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Palm D, Uzoni A, Simon F, Fischer M, Coogan A, Tucha O, Thome J, Faltraco F. Evolutionary conservations, changes of circadian rhythms and their effect on circadian disturbances and therapeutic approaches. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:21-34. [PMID: 34102148 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is essential for the interaction of all living organisms with their environments. Several processes, such as thermoregulation, metabolism, cognition and memory, are regulated by the internal clock. Disturbances in the circadian rhythm have been shown to lead to the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Interestingly, the mechanism of the circadian rhythms has been conserved in many different species, and misalignment between circadian rhythms and the environment results in evolutionary regression and lifespan reduction. This review summarises the conserved mechanism of the internal clock and its major interspecies differences. In addition, it focuses on effects the circadian rhythm disturbances, especially in cases of ADHD, and describes the possibility of recombinant proteins generated by eukaryotic expression systems as therapeutic agents as well as CRISPR/Cas9 technology as a potential tool for research and therapy. The aim is to give an overview about the evolutionary conserved mechanism as well as the changes of the circadian clock. Furthermore, current knowledge about circadian rhythm disturbances and therapeutic approaches is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Palm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adriana Uzoni
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frederick Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrew Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Ireland
| | - Oliver Tucha
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Thome
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Faltraco
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
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Torkashvand F, Mahboudi F, Vossoughi M, Fatemi E, Moosavi Basri SM, Heydari A, Vaziri B. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Cellular Responses to a Designed Amino Acid Feed in a Monoclonal Antibody
Producing Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Line. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [PMID: 29678103 PMCID: PMC6305810 DOI: 10.29252/.22.6.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line is considered as the most common cell line in the biopharmaceutical industry because of its capability in performing efficient post-translational modifications and producing the recombinant proteins, which are similar to natural human proteins. The optimization of the upstream process via different feed strategies has a great impact on the target molecule expression and yield. Methods: To determine and understand the molecular events beneath the feed effects on the CHO cell, a label-free quantitative proteomic analysis was applied. The proteome changes followed by the addition of a designed amino acid feed to the monoclonal antibody producing CHO cell line culture medium were investigated. Results: The glutathione synthesis, the negative regulation of the programmed cell death, proteasomal catabolic process, and the endosomal transport pathway were up-regulated in the group fed with a designed amino acid feed compared to the control group. Conclusion: Our findings could be helpful to identify new targets for metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Torkashvand
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Mahboudi
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Vossoughi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Biochemical and Bioenvironmental Research Center Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Fatemi
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Masoud Moosavi Basri
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Heydari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Behrouz Vaziri
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Stolfa G, Smonskey MT, Boniface R, Hachmann AB, Gulde P, Joshi AD, Pierce AP, Jacobia SJ, Campbell A. CHO-Omics Review: The Impact of Current and Emerging Technologies on Chinese Hamster Ovary Based Bioproduction. Biotechnol J 2017; 13:e1700227. [PMID: 29072373 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CHO cells are the most prevalent platform for modern bio-therapeutic production. Currently, there are several CHO cell lines used in bioproduction with distinct characteristics and unique genotypes and phenotypes. These differences limit advances in productivity and quality that can be achieved by the most common approaches to bioprocess optimization and cell line engineering. Incorporating omics-based approaches into current bioproduction processes will complement traditional methodologies to maximize gains from CHO engineering and bioprocess improvements. In order to highlight the utility of omics technologies in CHO bioproduction, the authors discuss current applications as well as limitations of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, fluxomics, glycomics, and multi-omics approaches and the potential they hold for the future of bioproduction. Multiple omics approaches are currently being used to improve CHO bioprocesses; however, the application of these technologies is still limited. As more CHO-omic datasets become available and integrated into systems models, the authors expect significant gains in product yield and quality. While individual omics technologies provide incremental improvements in bioproduction, the authors will likely see the most significant gains by applying multi-omics and systems biology approaches to individual CHO cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Stolfa
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | | | - Ryan Boniface
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | | | - Paul Gulde
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | - Atul D Joshi
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | - Anson P Pierce
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | - Scott J Jacobia
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
| | - Andrew Campbell
- Bioproduction R&D, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, USA
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Dahodwala H, Sharfstein ST. The 'Omics Revolution in CHO Biology: Roadmap to Improved CHO Productivity. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1603:153-168. [PMID: 28493129 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6972-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased understanding of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell physiology has been ushered in upon availability of the parental CHO-K1 cell line genome. Free and openly accessible sequence information has complemented transcriptomic and proteomic studies. The previous decade has also seen an increase in sensitivity and accuracy of proteomic methods due to technology development. In this genomic era, high-throughput screening methods, sophisticated informatic tools, and models continually drive major innovations in cell line development and process engineering. This review describes the various achievements in 'omics techniques and their application to improve recombinant protein expression from CHO cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Dahodwala
- Vaccine production program (VPP), VRC/NIAID/NIH, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
- SUNY Polytechnic Institute, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY, 12203, USA
| | - Susan T Sharfstein
- Vaccine production program (VPP), VRC/NIAID/NIH, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA.
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Zhu G, Sun L, Albanetti T, Linkous T, Larkin C, Schoner R, McGivney JB, Dovichi NJ. Quantitative analysis of the supernatant from host and transfected CHO cells using iTRAQ 8-plex technique. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:2140-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame Indiana 46556
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame Indiana 46556
| | - Thomas Albanetti
- BioPharmaceutical Development MedImmune LLC; Gaithersburg Maryland
| | - Travis Linkous
- BioPharmaceutical Development MedImmune LLC; Gaithersburg Maryland
| | | | - Ronald Schoner
- BioPharmaceutical Development MedImmune LLC; Gaithersburg Maryland
| | | | - Norman J. Dovichi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Notre Dame; Notre Dame Indiana 46556
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Harnessing Chinese hamster ovary cell proteomics for biopharmaceutical processing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4155/pbp.14.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Thompson JH, Chung WK, Zhu M, Tie L, Lu Y, Aboulaich N, Strouse R, Mo WD. Improved detection of host cell proteins (HCPs) in a mammalian cell-derived antibody drug using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in conjunction with an HCP-enrichment strategy. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:855-860. [PMID: 24623688 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Host cell proteins (HCPs), which are process-related impurities typically present at low levels in recombinant biopharmaceutical products, are often measured using an immunological technique, such as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In contrast to ELISA which only provides the total amount of HCP, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) can provide both qualitative and quantitative information about the major HCP species. In this study, an HCP-enrichment step was optimized and combined with LC/MS to identify and determine the relative abundance of HCPs present in a monoclonal antibody (mAb) drug product. METHODS An NS0 (mouse myeloma) cell-derived mAb drug product, whose total HCP level was less than 100 ng/mg of protein, was subjected to analysis by LC/MS. One-dimensional and two-dimensional chromatography options, together with the off-line HCP enrichment strategy based on Protein A chromatography, were evaluated for optimal HCP detection. RESULTS With this approach, nineteen HCPs were detected from a therapeutic mAb, an improvement over the detection of only one HCP without depletion. CONCLUSIONS Compared with other published HCP studies with LC/MS, the HCP-enrichment step in our method enables a more practical and relevant application to approved protein therapeutics, which are mostly mammalian cell-derived products with HCPs present at very low levels.
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Kildegaard HF, Baycin-Hizal D, Lewis NE, Betenbaugh MJ. The emerging CHO systems biology era: harnessing the ‘omics revolution for biotechnology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 24:1102-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Khan KH. Gene expression in Mammalian cells and its applications. Adv Pharm Bull 2013; 3:257-63. [PMID: 24312845 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2013.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of proteins in appropriate quantity and quality is an essential requirement of the present time. There appears to be a progressive increase in the application of mammalian cells for proteins production. Expression systems utilizing mammalian cells for recombinant proteins are able to introduce proper protein folding, post-translational modifications, and product assembly, which are important for complete biological activity. This review article is totally based on literature survey. In this article much emphasis has been done on the mammalian expression system. The author focused on different mammalian cell lines that express the gene. The different vector systems that transfer the gene into mammalian cells like plasmid based expression vectors, adenovirus vectors, vaccinia vectors, retroviral vector and baculovirus as vectors were explored. The processes for the transfer of gene into mammalian cells were also reviewed. Application and limitations of mammalian expression system were also focused. The purpose of research in writing this article is to create awareness in researchers, starting their career in gene expression related to mammalian cells. The principal result and major conclusion of this article is to make available the molecular technologies, expression system and applications of gene expression in mammalian cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishwar Hayat Khan
- School of BioSciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore-632014, Tamil nadu, India
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Baycin-Hizal D, Tabb DL, Chaerkady R, Chen L, Lewis NE, Nagarajan H, Sarkaria V, Kumar A, Wolozny D, Colao J, Jacobson E, Tian Y, O'Meally RN, Krag SS, Cole RN, Palsson BO, Zhang H, Betenbaugh M. Proteomic analysis of Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:5265-76. [PMID: 22971049 DOI: 10.1021/pr300476w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To complement the recent genomic sequencing of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, proteomic analysis was performed on CHO cells including the cellular proteome, secretome, and glycoproteome using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) of multiple fractions obtained from gel electrophoresis, multidimensional liquid chromatography, and solid phase extraction of glycopeptides (SPEG). From the 120 different mass spectrometry analyses generating 682,097 MS/MS spectra, 93,548 unique peptide sequences were identified with at most 0.02 false discovery rate (FDR). A total of 6164 grouped proteins were identified from both glycoproteome and proteome analysis, representing an 8-fold increase in the number of proteins currently identified in the CHO proteome. Furthermore, this is the first proteomic study done using the CHO genome exclusively, which provides for more accurate identification of proteins. From this analysis, the CHO codon frequency was determined and found to be distinct from humans, which will facilitate expression of human proteins in CHO cells. Analysis of the combined proteomic and mRNA data sets indicated the enrichment of a number of pathways including protein processing and apoptosis but depletion of proteins involved in steroid hormone and glycosphingolipid metabolism. Five-hundred four of the detected proteins included N-acetylation modifications, and 1292 different proteins were observed to be N-glycosylated. This first large-scale proteomic analysis will enhance the knowledge base about CHO capabilities for recombinant expression and provide information useful in cell engineering efforts aimed at modifying CHO cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Baycin-Hizal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Wuest DM, Harcum SW, Lee KH. Genomics in mammalian cell culture bioprocessing. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:629-38. [PMID: 22079893 PMCID: PMC3718848 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Explicitly identifying the genome of a host organism including sequencing, mapping, and annotating its genetic code has become a priority in the field of biotechnology with aims at improving the efficiency and understanding of cell culture bioprocessing. Recombinant protein therapeutics, primarily produced in mammalian cells, constitute a $108 billion global market. The most common mammalian cell line used in biologic production processes is the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line, and although great improvements have been made in titer production over the past 25 years, the underlying molecular and physiological factors are not well understood. Confident understanding of CHO bioprocessing elements (e.g. cell line selection, protein production, and reproducibility of process performance and product specifications) would significantly improve with a well understood genome. This review describes mammalian cell culture use in bioprocessing, the importance of obtaining CHO cell line genetic sequences, and the current status of sequencing efforts. Furthermore, transcriptomic techniques and gene expression tools are presented, and case studies exploring genomic techniques and applications aimed to improve mammalian bioprocess performance are reviewed. Finally, future implications of genomic advances are surmised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M. Wuest
- Chemical Engineering and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Sarah W. Harcum
- Bioengineering, Clemson University, 301 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Kelvin H. Lee
- Chemical Engineering and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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Baik JY, Ha TK, Kim YH, Lee GM. Proteomic understanding of intracellular responses of recombinant chinese hamster ovary cells adapted to grow in serum-free suspension culture. Biotechnol Prog 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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