned rpoE (sigma(E)) promoter (P). The resulting plasmid, pMCrpoEP, was used to identify a mutant defective in production of RseA, the negative regulator of sigma(E), among a bank of random transposon mutants, as well as to detect induction of sigma(E) following exposure of A. pleuropneumoniae to ethanol or heat shock. pMCsodCP, carrying the cloned sodC promoter of A. pleuropneumoniae, was functional in A. pleuropneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parasuis, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Pasteurella multocida. Two general expression vectors, pMK-Express and pMC-Express, which differ in their antibiotic resistance markers (kanamycin and chloramphenicol, respectively), were constructed for the Pasteurellaceae. Both plasmids have the A. pleuropneumoniae sodC promoter upstream of the gfpmut3 gene and an extended MCS. Replacement of gfpmut3 with a gene of interest allows complementation and heterologous gene expression, as evidenced by expression of the Haemophilus ducreyi nadV gene in A. pleuropneumoniae, rendering the latter NAD independent.
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Buettner FFR, Bendalla IM, Bossé JT, Meens J, Nash JHE, Härtig E, Langford PR, Gerlach GF. Analysis of the
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
HlyX (FNR) regulon and identification of iron-regulated protein B as an essential virulence factor. Proteomics 2009; 9:2383-98. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gouré J, Findlay WA, Deslandes V, Bouevitch A, Foote SJ, MacInnes JI, Coulton JW, Nash JHE, Jacques M. Microarray-based comparative genomic profiling of reference strains and selected Canadian field isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:88. [PMID: 19239696 PMCID: PMC2653537 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, is a highly contagious respiratory pathogen that causes severe losses to the swine industry worldwide. Current commercially-available vaccines are of limited value because they do not induce cross-serovar immunity and do not prevent development of the carrier state. Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridizations (M-CGH) were used to estimate whole genomic diversity of representative Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains. Our goal was to identify conserved genes, especially those predicted to encode outer membrane proteins and lipoproteins because of their potential for the development of more effective vaccines. Results Using hierarchical clustering, our M-CGH results showed that the majority of the genes in the genome of the serovar 5 A. pleuropneumoniae L20 strain were conserved in the reference strains of all 15 serovars and in representative field isolates. Fifty-eight conserved genes predicted to encode for outer membrane proteins or lipoproteins were identified. As well, there were several clusters of diverged or absent genes including those associated with capsule biosynthesis, toxin production as well as genes typically associated with mobile elements. Conclusion Although A. pleuropneumoniae strains are essentially clonal, M-CGH analysis of the reference strains of the fifteen serovars and representative field isolates revealed several classes of genes that were divergent or absent. Not surprisingly, these included genes associated with capsule biosynthesis as the capsule is associated with sero-specificity. Several of the conserved genes were identified as candidates for vaccine development, and we conclude that M-CGH is a valuable tool for reverse vaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Gouré
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
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Abstract
About one quarter to one third of all bacterial genes encode proteins of the inner or outer bacterial membrane. These proteins perform essential physiological functions, such as the import or export of metabolites, the homeostasis of metal ions, the extrusion of toxic substances or antibiotics, and the generation or conversion of energy. The last years have witnessed completion of a plethora of whole-genome sequences of bacteria important for biotechnology or medicine, which is the foundation for proteome and other functional genome analyses. In this review, we discuss the challenges in membrane proteome analysis, starting from sample preparation and leading to MS-data analysis and quantification. The current state of available proteomics technologies as well as their advantages and disadvantages will be described with a focus on shotgun proteomics. Then, we will briefly introduce the most abundant proteins and protein families present in bacterial membranes before bacterial membrane proteomics studies of the last years will be presented. It will be shown how these works enlarged our knowledge about the physiological adaptations that take place in bacteria during fine chemical production, bioremediation, protein overexpression, and during infections. Furthermore, several examples from literature demonstrate the suitability of membrane proteomics for the identification of antigens and different pathogenic strains, as well as the elucidation of membrane protein structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar Poetsch
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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Ohba T, Shibahara T, Kobayashi H, Takashima A, Nagoshi M, Osanai R, Kubo M. Multifocal granulomatous hepatitis caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 in slaughter pigs. J Comp Pathol 2008; 139:61-6. [PMID: 18617183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In a survey of 66 894 slaughter pigs, 11 animals from three farms were found to have multifocal granulomatous lesions in the liver, caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2. The lesions consisted of epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells, with asteroid bodies and discernible gram-negative bacteria. Lymph nodes and spleen were occasionally affected. The results suggested that haematogenous spread had occurred from pre-existing pulmonary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ohba
- Toyama Prefectural Meat Inspection Centre, 28-4 Shinbori, Imizu, Japan
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Identification and characterization of novel antigenic vaccine candidates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vaccine 2008; 26:1942-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaevaccines: from bacterins to new insights into vaccination strategies. Anim Health Res Rev 2008; 9:25-45. [DOI: 10.1017/s1466252307001338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWith the growing emergence of antibiotic resistance and rising consumer demands concerning food safety, vaccination to prevent bacterial infections is of increasing relevance.Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeis the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a respiratory disease leading to severe economic losses in the swine industry. Despite all the research and trials that were performed withA. pleuropneumoniaevaccination in the past, a safe vaccine that offers complete protection against all serotypes has yet not reached the market. However, recent advances made in the identification of new potential vaccine candidates and in the targeting of specific immune responses, give encouraging vaccination perspectives. Here, we review past and current knowledge onA. pleuropneumoniaevaccines as well as the newly available genomic tools and vaccination strategies that could be useful in the design of an efficient vaccine againstA. pleuropneumoniaeinfection.
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