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Cleaver L, Garnett JA. How to study biofilms: technological advancements in clinical biofilm research. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1335389. [PMID: 38156318 PMCID: PMC10753778 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1335389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is an important survival strategy commonly used by bacteria and fungi, which are embedded in a protective extracellular matrix of organic polymers. They are ubiquitous in nature, including humans and other animals, and they can be surface- and non-surface-associated, making them capable of growing in and on many different parts of the body. Biofilms are also complex, forming polymicrobial communities that are difficult to eradicate due to their unique growth dynamics, and clinical infections associated with biofilms are a huge burden in the healthcare setting, as they are often difficult to diagnose and to treat. Our understanding of biofilm formation and development is a fast-paced and important research focus. This review aims to describe the advancements in clinical biofilm research, including both in vitro and in vivo biofilm models, imaging techniques and techniques to analyse the biological functions of the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Cleaver
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Garnett
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Suyama H, Luu LDW, Zhong L, Raftery MJ, Lan R. Integrating proteomic data with metabolic modeling provides insight into key pathways of Bordetella pertussis biofilms. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1169870. [PMID: 37601354 PMCID: PMC10435875 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1169870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough is a severe respiratory disease caused by the bacterium, Bordetella pertussis. Despite widespread vaccination, pertussis resurgence has been observed globally. The development of the current acellular vaccine (ACV) has been based on planktonic studies. However, recent studies have shown that B. pertussis readily forms biofilms. A better understanding of B. pertussis biofilms is important for developing novel vaccines that can target all aspects of B. pertussis infection. This study compared the proteomic expression of biofilm and planktonic B. pertussis cells to identify key changes between the conditions. Major differences were identified in virulence factors including an upregulation of toxins (adenylate cyclase toxin and dermonecrotic toxin) and downregulation of pertactin and type III secretion system proteins in biofilm cells. To further dissect metabolic pathways that are altered during the biofilm lifestyle, the proteomic data was then incorporated into a genome scale metabolic model using the Integrative Metabolic Analysis Tool (iMAT). The generated models predicted that planktonic cells utilised the glyoxylate shunt while biofilm cells completed the full tricarboxylic acid cycle. Differences in processing aspartate, arginine and alanine were identified as well as unique export of valine out of biofilm cells which may have a role in inter-bacterial communication and regulation. Finally, increased polyhydroxybutyrate accumulation and superoxide dismutase activity in biofilm cells may contribute to increased persistence during infection. Taken together, this study modeled major proteomic and metabolic changes that occur in biofilm cells which helps lay the groundwork for further understanding B. pertussis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Suyama
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurence Don Wai Luu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ling Zhong
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark J. Raftery
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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3
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Vitelli M, Tamer IM, Pritzker M, Budman H. Modeling the effect of oxidative stress on Bordetella pertussis fermentations. Biotechnol Prog 2023; 39:e3335. [PMID: 36799126 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
A mathematical model is proposed for Bordetella pertussis with the main goal to better understand and describe the relation between cell growth, oxidative stress and NADPH levels under different oxidative conditions. The model is validated with flask experiments conducted under different conditions of oxidative stress induced by high initial glutamate concentrations, low initial inoculum and secondary culturing following exposure to starvation. The model exhibited good accuracy when calibrated and validated for the different experimental conditions. From comparisons of model predictions to data with different model mechanisms, it was concluded that intracellular reactive oxidative species only have an indirect effect on growth rate by reacting with NADPH and thereby reducing the amount of NADPH that is available for growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vitelli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | | | - Mark Pritzker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Hector Budman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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Carriquiriborde F, Martin Aispuro P, Ambrosis N, Zurita E, Bottero D, Gaillard ME, Castuma C, Rudi E, Lodeiro A, Hozbor DF. Pertussis Vaccine Candidate Based on Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived From Biofilm Culture. Front Immunol 2021; 12:730434. [PMID: 34603306 PMCID: PMC8479151 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) derived from Bordetella pertussis-the etiologic agent of the resurgent disease called pertussis-are safe and effective in preventing bacterial colonization in the lungs of immunized mice. Vaccine formulations containing those OMV are capable of inducing a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 profile, but even more interestingly, they may induce a tissue-resident memory immune response. This immune response is recommended for the new generation of pertussis-vaccines that must be developed to overcome the weaknesses of current commercial acellular vaccines (second-generation of pertussis vaccine). The third-generation of pertussis vaccine should also deal with infections caused by bacteria that currently circulate in the population and are phenotypically and genotypically different [in particular those deficient in the expression of pertactin antigen, PRN(-)] from those that circulated in the past. Here we evaluated the protective capacity of OMV derived from bacteria grown in biofilm, since it was observed that, by difference with older culture collection vaccine strains, circulating clinical B. pertussis isolates possess higher capacity for this lifestyle. Therefore, we performed studies with a clinical isolate with good biofilm-forming capacity. Biofilm lifestyle was confirmed by both scanning electron microscopy and proteomics. While scanning electron microscopy revealed typical biofilm structures in these cultures, BipA, fimbria, and other adhesins described as typical of the biofilm lifestyle were overexpressed in the biofilm culture in comparison with planktonic culture. OMV derived from biofilm (OMVbiof) or planktonic lifestyle (OMVplank) were used to formulate vaccines to compare their immunogenicity and protective capacities against infection with PRN(+) or PRN(-) B. pertussis clinical isolates. Using the mouse protection model, we detected that OMVbiof-vaccine was more immunogenic than OMVplank-vaccine in terms of both specific antibody titers and quality, since OMVbiof-vaccine induced antibodies with higher avidity. Moreover, when OMV were administered at suboptimal quantity for protection, OMVbiof-vaccine exhibited a significantly adequate and higher protective capacity against PRN(+) or PRN(-) than OMVplank-vaccine. Our findings indicate that the vaccine based on B. pertussis biofilm-derived OMV induces high protection also against pertactin-deficient strains, with a robust immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Carriquiriborde
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pablo Martin Aispuro
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Ambrosis
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Zurita
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniela Bottero
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Emilia Gaillard
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Celina Castuma
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Erika Rudi
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Aníbal Lodeiro
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniela F. Hozbor
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT-CONICET La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Favre L, Ortalo-Magné A, Kerloch L, Pichereaux C, Misson B, Briand JF, Garnier C, Culioli G. Metabolomic and proteomic changes induced by growth inhibitory concentrations of copper in the biofilm-forming marine bacteriumPseudoalteromonas lipolytica. Metallomics 2019; 11:1887-1899. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00184k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Copper exposure inP. lipolyticaTC8 revealed changes in cell membrane lipid composition and in copper cell homeostasis protein regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carole Pichereaux
- Fédération de Recherche FR3450
- Agrobiosciences
- Interaction et Biodiversité (AIB)
- CNRS
- Toulouse
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Cattelan N, Yantorno OM, Deora R. Structural Analysis of Bordetella pertussis Biofilms by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e2953. [PMID: 30160901 PMCID: PMC6108551 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are sessile communities of microbial cells embedded in a self-produced or host-derived exopolymeric matrix. Biofilms can both be beneficial or detrimental depending on the surface. Compared to their planktonic counterparts, biofilm cells display enhanced resistance to killing by environmental threats, chemicals, antimicrobials and host immune defenses. When in biofilms, the microbial cells interact with each other and with the surface to develop architecturally complex multi-dimensional structures. Numerous imaging techniques and tools are currently available for architectural analyses of biofilm communities. This allows examination of biofilm development through acquisition of three-dimensional images that can render structural features of the sessile community. A frequently utilized tool is Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. We present a detailed protocol to grow, observe and analyze biofilms of the respiratory human pathogen, Bordetella pertussis in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Cattelan
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI, CONICET-CCT-La Plata), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Miguel Yantorno
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI, CONICET-CCT-La Plata), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Rajendar Deora
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity; Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Villalba MI, Stupar P, Chomicki W, Bertacchi M, Dietler G, Arnal L, Vela ME, Yantorno O, Kasas S. Nanomotion Detection Method for Testing Antibiotic Resistance and Susceptibility of Slow-Growing Bacteria. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:1702671. [PMID: 29205867 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms and are often severe. Time to fully characterize an infectious agent after sampling and to find the right antibiotic and dose are important factors in the overall success of a patient's treatment. Previous results suggest that a nanomotion detection method could be a convenient tool for reducing antibiotic sensitivity characterization time to several hours. Here, the application of the method for slow-growing bacteria is demonstrated, taking Bordetella pertussis strains as a model. A low-cost nanomotion device is able to characterize B. pertussis sensitivity against specific antibiotics within several hours, instead of days, as it is still the case with conventional growth-based techniques. It can discriminate between resistant and susceptible B. pertussis strains, based on the changes of the sensor's signal before and after the antibiotic addition. Furthermore, minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of clinically applied antibiotics are compared using both techniques and the suggested similarity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ines Villalba
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI-CONICET-CCT La Plata), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Petar Stupar
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wojciech Chomicki
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Massimiliano Bertacchi
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Dietler
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Arnal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA-CONICET-CCT La Plata), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Elena Vela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA-CONICET-CCT La Plata), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Yantorno
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI-CONICET-CCT La Plata), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sandor Kasas
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Plateforme de Morphologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lausanne, 1009, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Dorji D, Mooi F, Yantorno O, Deora R, Graham RM, Mukkur TK. Bordetella Pertussis virulence factors in the continuing evolution of whooping cough vaccines for improved performance. Med Microbiol Immunol 2017; 207:3-26. [PMID: 29164393 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-017-0524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite high vaccine coverage, whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis remains one of the most common vaccine-preventable diseases worldwide. Introduction of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines in the 1940s and acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines in 1990s reduced the mortality due to pertussis. Despite induction of both antibody and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses by aP and wP vaccines, there has been resurgence of pertussis in many countries in recent years. Possible reasons hypothesised for resurgence have ranged from incompliance with the recommended vaccination programmes with the currently used aP vaccine to infection with a resurged clinical isolates characterised by mutations in the virulence factors, resulting in antigenic divergence with vaccine strain, and increased production of pertussis toxin, resulting in dampening of immune responses. While use of these vaccines provide varying degrees of protection against whooping cough, protection against infection and transmission appears to be less effective, warranting continuation of efforts in the development of an improved pertussis vaccine formulations capable of achieving this objective. Major approaches currently under evaluation for the development of an improved pertussis vaccine include identification of novel biofilm-associated antigens for incorporation in current aP vaccine formulations, development of live attenuated vaccines and discovery of novel non-toxic adjuvants capable of inducing both antibody and CMI. In this review, the potential roles of different accredited virulence factors, including novel biofilm-associated antigens, of B. pertussis in the evolution, formulation and delivery of improved pertussis vaccines, with potential to block the transmission of whooping cough in the community, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorji Dorji
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, 6102, Australia
- Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Khesar Gyalpo Medical University of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Frits Mooi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Osvaldo Yantorno
- Laboratorio de Biofilms Microbianos, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI-CONICET-CCT La Plata), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Rajendar Deora
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ross M Graham
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, 6102, Australia
| | - Trilochan K Mukkur
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, 6102, Australia.
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Hyperbiofilm Formation by Bordetella pertussis Strains Correlates with Enhanced Virulence Traits. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00373-17. [PMID: 28893915 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00373-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pertussis, or whooping cough, caused by the obligate human pathogen Bordetella pertussis is undergoing a worldwide resurgence. The majority of studies of this pathogen are conducted with laboratory-adapted strains which may not be representative of the species as a whole. Biofilm formation by B. pertussis plays an important role in pathogenesis. We conducted a side-by-side comparison of the biofilm-forming abilities of the prototype laboratory strains and the currently circulating isolates from two countries with different vaccination programs. Compared to the reference strain, all strains examined herein formed biofilms at high levels. Biofilm structural analyses revealed country-specific differences, with strains from the United States forming more structured biofilms. Bacterial hyperaggregation and reciprocal expression of biofilm-promoting and -inhibitory factors were observed in clinical isolates. An association of increased biofilm formation with augmented epithelial cell adhesion and higher levels of bacterial colonization in the mouse nose and trachea was detected. To our knowledge, this work links for the first time increased biofilm formation in bacteria with a colonization advantage in an animal model. We propose that the enhanced biofilm-forming capacity of currently circulating strains contributes to their persistence, transmission, and continued circulation.
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Luu LDW, Octavia S, Zhong L, Raftery M, Sintchenko V, Lan R. Characterisation of the Bordetella pertussis secretome under different media. J Proteomics 2017; 158:43-51. [PMID: 28242451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the Bordetella pertussis secretome remains limited including the role of different growth conditions in the secretome. In this study the secretome of L1423, a clinical isolate from the 2008-2012 Australian epidemic, cultured on Stainer-Scholte (SS) and Thalen-IJssel (THIJS) media for 12h was characterised using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In the supernatant, LC-MS/MS identified 260 proteins with 143 bioinformatically predicted to be secreted. Eighty percent of proteins were identified in both media. Proteins secreted were functionally associated with cell surface (41%), pathogenicity (16%) and transport (17%). The most abundant proteins identified were pathogenic proteins including toxins (PtxA and CyaA), adhesins (TcfA) and type III secretion (T3SS) proteins. There were 46 proteins found uniquely in THIJS including 8 virulence associated proteins. These included T3SS proteins, adhesins (FhaL and FhaS) and a putative toxin (BP1251). Nine proteins were found uniquely in SS and these were metabolic and transport-related proteins. None of the unique proteins detected in SS were known to be virulence associated. This study found that THIJS promotes secretion of virulence factors based on the number of unique virulence proteins found and may be a growth media of choice for the study of B. pertussis virulence and vaccine development. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Over the past two decades, the number of B. pertussis notifications has risen despite vaccination. There is a greater need to understand the biology behind B. pertussis infections. The secretome of B. pertussis in two different media was characterised using LC-MS/MS. The results showed that THIJS promotes secretion of importance virulence factors which may be important for the development of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Don Wai Luu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sophie Octavia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ling Zhong
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Raftery
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vitali Sintchenko
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research - Pathology West, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Cattelan N, Villalba MI, Parisi G, Arnal L, Serra DO, Aguilar M, Yantorno O. Outer membrane protein OmpQ of Bordetella bronchiseptica is required for mature biofilm formation. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2015; 162:351-363. [PMID: 26673448 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bordetella bronchiseptica, an aerobic Gram-negative bacterium, is capable of colonizing the respiratory tract of diverse animals and chronically persists inside the hosts by forming biofilm. Most known virulence factors in Bordetella species are regulated by the BvgAS two-component transduction system. The Bvg-activated proteins play a critical role during host infection. OmpQ is an outer membrane porin protein which is expressed under BvgAS control. Here, we studied the contribution of OmpQ to the biofilm formation process by B. bronchiseptica. We found that the lack of expression of OmpQ did not affect the growth kinetics and final biomass of B. bronchiseptica under planktonic growth conditions. The ΔompQ mutant strain displayed no differences in attachment level and in early steps of biofilm formation. However, deletion of the ompQ gene attenuated the ability of B. bronchiseptica to form a mature biofilm. Analysis of ompQ gene expression during the biofilm formation process by B. bronchiseptica showed a dynamic expression pattern, with an increase of biofilm culture at 48 h. Moreover, we demonstrated that the addition of serum anti-OmpQ had the potential to reduce the biofilm biomass formation in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, we showed for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, evidence of the contribution of OmpQ to a process of importance for B. bronchiseptica pathobiology. Our results indicate that OmpQ plays a role during the biofilm development process, particularly at later stages of development, and that this porin could be a potential target for strategies of biofilm formation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Cattelan
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI, CONICET-CCT-La Plata),Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata,Argentina
| | - María Inés Villalba
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI, CONICET-CCT-La Plata),Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata,Argentina
| | - Gustavo Parisi
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología,Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires,Argentina
| | - Laura Arnal
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI, CONICET-CCT-La Plata),Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata,Argentina
| | - Diego Omar Serra
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI, CONICET-CCT-La Plata),Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata,Argentina
| | - Mario Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas,Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM, CONICET-CCT-La Plata), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata,Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Yantorno
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI, CONICET-CCT-La Plata),Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata,Argentina
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Arnal L, Grunert T, Cattelan N, de Gouw D, Villalba MI, Serra DO, Mooi FR, Ehling-Schulz M, Yantorno OM. Bordetella pertussis Isolates from Argentinean Whooping Cough Patients Display Enhanced Biofilm Formation Capacity Compared to Tohama I Reference Strain. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1352. [PMID: 26696973 PMCID: PMC4672677 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is a highly contagious disease mainly caused by Bordetella pertussis. Despite the massive use of vaccines, since the 1950s the disease has become re-emergent in 2000 with a shift in incidence from infants to adolescents and adults. Clearly, the efficacy of current cellular or acellular vaccines, formulated from bacteria grown in stirred bioreactors is limited, presenting a challenge for future vaccine development. For gaining insights into the role of B. pertussis biofilm development for host colonization and persistence within the host, we examined the biofilm forming capacity of eight argentinean clinical isolates recovered from 2001 to 2007. All clinical isolates showed an enhanced potential for biofilm formation compared to the reference strain Tohama I. We further selected the clinical isolate B. pertussis 2723, exhibiting the highest biofilm biomass production, for quantitative proteomic profiling by means of two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) coupled with mass spectrometry, which was accompanied by targeted transcriptional analysis. Results revealed an elevated expression of several virulence factors, including adhesins involved in biofilm development. In addition, we observed a higher expression of energy metabolism enzymes in the clinical isolate compared to the Tohama I strain. Furthermore, all clinical isolates carried a polymorphism in the bvgS gene. This mutation was associated to an increased sensitivity to modulation and a faster rate of adhesion to abiotic surfaces. Thus, the phenotypic biofilm characteristics shown by the clinical isolates might represent an important, hitherto underestimated, adaptive strategy for host colonization and long time persistence within the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Arnal
- CINDEFI-Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tom Grunert
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalia Cattelan
- CINDEFI-Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daan de Gouw
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Netherlands ; Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - María I Villalba
- CINDEFI-Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego O Serra
- CINDEFI-Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Mikrobiologie, Institut for Biologie, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Frits R Mooi
- Netherlands Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Osvaldo M Yantorno
- CINDEFI-Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cattelan N, Dubey P, Arnal L, Yantorno OM, Deora R. Bordetella biofilms: a lifestyle leading to persistent infections. Pathog Dis 2015; 74:ftv108. [PMID: 26586694 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella bronchiseptica and B. pertussis are Gram-negative bacteria that cause respiratory diseases in animals and humans. The current incidence of whooping cough or pertussis caused by B. pertussis has reached levels not observed since the 1950s. Although pertussis is traditionally known as an acute childhood disease, it has recently resurged in vaccinated adolescents and adults. These individuals often become silent carriers, facilitating bacterial circulation and transmission. Similarly, vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals continue to be carriers of B. bronchiseptica and shed bacteria resulting in disease outbreaks. The persistence mechanisms of these bacteria remain poorly characterized. It has been proposed that adoption of a biofilm lifestyle allows persistent colonization of the mammalian respiratory tract. The history of Bordetella biofilm research is only a decade long and there is no single review article that has exclusively focused on this area. We systematically discuss the role of Bordetella factors in biofilm development in vitro and in the mouse respiratory tract. We further outline the implications of biofilms to bacterial persistence and transmission in humans and for the design of new acellular pertussis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Cattelan
- Microbial Biofilm Laboratory, CINDEFI-CONICET-CCT La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata (1900), Argentina
| | - Purnima Dubey
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Laura Arnal
- Microbial Biofilm Laboratory, CINDEFI-CONICET-CCT La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata (1900), Argentina
| | - Osvaldo M Yantorno
- Microbial Biofilm Laboratory, CINDEFI-CONICET-CCT La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata (1900), Argentina
| | - Rajendar Deora
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Chavez-Dozal A, Gorman C, Nishiguchi MK. Proteomic and metabolomic profiles demonstrate variation among free-living and symbiotic vibrio fischeri biofilms. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:226. [PMID: 26494154 PMCID: PMC4619220 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A number of bacterial species are capable of growing in various life history modes that enable their survival and persistence in both planktonic free-living stages as well as in biofilm communities. Mechanisms contributing to either planktonic cell or biofilm persistence and survival can be carefully delineated using multiple differential techniques (e.g., genomics and transcriptomics). In this study, we present both proteomic and metabolomic analyses of Vibrio fischeri biofilms, demonstrating the potential for combined differential studies for elucidating life-history switches important for establishing the mutualism through biofilm formation and host colonization. Methods The study used a metabolomics/proteomics or “meta-proteomics” approach, referring to the combined protein and metabolic data analysis that bridges the gap between phenotypic changes (planktonic cell to biofilm formation) with genotypic changes (reflected in protein/metabolic profiles). Our methods used protein shotgun construction, followed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detection and quantification for both free-living and biofilm forming V. fischeri. Results We present a time-resolved picture of approximately 100 proteins (2D-PAGE and shotgun proteomics) and 200 metabolites that are present during the transition from planktonic growth to community biofilm formation. Proteins involved in stress response, DNA repair damage, and transport appeared to be highly expressed during the biofilm state. In addition, metabolites detected in biofilms correspond to components of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) matrix (sugars and glycerol-derived). Alterations in metabolic enzymes were paralleled by more pronounced changes in concentration of intermediates from the glycolysis pathway as well as several amino acids. Conclusions This combined analysis of both types of information (proteins, metabolites) has provided a more complete picture of the biochemical processes of biofilm formation and what determines the switch between the two life history strategies. The reported findings have broad implications for Vibrio biofilm ecology, and mechanisms for successful survival in the host and environment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0560-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Chavez-Dozal
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Box 30001, MSC 3AF, Las Cruces, NM, 88003-8001, USA.
| | - Clayton Gorman
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Box 30001, MSC 3AF, Las Cruces, NM, 88003-8001, USA.
| | - Michele K Nishiguchi
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Box 30001, MSC 3AF, Las Cruces, NM, 88003-8001, USA.
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Little DJ, Milek S, Bamford NC, Ganguly T, DiFrancesco BR, Nitz M, Deora R, Howell PL. The protein BpsB is a poly-β-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine deacetylase required for biofilm formation in Bordetella bronchiseptica. J Biol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26203190 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.672469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica are the causative agents of whooping cough in humans and a variety of respiratory diseases in animals, respectively. Bordetella species produce an exopolysaccharide, known as the Bordetella polysaccharide (Bps), which is encoded by the bpsABCD operon. Bps is required for Bordetella biofilm formation, colonization of the respiratory tract, and confers protection from complement-mediated killing. In this report, we have investigated the role of BpsB in the biosynthesis of Bps and biofilm formation by B. bronchiseptica. BpsB is a two-domain protein that localizes to the periplasm and outer membrane. BpsB displays metal- and length-dependent deacetylation on poly-β-1,6-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (PNAG) oligomers, supporting previous immunogenic data that suggests Bps is a PNAG polymer. BpsB can use a variety of divalent metal cations for deacetylase activity and showed highest activity in the presence of Ni(2+) and Co(2+). The structure of the BpsB deacetylase domain is similar to the PNAG deacetylases PgaB and IcaB and contains the same circularly permuted family four carbohydrate esterase motifs. Unlike PgaB from Escherichia coli, BpsB is not required for polymer export and has unique structural differences that allow the N-terminal deacetylase domain to be active when purified in isolation from the C-terminal domain. Our enzymatic characterizations highlight the importance of conserved active site residues in PNAG deacetylation and demonstrate that the C-terminal domain is required for maximal deacetylation of longer PNAG oligomers. Furthermore, we show that BpsB is critical for the formation and complex architecture of B. bronchiseptica biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin J Little
- From the Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, the Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sonja Milek
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, and
| | - Natalie C Bamford
- From the Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, the Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Tridib Ganguly
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, and
| | | | - Mark Nitz
- the Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Rajendar Deora
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, and
| | - P Lynne Howell
- From the Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, the Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada,
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Khemiri A, Jouenne T, Cosette P. Proteomics dedicated to biofilmology: What have we learned from a decade of research? Med Microbiol Immunol 2015; 205:1-19. [PMID: 26068406 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-015-0423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Advances in proteomics techniques over the past decade, closely integrated with genomic and physicochemical approach, have played a great role in developing knowledge of the biofilm lifestyle of bacteria. Despite bacterial proteome versatility, many studies have demonstrated the ability of proteomics approaches to elucidating the biofilm phenotype. Though these investigations have been largely used for biofilm studies in the last decades, they represent, however, a very low percentage of proteomics works performed up to now. Such approaches have offered new targets for combating microbial biofilms by providing a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative overview of their protein cell content. Herein, we summarized the state of the art in knowledge about biofilm physiology after one decade of proteomic analysis. In a second part, we highlighted missing research tracks for the next decade, emphasizing the emergence of posttranslational modifications in proteomic studies stemming from recent advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbia Khemiri
- CNRS, UMR 6270, Laboratory "Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces", 76820, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
- University of Normandy, UR, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
- PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, 76820, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
| | - Thierry Jouenne
- CNRS, UMR 6270, Laboratory "Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces", 76820, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Normandy, UR, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, 76820, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Pascal Cosette
- CNRS, UMR 6270, Laboratory "Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces", 76820, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- University of Normandy, UR, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, 76820, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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17
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Grunert T, Monahan A, Lassnig C, Vogl C, Müller M, Ehling-Schulz M. Deciphering host genotype-specific impacts on the metabolic fingerprint of Listeria monocytogenes by FTIR spectroscopy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115959. [PMID: 25541972 PMCID: PMC4277405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens are known for their wide range of strategies to specifically adapt to host environments and infection sites. An in-depth understanding of these adaptation mechanisms is crucial for the development of effective therapeutics and new prevention measures. In this study, we assessed the suitability of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for monitoring metabolic adaptations of the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes to specific host genotypes and for exploring the potential of FTIR spectroscopy to gain novel insights into the host-pathogen interaction. Three different mouse genotypes, showing different susceptibility to L. monocytogenes infections, were challenged with L. monocytogenes and re-isolated bacteria were subjected to FTIR spectroscopy. The bacteria from mice with different survival characteristics showed distinct IR spectral patterns, reflecting specific changes in the backbone conformation and the hydrogen-bonding pattern of the protein secondary structure in the bacterial cell. Coupling FTIR spectroscopy with chemometrics allowed us to link bacterial metabolic fingerprints with host infection susceptibility and to decipher longtime memory effects of the host on the bacteria. After prolonged cultivation of host-passaged bacteria under standard laboratory conditions, the host's imprint on bacterial metabolism vanished, which suggests a revertible metabolic adaptation of bacteria to host environment and loss of host environment triggered memory effects over time. In summary, our work demonstrates the potential and power of FTIR spectroscopy to be used as a fast, simple and highly discriminatory tool to investigate the mechanism of bacterial host adaptation on a macromolar and metabolic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Grunert
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Avril Monahan
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claus Vogl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Department for Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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18
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de Gouw D, Serra DO, de Jonge MI, Hermans PW, Wessels HJ, Zomer A, Yantorno OM, Diavatopoulos DA, Mooi FR. The vaccine potential of Bordetella pertussis biofilm-derived membrane proteins. Emerg Microbes Infect 2014; 3:e58. [PMID: 26038752 PMCID: PMC4150286 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2014.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pertussis is an infectious respiratory disease of humans caused by the gram-negative pathogen Bordetella pertussis. The use of acellular pertussis vaccines (aPs) which induce immunity of relative short duration and the emergence of vaccine-adapted strains are thought to have contributed to the recent resurgence of pertussis in industrialized countries despite high vaccination coverage. Current pertussis vaccines consist of antigens derived from planktonic bacterial cultures. However, recent studies have shown that biofilm formation represents an important aspect of B. pertussis infection, and antigens expressed during this stage may therefore be potential targets for vaccination. Here we provide evidence that vaccination of mice with B. pertussis biofilm-derived membrane proteins protects against infection. Subsequent proteomic analysis of the protein content of biofilm and planktonic cultures yielded 11 proteins which were ≥three-fold more abundant in biofilms, of which Bordetella intermediate protein A (BipA) was the most abundant, surface-exposed protein. As proof of concept, mice were vaccinated with recombinantly produced BipA. Immunization significantly reduced colonization of the lungs and antibodies to BipA were found to efficiently opsonize bacteria. Finally, we confirmed that bipA is expressed during respiratory tract infection of mice, and that anti-BipA antibodies are present in the serum of convalescent whooping cough patients. Together, these data suggest that biofilm proteins and in particular BipA may be of interest for inclusion into future pertussis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan de Gouw
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands ; Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Diego O Serra
- Nijmegen Centre for Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Proteomics Centre, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands ; Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Wm Hermans
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands ; Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Jct Wessels
- Netherlands Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven 3720 BA, The Netherlands
| | - Aldert Zomer
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands ; Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Osvaldo M Yantorno
- Nijmegen Centre for Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Proteomics Centre, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitri A Diavatopoulos
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands ; Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Frits R Mooi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands ; Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands ; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), CONICET-CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata B1900 ASH, Argentina
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Identification of HSP90 as potential biomarker of biliary atresia using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68602. [PMID: 23874684 PMCID: PMC3708914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary atresia (BA) is a devastating cholestatic liver disease targeting infants. Current diagnosis depends on surgical exploration of the biliary tree. The aim of the present study was to identify potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA). Two-dimensional electrophoresis was utilized for the identification of proteins that were differentially expressed in liver biopsies of 20 BA patients and 12 infants with non-BA neonatal cholestasis (NC) as controls. Using mass spectrometry, we identified 15 proteins with expressions significantly altered. Out of the 15 proteins identified, heat shock protein (HSP) 90 was the most significantly altered and was down-regulated in BA samples compared to NC samples using immunoblotting analysis. Our findings suggest that HSP90 might be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of BA and may be used for monitoring further development and therapy for BA. This study demonstrated that a comprehensive strategy of proteomic identification combined with further validation should be adopted in biomarker discovery.
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20
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Sugisaki K, Hanawa T, Yonezawa H, Osaki T, Fukutomi T, Kawakami H, Yamamoto T, Kamiya S. Role of (p)ppGpp in biofilm formation and expression of filamentous structures in Bordetella pertussis. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2013; 159:1379-1389. [PMID: 23676431 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.066597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, is highly adapted to cause human infection. The production of virulence factors, such as adhesins and toxins, is just part of an array of mechanisms by which B. pertussis causes infection. The stringent response is a global bacterial response to nutritional limitation that is mediated by the accumulation of cellular ppGpp and pppGpp [termed together as (p)ppGpp]. Here, we demonstrate that production of (p)ppGpp was controlled by RelA and SpoT proteins in B. pertussis, and that mutation-induced loss of both proteins together caused deficiencies in (p)ppGpp production. The (p)ppGpp-deficient mutants also exhibited defects in growth regulation, decreases in viability under nutritionally limited conditions, increases in susceptibility to oxidative stress and defects in biofilm formation. Analysis of the secreted proteins and the respective transcripts showed that lack of (p)ppGpp led to decreased expression of fim3 and bsp22, which encode a fimbrial subunit and the self-polymerizing type III secretion system tip protein, respectively. Moreover, electron microscopic analysis also indicated that (p)ppGpp regulated the formation of filamentous structures. Most virulence genes - including fim3 and bsp22 - were expressed in the Bvg(+) phase during which the BvgAS two-component system was activated. Although fim3 and bsp22 were downregulated in a (p)ppGpp-deficient mutant, normal expression of fhaB, cyaA and ptxA persisted. Lack of coherence between virulence gene expression and (p)ppGpp production indicated that (p)ppGpp did not modulate the Bvg phase. Taken together, our data indicate that (p)ppGpp may govern an as-yet-unrecognized system that influences B. pertussis pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Sugisaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hanawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hideo Yonezawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Takako Osaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukutomi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hayato Kawakami
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kamiya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
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Xu Z, Fang X, Wood TK, Huang ZJ. A systems-level approach for investigating Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57050. [PMID: 23451140 PMCID: PMC3579789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of the initiation of biofilm formation is the most important step for combating biofilm-associated pathogens, as the ability of pathogens to resist antibiotics is enhanced 10 to 1000 times once biofilms are formed. Genes essential to bacterial growth in the planktonic state are potential targets to treat biofilm-associated pathogens. However, the biofilm formation capability of strains with mutations in these essential genes must be evaluated, since the pathogen might form a biofilm before it is eliminated. In order to address this issue, this work proposes a systems-level approach to quantifying the biofilm formation capability of mutants to determine target genes that are essential for bacterial metabolism in the planktonic state but do not induce biofilm formation in their mutants. The changes of fluxes through the reactions associated with the genes positively related to biofilm formation are used as soft sensors in the flux balance analysis to quantify the trend of biofilm formation upon the mutation of an essential gene. The essential genes whose mutants are predicted not to induce biofilm formation are regarded as gene targets. The proposed approach was applied to identify target genes to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. It is interesting to find that most essential gene mutants exhibit high potential to induce the biofilm formation while most non-essential gene mutants do not. Critically, we identified four essential genes, lysC, cysH, adk, and galU, that constitute gene targets to treat P. aeruginosa. They have been suggested by existing experimental data as potential drug targets for their crucial role in the survival or virulence of P. aeruginosa. It is also interesting to find that P. aeruginosa tends to survive the essential-gene mutation treatment by mainly enhancing fluxes through 8 metabolic reactions that regulate acetate metabolism, arginine metabolism, and glutamate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Arnal L, Serra DO, Cattelan N, Castez MF, Vázquez L, Salvarezza RC, Yantorno OM, Vela ME. Adhesin contribution to nanomechanical properties of the virulent Bordetella pertussis envelope. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:7461-7469. [PMID: 22515332 DOI: 10.1021/la300811m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Adherence to a biological surface allows bacteria to colonize and persist within the host and represents an essential first step in the pathogenesis of most bacterial diseases. Consequently, the physicochemical properties of the outer membrane in bacteria play a key role for attachment to surfaces and therefore for biofilm formation. Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the respiratory tract of humans, producing whooping cough or pertussis, a highly infectious disease. B. pertussis uses various adhesins exposed on its surface to promote cell-surface and cell-cell interactions. The most dominant adhesin function is displayed by filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA). B. pertussis Tohama I wild-type (Vir+) strain and two defective mutants, an avirulent (Vir-) and a FHA-deficient (FHA-) B. pertussis strains were studied by AFM under physiological conditions to evaluate how the presence or absence of adhesins affects the mechanical properties of the B. pertussis cell surface. Quantitative information on the nanomechanical properties of the bacterial envelope was obtained by AFM force-volume analysis. These studies suggested that the presence of virulence factors is correlated with an increase in the average membrane rigidity, which is largely influenced by the presence of FHA. Moreover, for this system we built a nanoscale stiffness map that reveals an inhomogeneous spatial distribution of Young modulus as well as the presence of rigid nanodomains on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Arnal
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI-CONICET-CCT La Plata), UNLP. 50 No. 227, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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Seneviratne CJ, Wang Y, Jin L, Wong SSW, Herath TDK, Samaranayake LP. Unraveling the resistance of microbial biofilms: Has proteomics been helpful? Proteomics 2012; 12:651-65. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Serra DO, Conover MS, Arnal L, Sloan GP, Rodriguez ME, Yantorno OM, Deora R. FHA-mediated cell-substrate and cell-cell adhesions are critical for Bordetella pertussis biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces and in the mouse nose and the trachea. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28811. [PMID: 22216115 PMCID: PMC3245231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bordetella spp. form biofilms in the mouse nasopharynx, thereby providing a potential mechanism for establishing chronic infections in humans and animals. Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) is a major virulence factor of B. pertussis, the causative agent of the highly transmissible and infectious disease, pertussis. In this study, we dissected the role of FHA in the distinct biofilm developmental stages of B. pertussis on abiotic substrates and in the respiratory tract by employing a murine model of respiratory biofilms. Our results show that the lack of FHA reduced attachment and decreased accumulation of biofilm biomass on artificial surfaces. FHA contributes to biofilm development by promoting the formation of microcolonies. Absence of FHA from B. pertussis or antibody-mediated blockade of surface-associated FHA impaired the attachment of bacteria to the biofilm community. Exogenous addition of FHA resulted in a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on bacterial association with the biofilms. Furthermore, we show that FHA is important for the structural integrity of biofilms formed on the mouse nose and trachea. Together, these results strongly support the hypothesis that FHA promotes the formation and maintenance of biofilms by mediating cell-substrate and inter-bacterial adhesions. These discoveries highlight FHA as a key factor in establishing structured biofilm communities in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego O. Serra
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), CONICET-CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Matt S. Conover
- Program in Molecular Genetics, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Laura Arnal
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), CONICET-CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gina Parise Sloan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - María E. Rodriguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), CONICET-CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo M. Yantorno
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), CONICET-CCT-La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- * E-mail: (RD); (OMY)
| | - Rajendar Deora
- Program in Molecular Genetics, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RD); (OMY)
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Koerdt A, Orell A, Pham TK, Mukherjee J, Wlodkowski A, Karunakaran E, Biggs CA, Wright PC, Albers SV. Macromolecular fingerprinting of sulfolobus species in biofilm: a transcriptomic and proteomic approach combined with spectroscopic analysis. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4105-19. [PMID: 21761944 PMCID: PMC3166137 DOI: 10.1021/pr2003006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Microorganisms in nature often live in surface-associated sessile communities, encased in a self-produced matrix, referred to as biofilms. Biofilms have been well studied in bacteria but in a limited way for archaea. We have recently characterized biofilm formation in three closely related hyperthermophilic crenarchaeotes: Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, S. solfataricus, and S. tokodaii. These strains form different communities ranging from simple carpet structures in S. solfataricus to high density tower-like structures in S. acidocaldarius under static condition. Here, we combine spectroscopic, proteomic, and transcriptomic analyses to describe physiological and regulatory features associated with biofilms. Spectroscopic analysis reveals that in comparison to planktonic life-style, biofilm life-style has distinctive influence on the physiology of each Sulfolobus spp. Proteomic and transcriptomic data show that biofilm-forming life-style is strain specific (eg ca. 15% of the S. acidocaldarius genes were differently expressed, S. solfataricus and S. tokodaii had ∼3.4 and ∼1%, respectively). The -omic data showed that regulated ORFs were widely distributed in basic cellular functions, including surface modifications. Several regulated genes are common to biofilm-forming cells in all three species. One of the most striking common response genes include putative Lrs14-like transcriptional regulators, indicating their possible roles as a key regulatory factor in biofilm development. S. acidocaldarius, S. solfataricus, and S. tokodaii strains were grown independently as biofilms. Comparison between planktonic and biofilm cell popupations of all three strains was performed by spectroscopic analysis (FTIR and XPS), iTRAQ proteomics, and RNA microarrays. To highlight common features in biofilm formation among the Sulfolobus strains, the data is presented as a comparative analysis. One of the most striking common response genes include putative Lrs14-like transcriptional regulators, suggesting their roles as key regulatory factor in biofilm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Koerdt
- Molecular Biology of Archaea, Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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de Gouw D, Diavatopoulos DA, Bootsma HJ, Hermans PW, Mooi FR. Pertussis: a matter of immune modulation. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2011; 35:441-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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A comprehensive analysis of Bordetella pertussis surface proteome and identification of new immunogenic proteins. Vaccine 2011; 29:3583-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Mukherjee J, Ow SY, Noirel J, Biggs CA. Quantitative protein expression and cell surface characteristics of Escherichia coli MG1655 biofilms. Proteomics 2011; 11:339-51. [PMID: 21268264 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface physicochemical characterization techniques were combined with quantitative changes in protein expression, to investigate the biological and biophysical changes of Escherichia coli MG1655 cells when grown as a biofilm (BIO). The overall surface charge of BIO cells was found to be less negative, highlighting the need for a lower electrophoretic mobility for attachment to occur. Comparison of the chemical functional groups on the cell surface showed similar profiles, with the absorbance intensity higher for proteins and carbohydrates in the BIO cells. Quantitative proteomic analysis demonstrated that 3 proteins were significantly increased, and 9 proteins significantly decreased in abundance, in cells grown as a BIO compared to their planktonic counterparts, with 7 of these total 12 proteins unique to this study. Proteins showing significant increased or decreased abundance include proteins involved in acid resistance, DNA protection and binding and ABC transporters. Further predictive analysis of the metabolic pathways showed an increased abundance of the amino acid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, with a decrease in expression within the pentose phosphate and glycolysis pathways. It is therefore hypothesized that cells grown as a BIO are still energetically viable potentially using amino acids as an indirect carbon backbone source into the TCA cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Mukherjee
- The ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Windle HJ, Brown PA, Kelleher DP. Proteomics of bacterial pathogenicity: therapeutic implications. Proteomics Clin Appl 2010; 4:215-27. [PMID: 21137045 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200900145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Identification of the molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interaction is becoming a key focus of proteomics. Analysis of these interactions holds promise for significant developments in the identification of new therapeutic strategies to combat infectious diseases, a process that will also benefit parallel improvements in molecular diagnostics, biomarker identification and drug discovery. This review highlights recent advances in functional proteomics initiatives in infectious disease with emphasis on studies undertaken within physiologically relevant parameters that enable identification of the infectious proteome rather than that of the vegetative state. Deciphering the molecular details of what constitutes physiologically relevant host-pathogen interactions remains an underdeveloped aspect of research into infectious disease. The magnitude of this deficit will be largely influenced by the ease with which model systems can be established to investigate such interactions. As the selective pressures exerted by the host on an infecting pathogen are numerous, the adequacy of certain model systems should be considered carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Windle
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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