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Zheng YY, Chung WH, Leung YC, Wong KY. Heterogenous Expression and Purification of Lipid II Flippase from Staphylococcus aureus. Protein Pept Lett 2024; 31:386-394. [PMID: 38967080 PMCID: PMC11348468 DOI: 10.2174/0109298665316374240531113258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen with strains that are resistant to existing antibiotics. MurJ from S. aureus (SaMurJ), an integral membrane protein functioning as Lipid II flippase, is a potential target for developing new antibacterial agents against this pathogen. Successful expression and purification of this protein shall be useful in the development of drugs against this target. OBJECTIVE In this study, we demonstrated the optimized expression and purification procedures of SaMurJ, identified suitable detergent for extracting and solubilizing the protein, and examined the peptidisc system to generate a detergent-free environment. METHODS SaMurJ fused with N-terminal ten-His tag was expressed without induction. Six detergents were selected for screening the most efficient candidate for extraction and solubilization of the protein. The thermostability of the detergent-solubilized protein was assessed by evaluated temperature incubation. Different ratios of peptidisc bi-helical peptide (NSPr) to SaMurJ were mixed and the on-bead peptidisc assembly method was applied. RESULTS SaMurJ expressed in BL21(DE3) was confirmed by peptide fingerprinting, with a yield of 1 mg SaMurJ per liter culture. DDM was identified as the optimum detergent for solubilization and the nickel affinity column enabled SaMurJ purification with a purity of ~88%. However, NSPr could not stabilize SaMurJ. CONCLUSION The expression and purification of SaMurJ were successful, with high purity and good yield. SaMurJ can be solubilized and stabilized by a DDM-containing buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-Hong Chung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun-Chung Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Yin Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Sedláčková S, Hubálek M, Vrkoslav V, Blechová M, Kozlík P, Cvačka J. Positive Effect of Acetylation on Proteomic Analysis Based on Liquid Chromatography with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization and Photoionization Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093711. [PMID: 37175121 PMCID: PMC10180487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A typical bottom-up proteomic workflow comprises sample digestion with trypsin, separation of the hydrolysate using reversed-phase HPLC, and detection of peptides via electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry. Despite the advantages and wide usage of protein identification and quantification, the procedure has limitations. Some domains or parts of the proteins may remain inadequately described due to inefficient detection of certain peptides. This study presents an alternative approach based on sample acetylation and mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). These ionizations allowed for improved detection of acetylated peptides obtained via chymotrypsin or glutamyl peptidase I (Glu-C) digestion. APCI and APPI spectra of acetylated peptides often provided sequence information already at the full scan level, while fragmentation spectra of protonated molecules and sodium adducts were easy to interpret. As demonstrated for bovine serum albumin, acetylation improved proteomic analysis. Compared to ESI, gas-phase ionizations APCI and APPI made it possible to detect more peptides and provide better sequence coverages in most cases. Importantly, APCI and APPI detected many peptides which passed unnoticed in the ESI source. Therefore, analytical methods based on chymotrypsin or Glu-C digestion, acetylation, and APPI or APCI provide data complementary to classical bottom-up proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Sedláčková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hubálek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Vrkoslav
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Blechová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kozlík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
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3
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Vit O, Petrak J. Integral membrane proteins in proteomics. How to break open the black box? J Proteomics 2016; 153:8-20. [PMID: 27530594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Integral membrane proteins (IMPs) are coded by 20-30% of human genes and execute important functions - transmembrane transport, signal transduction, cell-cell communication, cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, and many other processes. Due to their hydrophobicity, low expression and lack of trypsin cleavage sites in their transmembrane segments, IMPs have been generally under-represented in routine proteomic analyses. However, the field of membrane proteomics has changed markedly in the past decade, namely due to the introduction of filter assisted sample preparation (FASP), the establishment of cell surface capture (CSC) protocols, and the development of methods that enable analysis of the hydrophobic transmembrane segments. This review will summarize the recent developments in the field and outline the most successful strategies for the analysis of integral membrane proteins. SIGNIFICANCE Integral membrane proteins (IMPs) are attractive therapeutic targets mostly due to their many important functions. However, our knowledge of the membrane proteome is severely limited to effectively exploit their potential. This is mostly due to the lack of appropriate techniques or methods compatible with the typical features of IMPs, namely hydrophobicity, low expression and lack of trypsin cleavage sites. This review summarizes the most recent development in membrane proteomics and outlines the most successful strategies for their large-scale analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Vit
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - J Petrak
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
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4
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Fukuyama Y, Nakajima C, Izumi S, Tanaka K. Membrane Protein Analyses Using Alkylated Trihydroxyacetophenone (ATHAP) as a MALDI Matrix. Anal Chem 2016; 88:1688-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Fukuyama
- Koichi
Tanaka Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology, Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
- Koichi
Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nakajima
- Koichi
Tanaka Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology, Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Izumi
- Department
of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Koichi Tanaka
- Koichi
Tanaka Laboratory of Advanced Science and Technology, Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
- Koichi
Tanaka Mass Spectrometry Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, 1, Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8511, Japan
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5
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Min L, Choe LH, Lee KH. Improved protease digestion conditions for membrane protein detection. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1690-8. [PMID: 25884272 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This work presents improved protease digestion conditions for membrane protein detection. The enzymatic digest of bacteriorhodopsin (BR), a model membrane protein with seven transmembrane domains (TMDs) was investigated. An initial in-gel digestion identified 17% BR sequence coverage, including part of the seventh TMD. To improve sequence coverage, BR digest was tested with different concentrations of RapiGest, methanol (MeOH) and SDS using either trypsin or chymotrypsin. Two improved conditions, 0.01% SDS or the combination of 10% MeOH and 0.01% RapiGest, were chosen. Trypsin digestions in both conditions achieved more than 40% BR sequence coverage compared to 0% using standard digestion conditions. Peptides detected from trypsin and chymotrypsin digestions in the same condition were combined to maximize sequence coverage. The same conditions were applied to a different membrane protein with one TMD, Selenoprotein S, and proteins from Escherichia coli. For Selenoprotein S, a higher sequence coverage, including a peptide from the TMD, was detected from the improved condition compared to the typical condition. The application of both improved conditions to a membrane protein fraction of Escherichia coli resulted in the identification of 309 (SDS) and 329 (MeOH/RapiGest) unique proteins of which 140/309 and 148/329 were membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Min
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Leila H Choe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Kelvin H Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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6
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Dunston CR, Herbert R, Griffiths HR. Improving T cell-induced response to subunit vaccines: opportunities for a proteomic systems approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:290-9. [PMID: 25708693 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Prophylactic vaccines are an effective strategy to prevent development of many infectious diseases. With new and re-emerging infections posing increasing risks to food stocks and the health of the population in general, there is a need to improve the rationale of vaccine development. One key challenge lies in development of an effective T cell-induced response to subunit vaccines at specific sites and in different populations. OBJECTIVES In this review, we consider how a proteomic systems-based approach can be used to identify putative novel vaccine targets, may be adopted to characterise subunit vaccines and adjuvants fully. KEY FINDINGS Despite the extensive potential for proteomics to aid our understanding of subunit vaccine nature, little work has been reported on identifying MHC 1-binding peptides for subunit vaccines generating T cell responses in the literature to date. SUMMARY In combination with predictive and structural biology approaches to mapping antigen presentation, proteomics offers a powerful and as yet un-tapped addition to the armoury of vaccine discovery to predict T-cell subset responses and improve vaccine design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Dunston
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK; Mologic, Bedford Technology Park, Thurleigh, Bedfordshire, MK44 2YP
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7
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Laßek M, Weingarten J, Volknandt W. The synaptic proteome. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 359:255-65. [PMID: 25038742 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Synapses are focal hot spots for signal transduction and plasticity in the brain. A synapse comprises an axon terminus, the presynapse, the synaptic cleft containing extracellular matrix proteins as well as adhesion molecules, and the postsynaptic density as target structure for chemical signaling. The proteomes of the presynaptic and postsynaptic active zones control neurotransmitter release and perception. These tasks demand short- and long-term structural and functional dynamics of the synapse mediated by its proteinaceous inventory. This review addresses subcellular fractionation protocols and the related proteomic approaches to the various synaptic subcompartments with an emphasis on the presynaptic active zone (PAZ). Furthermore, it discusses major constituents of the PAZ including the amyloid precursor protein family members. Numerous proteins regulating the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton are indicative of the functional and structural dynamics of the pre- and postsynapse. The identification of protein candidates of the synapse provides the basis for further analyzing the interaction of synaptic proteins with their targets, and the effect of their deletion opens novel insights into the functional role of these proteins in neuronal communication. The knowledge of the molecular interactome is also a prerequisite for understanding numerous neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Laßek
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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8
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Zhao Q, Fang F, Liang Y, Yuan H, Yang K, Wu Q, Liang Z, Zhang L, Zhang Y. 1-Dodecyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride-Assisted Sample Preparation Method for Efficient Integral Membrane Proteome Analysis. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7544-50. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5013267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhao
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Fei Fang
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yu Liang
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Huiming Yuan
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Kaiguang Yang
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Qi Wu
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yukui Zhang
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
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9
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Laßek M, Weingarten J, Volknandt W. The Proteome of the Murine Presynaptic Active Zone. Proteomes 2014; 2:243-257. [PMID: 28250380 PMCID: PMC5302740 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes2020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteome of the presynaptic active zone controls neurotransmitter release and the short- and long-term structural and functional dynamics of the nerve terminal. The proteinaceous inventory of the presynaptic active zone has recently been reported. This review will evaluate the subcellular fractionation protocols and the proteomic approaches employed. A breakthrough for the identification of the proteome of the presynaptic active zone was the successful employment of antibodies directed against a cytosolic epitope of membrane integral synaptic vesicle proteins for the immunopurification of synaptic vesicles docked to the presynaptic plasma membrane. Combining immunopurification and subsequent analytical mass spectrometry, hundreds of proteins, including synaptic vesicle proteins, components of the presynaptic fusion and retrieval machinery, proteins involved in intracellular and extracellular signaling and a large variety of adhesion molecules, were identified. Numerous proteins regulating the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton are indicative of the functional and structural dynamics of the presynapse. This review will critically discuss both the experimental approaches and prominent protein candidates identified. Many proteins have not previously been assigned to the presynaptic release sites and may be directly involved in the short- and long-term structural modulation of the presynaptic compartment. The identification of proteinaceous constituents of the presynaptic active zone provides the basis for further analyzing the interaction of presynaptic proteins with their targets and opens novel insights into the functional role of these proteins in neuronal communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Laßek
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Department Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Max von Laue Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Jens Weingarten
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Department Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Max von Laue Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Walter Volknandt
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Department Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Max von Laue Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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10
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Weingarten J, Lassek M, Mueller BF, Rohmer M, Lunger I, Baeumlisberger D, Dudek S, Gogesch P, Karas M, Volknandt W. The proteome of the presynaptic active zone from mouse brain. Mol Cell Neurosci 2014; 59:106-18. [PMID: 24534009 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter release as well as the structural and functional dynamics of the presynaptic active zone is controlled by proteinaceous components. Here we describe for the first time an experimental approach for the isolation of the presynaptic active zone from individual mouse brains, a prerequisite for understanding the functional inventory of the presynaptic protein network and for the later analysis of changes occurring in mutant mice. Using a monoclonal antibody against the ubiquitous synaptic vesicle protein SV2 we immunopurified synaptic vesicles docked to the presynaptic plasma membrane. Enrichment studies by means of Western blot analysis and mass spectrometry identified 485 proteins belonging to an impressive variety of functional categories. Our data suggest that presynaptic active zones represent focal hot spots that are not only involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release but also in multiple structural and functional alterations the adult nerve terminal undergoes during neural activity in adult CNS. They furthermore open new avenues for characterizing alterations in the active zone proteome of mutant mice and their corresponding controls, including the various mouse models of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Weingarten
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Biologicum, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Melanie Lassek
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Biologicum, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Benjamin F Mueller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cluster of Excellence "Macromolecular Complexes", Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marion Rohmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cluster of Excellence "Macromolecular Complexes", Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ilaria Lunger
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Biologicum, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Simone Dudek
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Biologicum, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patricia Gogesch
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Biologicum, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Karas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cluster of Excellence "Macromolecular Complexes", Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Walter Volknandt
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Biologicum, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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11
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Gao D, Liu H, Jiang Y, Lin JM. Recent advances in microfluidics combined with mass spectrometry: technologies and applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3309-22. [PMID: 23824006 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50449b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Instrument miniaturization is one of the critical issues to improve sensitivity, speed, throughput, and to reduce the cost of analysis. Microfluidics possesses the ability to handle small sample amounts, with minimal concerns related to sample loss and cross-contamination, problems typical for standard fluidic manipulations. Moreover, the native properties of microfluidics provide the potential for high-density, parallel sample processing, and high-throughput analysis. Recently, the coupling of microfluidic devices to mass spectrometry, especially electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), has attracted an increasing interest and produced tremendous achievements. The interfaces between microfluidics and mass spectrometry are one of the primary focused problems. In this review, we summarize the latest achievements since 2008 in the field of the technologies and applications in the combining of microfluidics with ESI-MS and MALDI-MS. The integration of several analytical functions on a microfluidic device such as sample pretreatment and separations before sample introduction into the mass spectrometer is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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12
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Zhao Q, Liang Y, Yuan H, Sui Z, Wu Q, Liang Z, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Biphasic Microreactor for Efficient Membrane Protein Pretreatment with a Combination of Formic Acid Assisted Solubilization, On-Column pH Adjustment, Reduction, Alkylation, and Tryptic Digestion. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8507-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402076u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhao
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yu Liang
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Huiming Yuan
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhigang Sui
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qi Wu
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yukui Zhang
- National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
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13
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Bendz M, Skwark M, Nilsson D, Granholm V, Cristobal S, Käll L, Elofsson A. Membrane protein shaving with thermolysin can be used to evaluate topology predictors. Proteomics 2013; 13:1467-80. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bendz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Science for Life Laboratory, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Marcin Skwark
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Science for Life Laboratory, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Daniel Nilsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Science for Life Laboratory, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Viktor Granholm
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Science for Life Laboratory, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Susana Cristobal
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cell Biology; Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science; Department of Physiology, Basque Country Medical School; Bilbao Spain
| | - Lukas Käll
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology; Royal Institute of Technology (KTH); Solna Sweden
| | - Arne Elofsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics; Science for Life Laboratory, Center for Biomembrane Research, Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
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14
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Optimized proteomic analysis of rat liver microsomes using dual enzyme digestion with 2D-LC–MS/MS. J Proteomics 2013; 82:166-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Switzar L, Giera M, Niessen WMA. Protein Digestion: An Overview of the Available Techniques and Recent Developments. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:1067-77. [DOI: 10.1021/pr301201x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Switzar
- AIMMS Division of BioMolecular
Analysis, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Division of Molecular Cell Physiology,
Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry
Unit, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfried M. A. Niessen
- AIMMS Division of BioMolecular
Analysis, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- hyphen MassSpec, de Wetstraat 8, 2332 XT Leiden, The Netherlands
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Antonov AV. Mining protein lists from proteomics studies: applications for drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2012; 5:323-31. [PMID: 22823085 DOI: 10.1517/17460441003716796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD In recent years, proteomics has become a common technique applied to a wide spectrum of scientific problems, including the identification of diagnostic biomarkers, monitoring the effects of drug treatments or identification of chemical properties of a protein or a drug. Although being significantly different in scientific essence, the ultimate result of the majority of proteomics studies is a protein list. Thousands of independent proteomics studies have reported protein lists in various functional contexts. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW We review here the spectrum of scientific problems where proteomics technology was applied recently to deliver protein lists. The available bioinformatics methods commonly used to understand the properties of the protein lists are compared. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The types and common functional properties of the reported protein lists are discussed. The range of scientific problems where this knowledge could be potentially helpful with a focus on drug discovery issues is explored. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Reported protein lists represent a valuable resource which can be used for a variety of goals, ranging from biomarkers discovery to identification of novel therapeutic implications of known drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Antonov
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany +49 89 3187 2788 ; +49 89 3187 3585 ;
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17
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Maupin-Furlow JA, Humbard MA, Kirkland PA. Extreme challenges and advances in archaeal proteomics. Curr Opin Microbiol 2012; 15:351-6. [PMID: 22386447 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Archaea display amazing physiological properties that are of interest to understand at the molecular level including the ability to thrive at extreme environmental conditions, the presence of novel metabolic pathways (e.g. methanogenesis, methylaspartate cycle) and the use of eukaryotic-like protein machineries for basic cellular functions. Coupling traditional genetic and biochemical approaches with advanced technologies, such as genomics and proteomics, provides an avenue for scientists to discover new aspects related to the molecular physiology of archaea. This review emphasizes the unusual properties of archaeal proteomes and how high-throughput and specialized mass spectrometry-based proteomic studies have provided insight into the molecular properties of archaeal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Maupin-Furlow
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0700, USA.
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18
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Prefractionation and separation by C8 stationary phase: Effective strategies for integral membrane proteins analysis. Talanta 2012; 88:567-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Poetsch A, Haussmann U, Burkovski A. Proteomics of corynebacteria: From biotechnology workhorses to pathogens. Proteomics 2011; 11:3244-55. [PMID: 21674800 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacteria belong to the high G+C Gram-positive bacteria (Actinobacteria) and are closely related to Mycobacterium and Nocardia species. The best investigated member of this group of almost seventy species is Corynebacterium glutamicum, a soil bacterium isolated in 1957, which is used for the industrial production of more than two million tons of amino acids per year. This review focuses on the technical advances made in proteomics approaches during the last years and summarizes applications of these techniques with respect to C. glutamicum metabolic pathways and stress response. Additionally, selected proteome applications for other biotechnologically important or pathogenic corynebacteria are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar Poetsch
- Lehrstuhl Biochemie der Pflanzen, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
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20
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Switzar L, Giera M, Lingeman H, Irth H, Niessen W. Protein digestion optimization for characterization of drug–protein adducts using response surface modeling. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1715-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Vertommen A, Panis B, Swennen R, Carpentier SC. Challenges and solutions for the identification of membrane proteins in non-model plants. J Proteomics 2011; 74:1165-81. [PMID: 21354347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The workhorse for proteomics in non-model plants is classical two-dimensional electrophoresis, a combination of iso-electric focusing and SDS-PAGE. However, membrane proteins with multiple membrane spanning domains are hardly detected on classical 2-DE gels because of their low abundance and poor solubility in aqueous media. In the current review, solutions that have been proposed to handle these two problems in non-model plants are discussed. An overview of alternative techniques developed for membrane proteomics is provided together with a comparison of their strong and weak points. Subsequently, strengths and weaknesses of the different techniques and methods to evaluate the identification of membrane proteins are discussed. Finally, an overview of recent plant membrane proteome studies is provided with the used separation technique and the number of identified membrane proteins listed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vertommen
- Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Department of Biosystems, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 13, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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22
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Zhou Y, Yi T, Park SS, Chadwick W, Shen RF, Wu WW, Martin B, Maudsley S. Rapid and enhanced proteolytic digestion using electric-field-oriented enzyme reactor. J Proteomics 2011; 74:1030-5. [PMID: 21338726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have created a novel enzyme reactor using electric field-mediated orientation and immobilization of proteolytic enzymes (trypsin/chymotrypsin) on biocompatible PVDF membranes in a continuous flow-through chamber. Using less than 5min, this reactor in various enzyme combinations can produce enhanced rapid digestion for standardized prototypic proteins, hydrophilic proteins and hydrophobic transmembrane proteins when compared to in-solution techniques. With improved digestive efficiency, our reactor improved the overall functional analysis of lipid raft proteomes by identifying more closely functionally linked proteins and elucidated a richer set of biological processes and pathways linked to the proteins than traditional in-solution methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, Laboratory of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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23
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Gilmore JM, Washburn MP. Advances in shotgun proteomics and the analysis of membrane proteomes. J Proteomics 2010; 73:2078-91. [PMID: 20797458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of shotgun proteomics has facilitated the numerous biological discoveries made by proteomic studies. However, comprehensive proteomic analysis remains challenging and shotgun proteomics is a continually changing field. This review details the recent developments in shotgun proteomics and describes emerging technologies that will influence shotgun proteomics going forward. In addition, proteomic studies of integral membrane proteins remain challenging due to the hydrophobic nature in integral membrane proteins and their general low abundance levels. However, there have been many strategies developed for enriching, isolating and separating membrane proteins for proteomic analysis that have moved this field forward. In summary, while shotgun proteomics is a widely used and mature technology, the continued pace of improvements in mass spectrometry and proteomic technology and methods indicate that future studies will have an even greater impact on biological discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Gilmore
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
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24
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Meyer B, Papasotiriou DG, Karas M. 100% protein sequence coverage: a modern form of surrealism in proteomics. Amino Acids 2010; 41:291-310. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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25
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Griffin NM, Schnitzer JE. Overcoming key technological challenges in using mass spectrometry for mapping cell surfaces in tissues. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 10:R110.000935. [PMID: 20548103 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r110.000935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma membranes form a critical biological interface between the inside of every cell and its external environment. Their roles in multiple key cellular functions make them important drug targets. However the protein composition of plasma membranes in general is poorly defined as the inherent properties of lipid embedded proteins, such as their hydrophobicity, low abundance, poor solubility and resistance to digestion and extraction makes them difficult to isolate, solubilize, and identify on a large scale by traditional mass spectrometry methods. Here we describe some of the significant advances that have occurred over the past ten years to address these challenges including: i) the development of new and improved membrane isolation techniques via either subfractionation or direct labeling and isolation of plasma membranes from cells and tissues; ii) modification of mass spectrometry methods to adapt to the hydrophobic nature of membrane proteins and peptides; iii) improvements to digestion protocols to compensate for the shortage of trypsin cleavage sites in lipid-embedded proteins, particularly multi-spanning proteins, and iv) the development of numerous bioinformatics tools which allow not only the identification and quantification of proteins, but also the prediction of membrane protein topology, membrane post-translational modifications and subcellular localization. This review emphasis the importance and difficulty of defining cells in proper patho- and physiological context to maintain the in vivo reality. We focus on how key technological challenges associated with the isolation and identification of cell surface proteins in tissues using mass spectrometry are being addressed in order to identify and quantify a comprehensive plasma membrane for drug and target discovery efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle M Griffin
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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26
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Arrey TN, Rietschel B, Papasotiriou DG, Bornemann S, Baeumlisberger D, Karas M, Meyer B. Approaching the Complexity of Elastase-Digested Membrane Proteomes Using Off-Gel IEF/nLC-MALDI-MS/MS. Anal Chem 2010; 82:2145-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902776h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tabiwang N. Arrey
- Cluster of Excellence, “Macromolecular Complexes”, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Benjamin Rietschel
- Cluster of Excellence, “Macromolecular Complexes”, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dimitrios G. Papasotiriou
- Cluster of Excellence, “Macromolecular Complexes”, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Bornemann
- Cluster of Excellence, “Macromolecular Complexes”, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dominic Baeumlisberger
- Cluster of Excellence, “Macromolecular Complexes”, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Karas
- Cluster of Excellence, “Macromolecular Complexes”, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bjoern Meyer
- Cluster of Excellence, “Macromolecular Complexes”, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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27
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Pan Y, Konermann L. Membrane protein structural insights from chemical labeling and mass spectrometry. Analyst 2010; 135:1191-200. [DOI: 10.1039/b924805f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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