1
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Eso Y. MET amplification as a potential therapeutic target against hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 2021; 51:1093-1094. [PMID: 34724292 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Eso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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2
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Wang H, Rao B, Lou J, Li J, Liu Z, Li A, Cui G, Ren Z, Yu Z. The Function of the HGF/c-Met Axis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:55. [PMID: 32117981 PMCID: PMC7018668 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, leading to a large global cancer burden. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its high-affinity receptor, mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-Met), are closely related to the onset, progression, and metastasis of multiple tumors. The HGF/c-Met axis is involved in cell proliferation, movement, differentiation, invasion, angiogenesis, and apoptosis by activating multiple downstream signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on the function of the HGF/c-Met axis in HCC. The HGF/c-Met axis promotes the onset, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of HCC. Moreover, it can serve as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as a therapeutic target for HCC. In addition, it is closely related to drug resistance during HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Benchen Rao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Lou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianhao Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangying Cui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zujiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Gene Hospital of Henan Province, Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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3
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Jabbarpour Z, Kiani J, Keshtkar S, Saidijam M, Ghahremani MH, Ahmadbeigi N. Effects of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells with NK4 gene expression on glioblastoma multiforme cell lines. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1362-1373. [PMID: 31595570 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Poor prognosis and low survival are commonly seen in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Due to the specific nature of solid tumors such as GBM, delivery of therapeutic agents to the tumor sites is difficult. So, one of the major challenges in the treatment of these tumors is a selection of appropriate method for drug delivery. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a unique characteristic in migration toward the tumor tissue. In this regard, the present study examined the antitumor effects of manipulating human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDMSCs) with NK4 expression (PDMSC-NK4) on GBM cells. After separation and characterization of PDMSCs, these cells were transduced with NK4 which was known as the antagonist of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). The results indicated that engineered PDMSCs preferably migrate into GBM cells by transwell coculture system. In addition, the proliferation of the GBM cells significantly reduced after coculture with these cells. In fact, manipulated PDMSCs inhibited growth of tumor cells by induction of apoptosis. Our findings suggested that besides having antitumor effects, PDMSCs can also be applied as an ideal cellular vehicle to target the glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jabbarpour
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Kiani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Keshtkar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Ghahremani
- Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Ahmadbeigi
- Cell-Based Therapies Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Chalenko Y, Sobyanin K, Sysolyatina E, Midiber K, Kalinin E, Lavrikova A, Mikhaleva L, Ermolaeva S. Hepatoprotective Activity of InlB321/15, the HGFR Ligand of Bacterial Origin, in CCI4-Induced Acute Liver Injury Mice. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7020029. [PMID: 30979058 PMCID: PMC6631690 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
HGF (hepatocyte growth factor)/HGFR (HGF receptor) signaling pathway is a key pathway in liver protection and regeneration after acute toxic damage. Listeria monocytogenes toxin InlB contains a HGFR-interacting domain and is a functional analog of HGF. The aim of this work was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the InlB HGFR-interacting domain. The recombinant HGFR-interacting domain InlB321/15 was purified from E. coli. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test was used to measure InlB321/15 mitogenic activity in HepG2 cells. Activation of MAPK- and PI3K/Akt-pathways was tracked with fluorescent microscopy, Western blotting, and ELISA. To evaluate hepatoprotective activity, InlB321/15 and recombinant human HGF (rhHGF) were intravenously injected at the same concentration of 2 ng·g−1 to BALB/c mice 2 h before liver injury with CCl4. InlB321/15 caused dose-dependent activation of MAPK- and PI3K/Akt-pathways and correspondent mitogenic effects. Both InlB321/15 and rhHGF improved macroscopic liver parameters (liver mass was 1.51, 1.27 and 1.15 g for the vehicle, InlB321/15 and rhHGF, respectively, p < 0.05), reduced necrosis (24.0%, 16.18% and 21.66% of the total area for the vehicle, InlB321/15 and rhHGF, respectively, p < 0.05). Obtained data suggest that InlB321/15 is a promising candidate for a tissue repair agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslava Chalenko
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Konstantin Sobyanin
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Elena Sysolyatina
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Egor Kalinin
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexandra Lavrikova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Svetlana Ermolaeva
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
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5
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Liu Y, Tan J, Ou S, Chen J, Chen L. MicroRNA-101-3p suppresses proliferation and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting the HGF/c-Met pathway. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:60-69. [PMID: 30929159 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are involved in each stage of tumor development. Activation of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met axis facilitates the proliferation and migration of cancer cells, and the HGF/c-MET pathway provides potential targets for anticancer treatment. However, the interaction between HGF and miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. Previous studies have shown that miR-101 is downregulated in various types of cancer and acts as a tumor suppressor, but the role of miR-101 in HCC has not yet been well defined. Here, we show that HGF is upregulated while microRNA-101-3p is significantly downregulated in the tumor tissues of HCC. By combining bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrated that HGF is a direct target of miR-101. In vitro experiments indicated that miR-101 inhibits the migration and proliferation of HCC cells by targeting the HGF/c-MET axis, and in vivo studies showed that overexpressed miR-101 dramatically suppresses tumor growth. Therefore, the present study identifies miR-101 as a negative regulator of HGF/c-MET and suggests that miRNAs can be used as targeted drugs for the clinical treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Tan
- Department of Pathology, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuangyan Ou
- Medical Oncology Institute, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Limin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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6
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Chemopreventive and antitumor effects of benzyl isothiocynate on HCC models: A possible role of HGF /pAkt/ STAT3 axis and VEGF. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:65-75. [PMID: 30216802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is a member of the isothiocyanate compounds that found in cruciferous vegetables. BITC has a potential anticancer effect in different types of tumors. Few studies referred to the antineoplastic effect of BITC against HCC. The mechanism of BITC concerning retardation of HCC progression is incompletely understood. AIM OF THE WORK This study evaluated the role of HGF, pAkt and STAT3 in BITC induced HCC growth retardation. METHOD HCC was induced in mice using diethylnitrosamine (DEN) 75 mg/kg once a week for 4 weeks. BITC 10 and 20 mg/kg was given to mice orally each day for 10 weeks. The HCC cell lines HepG2 and Huh-7 were also used to evaluate the effect of BITC on tumor cells behavior. Immunoassay was used to detect expressions of caspase-3 activity, VEGF, MMP-2, TNF-α, HGF and pAkt. STAT3 expression was detected in liver tissues using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS BITC has a potential role in suppressing hepatic precancerous lesion progression in mice. The drug increased caspase-3 activity in tumor cells and inhibited the angiogenic marker VEGF. It also decreased the metastatic marker MMP-2. This anticancer effect of BITC was observed in DEN treated mice as well as in hepatoma cell lines. The reported antineoplastic activity was correlated with downregulation of HGF and its downstream molecules pAkt and STAT3. CONCLUSION The effect of BITC on HGF /pAkt/ STAT3 axis has a potential role in both chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects of BITC.
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7
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Baraniskin A, Van Laethem JL, Wyrwicz L, Guller U, Wasan HS, Matysiak-Budnik T, Gruenberger T, Ducreux M, Carneiro F, Van Cutsem E, Seufferlein T, Schmiegel W. Clinical relevance of molecular diagnostics in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer: European Society of Digestive Oncology (ESDO) expert discussion and recommendations from the 17th European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO)/World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer, Barcelona. Eur J Cancer 2017; 86:305-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Hu CT, Wu JR, Cheng CC, Wu WS. The Therapeutic Targeting of HGF/c-Met Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Alternative Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9060058. [PMID: 28587113 PMCID: PMC5483877 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9060058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most devastating cancers worldwide, is due to frequent recurrence and metastasis. Among the metastatic factors in the tumor microenvironment, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been well known to play critical roles in tumor progression, including HCC. Therefore, c-Met is now regarded as the most promising therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC. However, there are still concerns about resistance and the side effects of using conventional inhibitors of c-Met, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Recently, many alternative strategies of c-Met targeting have been emerging. These include targeting the downstream effectors of c-Met, such as hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone 5 (Hic-5), to block the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated signaling for HCC progression. Also, inhibition of endosomal regulators, such as PKCε and GGA3, may perturb the c-Met endosomal signaling for HCC cell migration. On the other hand, many herbal antagonists of c-Met-dependent signaling, such as saponin, resveratrol, and LZ-8, were identified. Taken together, it can be anticipated that more effective and safer c-Met targeting strategies for preventing HCC progression can be established in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Tan Hu
- Research Centre for Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Ru Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Chu Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Sheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
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9
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Chen HA, Kuo TC, Tseng CF, Ma JT, Yang ST, Yen CJ, Yang CY, Sung SY, Su JL. Angiopoietin-like protein 1 antagonizes MET receptor activity to repress sorafenib resistance and cancer stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2016; 64:1637-1651. [PMID: 27530187 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Angiopoietin-like protein 1 (ANGPTL1) has been shown to act as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting angiogenesis, cancer invasion, and metastasis. However, little is known about the effects of ANGPTL1 on sorafenib resistance and cancer stem cell properties in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the mechanism underlying these effects. Here, we show that ANGPTL1 expression positively correlates with sorafenib sensitivity in HCC cells and human HCC tissues. ANGPTL1 significantly decreases epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-driven sorafenib resistance, cancer stemness, and tumor growth of HCC cells by repressing Slug expression. ANGPTL1 directly interacts with and inactivates MET receptor, which contributes to Slug suppression through inhibition of the extracellular receptor kinase/protein kinase B (ERK/AKT)-dependent early growth response protein 1 (Egr-1) pathway. ANGPTL1 expression inversely correlates with Slug expression, poor sorafenib responsiveness, and poor clinical outcomes in HCC patients. CONCLUSION ANGPTL1 inhibits sorafenib resistance and cancer stemness in HCC cells by repressing EMT through inhibition of the MET receptor-AKT/ERK-Egr-1-Slug signaling cascade. ANGPTL1 may serve as a novel MET receptor inhibitor for advanced HCC therapy. (Hepatology 2016;64:1637-1651).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-An Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsang-Chih Kuo
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Tseng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Graduate Program of Biotechnology in Medicine College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ti Ma
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting Yang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yao Yang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Ying Sung
- Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Liang Su
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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10
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Valcz G, Sipos F, Tulassay Z, Molnar B, Yagi Y. Republished: Importance of carcinoma-associated fibroblast-derived proteins in clinical oncology. Postgrad Med J 2015; 91:1026-31. [PMID: 25976496 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2014-202561rep] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoma-associated fibroblast (CAF) as prominent cell type of the tumour microenvironment has complex interaction with both the cancer cells and other non-neoplastic surrounding cells. The CAF-derived regulators and extracellular matrix proteins can support cancer progression by providing a protective microenvironment for the cancer cells via reduction of chemotherapy sensitivity. On the other hand, these proteins may act as powerful prognostic markers as well as potential targets of anticancer therapy. In this review, we summarise the clinical importance of the major CAF-derived signals influencing tumour behaviour and determining the outcome of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Valcz
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ferenc Sipos
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bela Molnar
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yukako Yagi
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Shibasaki S, Kitano S, Karasaki M, Tsunemi S, Sano H, Iwasaki T. Blocking c-Met signaling enhances bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced osteoblast differentiation. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:341-7. [PMID: 25941631 PMCID: PMC4415006 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Role of c-Met signaling in osteoblast differentiation was investigated. Osteoblast differentiation was determined by ALP and osteocalcin production by C2C12 and MC3T3-E1 cells. c-Met signaling negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation. Blocking c-Met signaling might serve as a therapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis.
We previously demonstrated that blocking hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor/c-Met signaling inhibited arthritis and articular bone destruction in mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, we investigated the role of c-Met signaling in osteoblast differentiation using the C2C12 myoblast cell line derived from murine satellite cells and the MC3T3-E1 murine pre-osteoblast cell line. Osteoblast differentiation was induced by treatment with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 or osteoblast-inducer reagent in the presence or absence of either HGF antagonist (NK4) or c-Met inhibitor (SU11274). Osteoblast differentiation was confirmed by Runx2 expression, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin production by the cells. Production of ALP, osteocalcin and HGF was verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Runx2 expression was confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR analysis. The phosphorylation status of ERK1/2, AKT, and Smads was determined by Western blot analysis. Both NK4 and SU11274 enhanced Runx2 expression, and ALP and osteocalcin production but suppressed HGF production in BMP-2-stimulated C2C12 cells. SU11274 also enhanced ALP and osteocalcin production in osteoblast-inducer reagent-stimulated MC3T3-E1 cells. SU11274 inhibited ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation in HGF-stimulated C2C12 cells. This result suggested that ERK and AKT were functional downstream of the c-Met signaling pathway. However, both mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor suppressed osteocalcin and HGF production in BMP-2-stimulated C2C12 cells. Furthermore, SU11274, MEK, and PI3K inhibitor suppressed Smad phosphorylation in BMP-2-stimulated C2C12 cells. These results indicate that although the c-Met-MEK-ERK-Smad and c-Met-PI3K-AKT-Smad signaling pathways positively regulate osteoblast differentiation, c-Met signaling negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation, independent of the MEK-ERK-Smad and PI3K-AKT-Smad pathways. Therefore, blocking c-Met signaling might serve as a therapeutic strategy for the repair of destructed bone in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Shibasaki
- General Education Center, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan ; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Sachie Kitano
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Miki Karasaki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Sachi Tsunemi
- General Education Center, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan
| | - Hajime Sano
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Iwasaki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan ; Division of Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8530, Japan
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12
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Deng XB, Xiao L, Wu Y, Jin F, Mossman B, Testa JR, Xiao GH. Inhibition of mesothelioma cancer stem-like cells with adenovirus-mediated NK4 gene therapy. Int J Cancer 2014; 137:481-90. [PMID: 25501304 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a highly invasive and chemoresistant malignancy induced by asbestos fibers. NK4, a hepatocyte growth factor antagonist and angiogenesis inhibitor, consists of the N-terminal hairpin domain and four kringle domains of the α-chain of hepatocyte growth factor. The therapeutic potential of NK4 has been demonstrated in a variety of tumor types. However, the mechanisms by which NK4 inhibits tumor growth have not been well delineated. In this study, it is shown that the NK4 adenovirus (Ad-NK4) potently inhibits cell viability, invasiveness and tumorigenicity of human MM cells. Significantly, this study demonstrates for the first time that Ad-NK4 inhibits cancer stem-like cell (CSC) properties as assessed by spheroid formation assay, side population analysis and flow cytometric sorting of CD24 cells. In addition to inhibiting phosphorylation of Met and AKT, Ad-NK4 markedly suppressed the active form of β-catenin, a key mediator of both Wnt and AKT pathways. It is further demonstrated that expression of NK4 suppresses β-catenin nuclear localization and transcriptional activity. Intriguingly, the expression levels of Oct4 and Myc, two critical stem cell factors and downstream targets of β-catenin, were also diminished by Ad-NK4. Furthermore, the strong antitumor effect of NK4 was found to be linked to its ability to inhibit CSCs as revealed by immunohistochemical examination of tumor specimens from a mouse xenograft model of human MM. These findings suggest that NK4 acts as a CSC inhibitor by impeding Met/AKT/β-catenin signaling and holds promise for achieving durable therapeutic responses in MM by constraining the CSC component of these aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Bin Deng
- Cancer Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yue Wu
- Cancer Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Jin
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brooke Mossman
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT
| | - Joseph R Testa
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Guang-Hui Xiao
- Cancer Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
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13
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Zhu Y, Cheng M, Yang Z, Zeng CY, Chen J, Xie Y, Luo SW, Zhang KH, Zhou SF, Lu NH. Mesenchymal stem cell-based NK4 gene therapy in nude mice bearing gastric cancer xenografts. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:2449-62. [PMID: 25525335 PMCID: PMC4267519 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s71466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been recognized as promising delivery vehicles for gene therapy of tumors. Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of worldwide cancer mortality, and novel treatment modalities are urgently needed. NK4 is an antagonist of hepatocyte growth factor receptors (Met) which are often aberrantly activated in gastric cancer and thus represent a useful candidate for targeted therapies. This study investigated MSC-delivered NK4 gene therapy in nude mice bearing gastric cancer xenografts. MSCs were transduced with lentiviral vectors carrying NK4 complementary DNA or enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP). Such transduction did not change the phenotype of MSCs. Gastric cancer xenografts were established in BALB/C nude mice, and the mice were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), MSCs-GFP, Lenti-NK4, or MSCs-NK4. The tropism of MSCs toward gastric cancer cells was determined by an in vitro migration assay using MKN45 cells, GES-1 cells and human fibroblasts and their presence in tumor xenografts. Tumor growth, tumor cell apoptosis and intratumoral microvessel density of tumor tissue were measured in nude mice bearing gastric cancer xenografts treated with PBS, MSCs-GFP, Lenti-NK4, or MSCs-NK4 via tail vein injection. The results showed that MSCs migrated preferably to gastric cancer cells in vitro. Systemic MSCs-NK4 injection significantly suppressed the growth of gastric cancer xenografts. MSCs-NK4 migrated and accumulated in tumor tissues after systemic injection. The microvessel density of tumor xenografts was decreased, and tumor cellular apoptosis was significantly induced in the mice treated with MSCs-NK4 compared to control mice. These findings demonstrate that MSC-based NK4 gene therapy can obviously inhibit the growth of gastric cancer xenografts, and MSCs are a better vehicle for NK4 gene therapy than lentiviral vectors. Further studies are warranted to explore the efficacy and safety of the MSC-based NK4 gene therapy in animals and cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yan Zeng
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xie
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Wen Luo
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun-He Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nong-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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Valcz G, Sipos F, Tulassay Z, Molnar B, Yagi Y. Importance of carcinoma-associated fibroblast-derived proteins in clinical oncology. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:1026-31. [PMID: 25135950 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoma-associated fibroblast (CAF) as prominent cell type of the tumour microenvironment has complex interaction with both the cancer cells and other non-neoplastic surrounding cells. The CAF-derived regulators and extracellular matrix proteins can support cancer progression by providing a protective microenvironment for the cancer cells via reduction of chemotherapy sensitivity. On the other hand, these proteins may act as powerful prognostic markers as well as potential targets of anticancer therapy. In this review, we summarise the clinical importance of the major CAF-derived signals influencing tumour behaviour and determining the outcome of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Valcz
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ferenc Sipos
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bela Molnar
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yukako Yagi
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Wright JW, Kawas LH, Harding JW. The development of small molecule angiotensin IV analogs to treat Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 125:26-46. [PMID: 25455861 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases are neurodegenerative diseases presently without effective drug treatments. AD is characterized by general cognitive impairment, difficulties with memory consolidation and retrieval, and with advanced stages episodes of agitation and anger. AD is increasing in frequency as life expectancy increases. Present FDA approved medications do little to slow disease progression and none address the underlying progressive loss of synaptic connections and neurons. New drug design approaches are needed beyond cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists. Patients with PD experience the symptomatic triad of bradykinesis, tremor-at-rest, and rigidity with the possibility of additional non-motor symptoms including sleep disturbances, depression, dementia, and autonomic nervous system failure. This review summarizes available information regarding the role of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in learning and memory and motor functions, with particular emphasis on research results suggesting a link between angiotensin IV (AngIV) interacting with the AT4 receptor subtype. Currently there is controversy over the identity of this AT4 receptor protein. Albiston and colleagues have offered convincing evidence that it is the insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP). Recently members of our laboratory have presented evidence that the brain AngIV/AT4 receptor system coincides with the brain hepatocyte growth factor/c-Met receptor system. In an effort to resolve this issue we have synthesized a number of small molecule AngIV-based compounds that are metabolically stable, penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and facilitate compromised memory and motor systems. These research efforts are described along with details concerning a recently synthesized molecule, Dihexa that shows promise in overcoming memory and motor dysfunctions by augmenting synaptic connectivity via the formation of new functional synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Wright
- Departments of Psychology, Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience and Program in Biotechnology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4820, USA; M3 Biotechnology, Inc., 4000 Mason Rd Suite 300, Box 352141, Seattle, WA 98195-2141, USA.
| | - Leen H Kawas
- Departments of Psychology, Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience and Program in Biotechnology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4820, USA; M3 Biotechnology, Inc., 4000 Mason Rd Suite 300, Box 352141, Seattle, WA 98195-2141, USA
| | - Joseph W Harding
- Departments of Psychology, Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience and Program in Biotechnology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4820, USA; M3 Biotechnology, Inc., 4000 Mason Rd Suite 300, Box 352141, Seattle, WA 98195-2141, USA
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16
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Furlan A, Kherrouche Z, Montagne R, Copin MC, Tulasne D. Thirty Years of Research on Met Receptor to Move a Biomarker from Bench to Bedside. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6737-44. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Montagne R, Furlan A, Kherrouche Z, Tulasne D. [Thirty years of Met receptor research: from the discovery of an oncogene to the development of targeted therapies]. Med Sci (Paris) 2014; 30:864-73. [PMID: 25311021 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20143010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1984, the Met receptor and its ligand, the HGF/SF, were discovered thanks to their ability to induce cell transformation and proliferation. Thirty years of research highlighted their crucial role in the development and homeostasis of various structures, including many epithelial organs. This period also allowed unraveling the structural basis of their interaction and their complex signaling network. In parallel, Met was shown to be deregulated and associated with a poor prognosis in many cancers. Met involvement in resistance to current therapies is also being deciphered. Based on these data, pharmaceutical companies developed a variety of Met inhibitors, some of which are evaluated in phase III clinical trials. In this review, we trace the exemplary track record of research on Met receptor, which allowed moving from bench to bedside through the development of therapies targeting its activity. Many questions still remain unanswered such as the involvement of Met in several processes of development, the mechanisms involving Met in resistance to current therapies or the likely emergence of resistances to Met-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Montagne
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de biologie de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, université de Lille 1 et 2, SIRIC ONCOLille, IFR142, 1, rue du Professeur Calmette, 59021 Lille, France
| | - Alessandro Furlan
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de biologie de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, université de Lille 1 et 2, SIRIC ONCOLille, IFR142, 1, rue du Professeur Calmette, 59021 Lille, France
| | - Zoulika Kherrouche
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de biologie de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, université de Lille 1 et 2, SIRIC ONCOLille, IFR142, 1, rue du Professeur Calmette, 59021 Lille, France
| | - David Tulasne
- CNRS UMR 8161, Institut de biologie de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, université de Lille 1 et 2, SIRIC ONCOLille, IFR142, 1, rue du Professeur Calmette, 59021 Lille, France
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18
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Xu J, Ai J, Liu S, Peng X, Yu L, Geng M, Nan F. Design and synthesis of 3,3'-biscoumarin-based c-Met inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:3721-34. [PMID: 24781551 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00364k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A library of biscoumarin-based c-Met inhibitors was synthesized, based on optimization of 3,3'-biscoumarin hit 3, which was identified as a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of c-Met from a diverse library of coumarin derivatives. Among these compounds, 38 and 40 not only showed potent enzyme activities with IC50 values of 107 nM and 30 nM, respectively, but also inhibited c-Met phosphorylation in BaF3/TPR-Met and EBC-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Xu
- Chinese National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 189 Guoshoujing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, Republic of China.
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19
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Tsunemi S, Iwasaki T, Kitano S, Matsumoto K, Takagi-Kimura M, Kubo S, Tamaoki T, Sano H. Molecular targeting of hepatocyte growth factor by an antagonist, NK4, in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R75. [PMID: 23876175 PMCID: PMC3978668 DOI: 10.1186/ar4252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent proangiogenic molecule that induces neovascularization. The HGF antagonist, NK4, competitively antagonizes HGF binding to its receptor. In the present study, we determined the inhibitory effect of NK4 in a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model using SKG mice. Methods Arthritis was induced in SKG mice by a single intraperitoneal injection of β-glucan. Recombinant adenovirus containing NK4 cDNA (AdCMV.NK4) was also injected intravenously at the time of or 1 month after β-glucan injection. Ankle bone destruction was examined radiographically. The histopathologic features of joints were examined using hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine the serum levels of HGF, interferon γ (IFN-γ, interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-17 production by CD4+ T cells stimulated with allogeneic spleen cells. Results The intravenous injection of AdCMV.NK4 into SKG mice suppressed the progression of β-glucan-induced arthritis. Bone destruction was also inhibited by NK4 treatment. The histopathologic findings of the ankles revealed that angiogenesis, inflammatory cytokines and RANKL expression in synovial tissues were significantly inhibited by NK4 treatment. Recombinant NK4 (rNK4) proteins inhibited IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 production by CD4+ T cells stimulated with allogeneic spleen cells. Conclusions These results indicate that NK4 inhibits arthritis by inhibition of angiogenesis and inflammatory cytokine production by CD4+ T cells. Therefore, molecular targeting of angiogenic inducers by NK4 can potentially be used as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of RA.
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Matafome P, Santos-Silva D, Sena CM, Seiça R. Common mechanisms of dysfunctional adipose tissue and obesity-related cancers. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2013; 29:285-95. [PMID: 23390053 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The relation between cancer and metabolic disorders was recognized several decades ago, but the underlying mechanisms involved in cancer development and progression remain obscure. In the last years, many groups have been studying systemic adipose tissue markers in cancer patients. However, few consistent results were obtained. On the other hand, several studies revealed many aspects of adipose tissue physiology in obesity. Nowadays, it is recognized that excessive lipid uptake in adipocytes leads to hypertrophy and consequently to metabolic dysregulation, hypoxia, inflammation, impaired adipocytokine expression and angiogenesis, insulin resistance and macrophage recruitment. In obese patients, tumours commonly colocalize with excessive adipose tissue accumulation, and most of the features of hypertrophic adipose tissue are observed in cancer patients, namely breast and colon. This review aimed to summarize pathological adipose tissue alterations that may contribute to cancer aetiology and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Matafome
- Laboratory of Physiology and IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.
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21
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The role of endosomal signaling triggered by metastatic growth factors in tumor progression. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1539-45. [PMID: 23571269 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Within tumor microenvironment, a lot of growth factors such as hepatocyte growth factor and epidermal growth factor may induce similar signal cascade downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and trigger tumor metastasis synergistically. In the past decades, the intimate relationship of RTK-mediated receptor endocytosis with signal transduction was well established. In general, most RTK undergoes clathrin-dependent endocytosis and/or clathrin-independent endocytosis. The internalized receptors may sustain the signaling within early endosome, recycling to plasma membrane for subsequent ligand engagement or sorting to late endosomes/lysosome for receptor degradation. Moreover, receptor endocytosis influences signal transduction in a temporal and spatial manner for periodical and polarized cellular processes such as cell migration. The endosomal signalings triggered by various metastatic factors are quite similar in some critical points, which are essential for triggering cell migration and tumor progression. There are common regulators for receptor endocytosis including dynamin, Rab4, Rab5, Rab11 and Cbl. Moreover, many critical regulators within the RTK signal pathway such as Grb2, p38, PKC and Src were also modulators of endocytosis. In the future, these may constitute a new category of targets for prevention of tumor metastasis.
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22
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Cui JJ, McTigue M, Nambu M, Tran-Dubé M, Pairish M, Shen H, Jia L, Cheng H, Hoffman J, Le P, Jalaie M, Goetz GH, Ryan K, Grodsky N, Deng YL, Parker M, Timofeevski S, Murray BW, Yamazaki S, Aguirre S, Li Q, Zou H, Christensen J. Discovery of a Novel Class of Exquisitely Selective Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition Factor (c-MET) Protein Kinase Inhibitors and Identification of the Clinical Candidate 2-(4-(1-(Quinolin-6-ylmethyl)-1H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-b]pyrazin-6-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanol (PF-04217903) for the Treatment of Cancer. J Med Chem 2012; 55:8091-109. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300967g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Jean Cui
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive,
San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michele McTigue
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive,
San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mitchell Nambu
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive,
San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michelle Tran-Dubé
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive,
San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mason Pairish
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive,
San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Hong Shen
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive,
San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lei Jia
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive,
San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Hengmiao Cheng
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive,
San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jacqui Hoffman
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive,
San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Phuong Le
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive,
San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mehran Jalaie
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive,
San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Gilles H. Goetz
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive,
San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kevin Ryan
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive,
San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Neil Grodsky
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive,
San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ya-li Deng
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive,
San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Max Parker
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive,
San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sergei Timofeevski
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive,
San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Brion W. Murray
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive,
San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Shinji Yamazaki
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive,
San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Shirley Aguirre
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive,
San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Qiuhua Li
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive,
San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Helen Zou
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive,
San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - James Christensen
- La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive,
San Diego, California 92121, United States
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23
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Nakagawa T, Takeuchi S, Yamada T, Nanjo S, Ishikawa D, Sano T, Kita K, Nakamura T, Matsumoto K, Suda K, Mitsudomi T, Sekido Y, Uenaka T, Yano S. Combined therapy with mutant-selective EGFR inhibitor and Met kinase inhibitor for overcoming erlotinib resistance in EGFR-mutant lung cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:2149-57. [PMID: 22844075 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) erlotinib and gefitinib have shown dramatic effects against EGFR mutant lung cancer, patients become resistant by various mechanisms, including gatekeeper EGFR-T790M mutation, Met amplification, and HGF overexpression, thereafter relapsing. Thus, it is urgent to develop novel agents to overcome EGFR-TKI resistance. We have tested the effects of the mutant-selective EGFR-TKI WZ4002 and the mutant-selective Met-TKI E7050 on 3 EGFR mutant lung cancer cell lines resistant to erlotinib by different mechanisms: PC-9/HGF cells with an exon 19 deletion, H1975 with an L858R mutation, and HCC827ER with an exon 19 deletion, with acquired resistance to erlotinib because of HGF gene transfection, gatekeeper T790M mutation, and Met amplification, respectively. WZ4002 inhibited the growth of H1975 cells with a gatekeeper T790M mutation, but did not inhibit the growth of HCC827ER and PC-9/HGF cells. HGF triggered the resistance of H1975 cells to WZ4002, whereas E7050 sensitized HCC827ER, PC-9/HGF, and HGF-treated H1975 cells to WZ4002, inhibiting EGFR and Met phosphorylation and their downstream molecules. Combined treatment potently inhibited the growth of tumors induced in severe-combined immunodeficient mice by H1975, HCC827ER, and PC-9/HGF cells, without any marked adverse events. These therapeutic effects were associated with the inhibition of EGFR and Met phosphorylation in vivo. The combination of a mutant-selective EGFR-TKI and a Met-TKI was effective in suppressing the growth of erlotinib-resistant tumors caused by gatekeeper T790M mutation, Met amplification, and HGF overexpression. Further evaluations in clinical trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nakagawa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0934, Japan
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Lim YC, Han JH, Kang HJ, Kim YS, Lee BH, Choi EC, Kim CH. Overexpression of c-Met promotes invasion and metastasis of small oral tongue carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2012; 48:1114-9. [PMID: 22704061 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
c-Met proto-oncogene, which is a receptor of ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), has been associated with cancer cell invasion. There have been no reports on the relationship between the expression of c-Met and tumor invasion and metastasis in small (T(1-2)) squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (SCCOT). We analyzed the relationship between c-Met expression and tumor invasion depth and lymph node metastasis in 71 surgically treated patients with small SCCOT using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we investigated the associations between the c-Met expression status and patient survival. In addition, we explored whether overexpression of c-Met enhances tumor growth and invasion of tongue cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Positive immunohistochemical staining of c-Met was observed in 39 (55%) samples. Presence of neck metastasis, and >4mm depth of tumor invasion, strongly correlated with c-Met expression in small SCCOT both by the univariate and multivariate analysis (p<.05). The survival rates with c-Met expression were significantly shorter than for patients without c-Met expression (p<.05). Constitutive activation of c-Met enhanced migration and invasion of tongue cancer cells in vitro through the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-1, -2, and -9, and promoted tongue cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. The results support the association of c-Met with the invasiveness and metastasis of small SCCOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Chang Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Yamada T, Takeuchi S, Nakade J, Kita K, Nakagawa T, Nanjo S, Nakamura T, Matsumoto K, Soda M, Mano H, Uenaka T, Yano S. Paracrine receptor activation by microenvironment triggers bypass survival signals and ALK inhibitor resistance in EML4-ALK lung cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:3592-602. [PMID: 22553343 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer cell microenvironments, including host cells, can critically affect cancer cell behaviors, including drug sensitivity. Although crizotinib, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of ALK and Met, shows dramatic effect against EML4-ALK lung cancer cells, these cells can acquire resistance to crizotinib by several mechanisms, including ALK amplification and gatekeeper mutation. We determined whether microenvironmental factors trigger ALK inhibitor resistance in EML4-ALK lung cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We tested the effects of ligands produced by endothelial cells and fibroblasts, and the cells themselves, on the susceptibility of EML4-ALK lung cancer cell lines to crizotinib and TAE684, a selective ALK inhibitor active against cells with ALK amplification and gatekeeper mutations, both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS EML4-ALK lung cancer cells were highly sensitive to ALK inhibitors. EGF receptor (EGFR) ligands, such as EGF, TGF-α, and HB-EGF, activated EGFR and triggered resistance to crizotinib and TAE684 by transducing bypass survival signaling through Erk1/2 and Akt. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) activated Met/Gab1 and triggered resistance to TAE684, but not crizotinib, which inhibits Met. Endothelial cells and fibroblasts, which produce the EGFR ligands and HGF, respectively, decreased the sensitivity of EML4-ALK lung cancer cells to crizotinib and TAE684, respectively. EGFR-TKIs resensitized these cells to crizotinib and Met-TKI to TAE684 even in the presence of EGFR ligands and HGF, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Paracrine receptor activation by ligands from the microenvironment may trigger resistance to ALK inhibitors in EML4-ALK lung cancer cells, suggesting that receptor ligands from microenvironment may be additional targets during treatment with ALK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadaaki Yamada
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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26
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Hepatocyte growth factor expression in EGFR mutant lung cancer with intrinsic and acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in a Japanese cohort. J Thorac Oncol 2012; 6:2011-7. [PMID: 22052230 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e31823ab0dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was performed to determine the incidence rates of resistance factors, i.e., high-level hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) expression, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M secondary mutation, and MET amplification, in tumors with intrinsic and acquired EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance in EGFR mutant lung cancer. METHODS Ninety-seven specimens from 93 EGFR mutant lung cancer patients (23 tumors with acquired resistance from 20 patients, 45 tumors with intrinsic resistance from 44 patients [nonresponders], 29 sensitive tumors from 29 patients) from 11 institutes in Japan were analyzed. HGF expression, EGFR T790M secondary mutation, and MET amplification were determined by immunohistochemistry, cycleave real-time polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescence in situ hybridization, respectively. RESULTS High-level HGF expression, EGFR T790M secondary mutation, and MET amplification were detected in 61, 52, and 9% of tumors with acquired resistance, respectively. High-level HGF expression was detected in 29% of tumors with intrinsic resistance (nonresponders), whereas EGFR T790M secondary mutation and MET amplification were detected in 0 and 4%, respectively. HGF expression was significantly higher in tumors with acquired resistance than in sensitive tumors (p < 0.001, Student's t test). Fifty percent of tumors with acquired resistance showed simultaneous HGF expression with EGFR T790M secondary mutation and MET amplification. CONCLUSIONS High-level HGF expression was detected more frequently than EGFR T790M secondary mutation or MET amplification in tumors with intrinsic and acquired EGFR-TKI resistance in EGFR mutant lung cancer in Japanese patients. These observations provide a rationale for targeting HGF in EGFR-TKI resistance in EGFR mutant lung cancer.
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Patel ZS, Grugan KD, Rustgi AK, Cucinotta FA, Huff JL. Ionizing radiation enhances esophageal epithelial cell migration and invasion through a paracrine mechanism involving stromal-derived hepatocyte growth factor. Radiat Res 2011; 177:200-8. [PMID: 22077339 DOI: 10.1667/rr2790.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide and the seventh leading cause of cancer death in the U.S. male population. Ionizing radiation exposure is a risk factor for development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, a histological subtype of esophageal cancer that is highly aggressive and is associated with poor patient prognosis. This study investigated the effects of ionizing radiation on the microenvironment and intercellular communication as it relates to esophageal carcinogenesis. We demonstrate that normal esophageal epithelial cells exhibited increased migration and invasion when cultured in the presence of irradiated stromal fibroblasts or with conditioned medium derived from irradiated stromal fibroblasts. Cytokine antibody arrays and ELISAs were used to identify hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as an abundant protein that is secreted by esophageal fibroblasts at twofold increased levels in culture medium after γ irradiation. Reverse transcription qPCR analysis confirmed an approximately 50% increase in mRNA levels for HGF at 1 h in irradiated fibroblasts compared to unirradiated controls. Recombinant HGF stimulated increased wound healing, migration and invasion of esophageal epithelial cells, while blocking antibodies against HGF significantly decreased migration and invasion of epithelial cells in coculture with irradiated fibroblasts. Since HGF is known to direct cell migration, invasion and metastasis in a variety of tissues, including the esophagus, its modulation by ionizing radiation may have important implications for nontargeted pathways that influence radiation carcinogenesis in the esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarana S Patel
- Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
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Kim NR, Chae YS, Lim WJ, Cho SJ. Expression of Hepatocyte Growth Factor/c-met by RT-PCR in Meningiomas. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.4132/koreanjpathol.2011.45.5.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Rae Kim
- Department of Pathology, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yang Seok Chae
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Weon Jeong Lim
- Department of Neurochiatry, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Jin Cho
- Department of Pathology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Stella GM, Benvenuti S, Comoglio PM. Targeting the MET oncogene in cancer and metastases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 19:1381-94. [PMID: 20868306 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2010.522988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD 'Invasive growth' is a genetic program involved in embryonic development and adult organ regeneration and usurped by cancer cells. Although its control is complex, tumor- and context-specific and regulated by several cytokines and growth factors, the role played by the MET oncogene is well documented. In human cancers the contribution of MET to invasive growth is mainly through overexpression, driven by unfavorable microenvironmental conditions. MET activation confers a selective advantage to neoplastic cells in tumor progression and drug resistance. A subset of tumors feature alterations of the MET gene and a consequent MET-addicted phenotype. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW The molecular basis and rationale of MET inhibition in cancer and metastases are discussed. A number of molecules designed to block MET signaling are under development and several Phase II trials are ongoing. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Knowledge of the state of the art of anti-MET targeted approaches and the molecular basis and strategies to select patients eligible for treatment with MET inhibitors. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Due to its versatile functions MET is a promising candidate for cancer therapy. Understanding molecular mechanisms of sensitization and resistance to MET inhibitors is a priority to guide tailored therapies and select patients that are most likely to achieve a clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia M Stella
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment (IRCC), University of Turin Medical School, I-10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
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Hoot KE, Oka M, Han G, Bottinger E, Zhang Q, Wang XJ. HGF upregulation contributes to angiogenesis in mice with keratinocyte-specific Smad2 deletion. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:3606-16. [PMID: 20852387 DOI: 10.1172/jci43304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β signaling can promote tumor formation and development or suppress it, depending on the cellular context and tumor stage. A potential target of this dual effect of TGF-β is HGF, as TGF-β can inhibit or promote its expression, although the mechanisms underlying this are largely unknown. In the present study, we found that mice with keratinocyte-specific deletion of the TGF-β signaling mediator Smad2 (referred to herein as K5.Smad2(-/-) mice), which have increased susceptibility to squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), exhibited angiogenesis associated with epithelial overexpression of HGF and endothelial activation of the HGF receptor c-Met. Application of a c-Met inhibitor abrogated angiogenesis, suggesting that HGF overexpression plays a major role in angiogenesis associated with epithelial Smad2 loss. On the Hgf promoter, Smad2 was mainly associated with transcriptional corepressors, whereas Smad4 was mainly associated with the transcriptional coactivator CREB-binding protein (CBP/p300). Smad2 loss caused increased binding of Smad4 and CBP/p300 to the Hgf promoter. Consistent with this, knocking down Smad2 in human keratinocytes caused increased levels of HGF, which were abrogated by concomitant knockdown of Smad3 and Smad4. Importantly, the incidence of HGF-positive human SCC was high in cases with Smad2 loss and lower when Smad4 was also lost. We therefore conclude that Smad2 loss causes HGF upregulation via loss of Smad2-mediated transcriptional repression and enhanced Smad3/4-mediated transactivation. Since Smad2 is often downregulated in human SCCs, our data suggest a therapeutic strategy of blocking HGF/c-Met activation for Smad2-deficient SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E Hoot
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Li F, Nandini CD, Hattori T, Bao X, Murayama D, Nakamura T, Fukushima N, Sugahara K. Structure of pleiotrophin- and hepatocyte growth factor-binding sulfated hexasaccharide determined by biochemical and computational approaches. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:27673-85. [PMID: 20584902 PMCID: PMC2934635 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.118703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2010] [Revised: 06/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous pleiotrophin and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mediate the neurite outgrowth-promoting activity of chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate (DS) hybrid chains isolated from embryonic pig brain. CS/DS hybrid chains isolated from shark skin have a different disaccharide composition, but also display these activities. In this study, pleiotrophin- and HGF-binding domains in shark skin CS/DS were investigated. A high affinity CS/DS fraction was isolated using a pleiotrophin-immobilized column. It showed marked neurite outgrowth-promoting activity and strong inhibitory activity against the binding of pleiotrophin to immobilized CS/DS chains from embryonic pig brain. The inhibitory activity was abolished by chondroitinase ABC or B, and partially reduced by chondroitinase AC-I. A pentasulfated hexasaccharide with a novel structure was isolated from the chondroitinase AC-I digest using pleiotrophin affinity and anion exchange chromatographies. It displayed a potent inhibitory effect on the binding of HGF to immobilized shark skin CS/DS chains, suggesting that the pleiotrophin- and HGF-binding domains at least partially overlap in the CS/DS chains involved in the neuritogenic activity. Computational chemistry using molecular modeling and calculations of the electrostatic potential of the hexasaccharide and two pleiotrophin-binding octasaccharides previously isolated from CS/DS hybrid chains of embryonic pig brain identified an electronegative zone potentially involved in the molecular recognition of the oligosaccharides by pleiotrophin. Homology modeling of pleiotrophin based on a related midkine protein structure predicted the binding pocket of pleiotrophin for the oligosaccharides and provided new insights into the molecular mechanism of the interactions between the oligosaccharides and pleiotrophin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchuan Li
- From the Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Sapporo 001-0021
- the Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558
| | | | | | - Xingfeng Bao
- the Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558
| | | | - Toshikazu Nakamura
- the Kringle Pharma Joint Research Division, Center for Advanced Science and Innovation, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Kazuyuki Sugahara
- From the Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Sapporo 001-0021
- the Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558
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Protection of human corneal epithelial cells from hypoxia-induced disruption of barrier function by hepatocyte growth factor. Exp Eye Res 2010; 90:337-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2009.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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p27 Nuclear localization and growth arrest caused by perlecan knockdown in human endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 392:403-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ichihara A. Reminiscence of 40-year research on nitrogen metabolism. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2010; 86:707-716. [PMID: 20689229 PMCID: PMC3066535 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.86.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This article summarizes my research over 40 years. The main theme of my work is nitrogen metabolism of amino acids, though later I focused on protein turnover in the cell. In the first years of my research work, I was busy dissecting the pathways involved in the metabolism of certain amino acids and their related enzymes. Then I became interested in the physiology and regulation of matabolism of these amino acids. For that, I used primary cultured hepatocytes, which contain many liver-specific enzymes. However, this play field was very rough around 1970 and hence I had to smooth them (differentiated) first. We discovered a specific growth factor (hepatocyte growth factor, HGF) in rat platelets. Exceptionally, I also worked on branched chain amino acids (valine, leucine and isoleucine). These amino acids are not efficiently metabolized in the liver, so I had to consider the physiology of extrahepatic tissues as well. Finally, I came across a huge protease complex, the proteasome. Whether these players, small amino acid metabolizing enzymes and the huge protease complex, danced well in harmony on my playground or not, I still do not know.
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Suzuki H, Toyoda M, Horiguchi N, Kakizaki S, Ohyama T, Takizawa D, Ichikawa T, Sato K, Takagi H, Mori M. Hepatocyte growth factor protects against Fas-mediated liver apoptosis in transgenic mice. Liver Int 2009; 29:1562-8. [PMID: 19725891 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2009.02102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis via the Fas/Fas ligand signalling system plays an important role in the development of various liver diseases. The administration of an agonistic anti-Fas antibody to mice causes massive hepatic apoptosis and fulminant hepatic failure. Several growth factors including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) have been found to prevent apoptosis. METHODS In this study, we demonstrated the overexpression of HGF to have a protective effect on Fas-mediated hepatic apoptosis using a transgenic mice (Tg mice) model. RESULTS In HGF Tg mice, the elevation of alanine aminotransferase was dramatically inhibited at 12 and 24 h after the administration of 0.15 mg/kg anti-Fas antibody. HGF Tg mice showed a significantly lower number of apoptotic hepatocytes at 12 h compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Furthermore, 85% (six of seven) HGF Tg mice were able to survive after the administration of 0.3 mg/kg anti-Fas antibody, while none of the WT mice survived. The Bcl-xL expression was increased in HGF Tg mice, while there was no difference in the expression of Bax, Bid, Mcl-1 and bcl-2 between WT mice and HGF Tg mice. In addition, the HGF Tg mice showed more Akt phosphorylation than the WT mice both before and after the anti-Fas antibody injection. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings suggest that HGF protects against Fas-mediated liver apoptosis in vivo, and the upregulation of Bcl-xL via Akt activation may also play a role in the protective effects of HGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Suzuki
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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Wang W, Li Q, Yamada T, Matsumoto K, Matsumoto I, Oda M, Watanabe G, Kayano Y, Nishioka Y, Sone S, Yano S. Crosstalk to stromal fibroblasts induces resistance of lung cancer to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:6630-8. [PMID: 19843665 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung cancers with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations show good clinical response to gefitinib and erlotinib, selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) to EGFR, but these tumors invariably develop drug resistance. Host stromal cells have been found to have a considerable effect on the behavior of cancer cells. Little is known, however, about the role of host cells on the sensitivity of cancer cells to receptor TKIs. We have therefore assessed the effect of crosstalk between stromal cells and lung cancer cells harboring EGFR mutations on susceptibility to EGFR-TKIs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We evaluated the gefitinib sensitivity of lung cancer cells with EGFR-activating mutations, PC-9 and HCC827, when cocultured with fibroblasts and coinjected into severe combined immunodeficient mice. We also examined the effect of lung cancer cells to fibroblast recruitment. RESULTS Both human fibroblast cell lines and primary cultured fibroblasts produced various levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Lung cancer cells markedly recruited fibroblasts. The lung cancer cells became resistant to EGFR-TKIs when cocultured in vitro with HGF-producing fibroblasts and coinjected into severe combined immunodeficient mice. Importantly, combined use of gefitinib plus anti-HGF antibody or the HGF antagonist, NK4, successfully overcame the fibroblast-induced EGFR-TKI resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Colocalization of fibroblasts and HGF was detected in both xenograft tumors in mouse model and lung cancer patient specimens. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that crosstalk to stromal fibroblasts plays a critical role in lung cancer resistance to EGFR-TKIs and may be an ideal therapeutic target in lung cancer with EGFR-activating mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Dumont F, Altmeyer A, Bischoff P. Radiosensitising agents for the radiotherapy of cancer: novel molecularly targeted approaches. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2009; 19:775-99. [PMID: 19456277 DOI: 10.1517/13543770902967666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of radiotherapy (RT) for cancer treatment is limited by normal tissue toxicity and by the intrinsic or acquired radioresistance of many tumours. Therefore, continuing efforts are conducted to identify radiosensitising agents that preferentially sensitise tumour cells to the cytotoxic action of RT. Recent progresses in molecular oncology have uncovered an array of novel targets, which may be exploited for RT enhancement. OBJECTIVE To survey the patent literature of the past 4 years pertaining to the development of molecularly targeted agents as potential tumour radiosensitisers. METHODS Patents were searched with a set of relevant keywords using several search engines. A Medline search on the same topics was performed in parallel. RESULTS/CONCLUSION A total of 48 patents/applications were selected. These concerned agents target molecular components of pathways involved in DNA damage repair, cell growth and survival signalling, apoptosis modulation and tumour angiogenesis. Current trials of some of these agents may reveal their value as clinical radiosensitisers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Dumont
- Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie EA-3430, Centre Régional de Lutte Contre le Cancer Paul Strauss, 3 rue de la porte de l'Hôpital, F-67065 Strasbourg, France
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Karamouzis MV, Konstantinopoulos PA, Papavassiliou AG. Targeting MET as a strategy to overcome crosstalk-related resistance to EGFR inhibitors. Lancet Oncol 2009; 10:709-17. [PMID: 19573800 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(09)70137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) pathway has a key role in carcinogenesis; it is implicated in proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, angiogenesis, migration, invasiveness, and metastasis. All of these molecular events are driven through membrane and intracellular coplayers and several downstream effector proteins. MET has been shown to cross react with epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) proteins and possibly substitutes their activity, thus conferring resistance to EGFR-targeting drugs. Therefore, identification of MET inhibitors might lead to new treatments for MET-triggered neoplasia and improve the sensitivity of molecularly targeted antineoplastic compounds that are currently in use. In this Review, we outline current data regarding the HGF-MET pathway during carcinogenesis and the strategies for therapeutic targeting of this pathway. We also discuss the rationale and future perspectives of the combinatorial blockade of HGF-MET and EGFR signalling cascades in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis V Karamouzis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Huang TT, Sarkaria SM, Cloughesy TF, Mischel PS. Targeted therapy for malignant glioma patients: lessons learned and the road ahead. Neurotherapeutics 2009; 6:500-12. [PMID: 19560740 PMCID: PMC3600166 DOI: 10.1016/j.nurt.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecularly targeted therapies are transforming the care of patients with malignant gliomas, including glioblastoma, the most common malignant primary brain tumor of adults. With an arsenal of small molecule inhibitors and antibodies that target key components of the signal transduction machinery that are commonly activated in gliomas, neuro-oncologists and neurosurgeons are poised to transform the care of these patients. Nonetheless, successful application of targeted therapies remains a challenge. Strategies are lacking for directing kinase inhibitor or other pathway-specific therapies to individual patients most likely to benefit. In addition, response to targeted agents is determined not only by the presence of the key mutant kinases, but also by other critical changes in the molecular circuitry of cancer cells, such as loss of key tumor suppressor proteins, the selection for kinase-resistant mutants, and the deregulation of feedback loops. Understanding these signaling networks, and studying them in patients, will be critical for developing rational combination therapies to suppress resistance for malignant glioma patients. Here we review the current status of molecular targeted therapies for malignant gliomas. We focus initially on identifying some of the insights gained to date from targeting the EGFR/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in patients and on how this has led toward a reconceptualization of some of the challenges and directions for targeted treatment. We describe how advances from the world of genomics have the potential to transform our approaches toward targeted therapy, and describe how a deeper understanding of the complex nature of cancer, and its adeptness at rewiring molecular circuitry to evade targeted agents, has raised new challenges and identified new leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany T. Huang
- grid.19006.3e0000000096326718Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095 Los Angeles, California
| | - Shawn M. Sarkaria
- grid.19006.3e0000000096326718Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095 Los Angeles, California
| | - Timothy F. Cloughesy
- grid.19006.3e0000000096326718Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095 Los Angeles, California
- grid.19006.3e0000000096326718Henry E. Singleton Brain Tumor Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095 Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul S. Mischel
- grid.19006.3e0000000096326718Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Molecular & Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095 Los Angeles, California
- grid.19006.3e0000000096326718Henry E. Singleton Brain Tumor Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095 Los Angeles, California
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Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is rapidly increasing world wide. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer and relapse. However, the biological factors that drive the growth and progression of these tumors and how obesity contributes to the tumor microenvironment are poorly understood. Tumor development and metastasis are dependent on the process of angiogenesis or the formation of new blood vessels. More importantly, a ready supply of adipose tissue-derived angiogenic adipokines, notably VEGF and leptin, and the production of inflammatory cytokines by infiltrating macrophages that occurs in adipose tissues with obesity, promotes the paracrine stimulation of vascular endothelial cell growth needed for adipogenesis, while maintaining a microenvironment that is favorable for breast tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Vona-Davis
- Department of Surgery and Breast Cancer Research Program, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, United States.
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Suppression of growth of Hela, EJ, SK-OV-3 and MDA-MB-231 cells by recombinant human NK4. Chin J Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11670-009-0028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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