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Smiljanic K, Prodic I, Apostolovic D, Cvetkovic A, Veljovic D, Mutic J, van Hage M, Burazer L, Cirkovic Velickovic T. In-depth quantitative profiling of post-translational modifications of Timothy grass pollen allergome in relation to environmental oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:644-658. [PMID: 30856452 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An association between pollution (e.g., from traffic emissions) and the increased prevalence of respiratory allergies has been observed. Field-realistic exposure studies provide the most relevant assessment of the effects of the intensity and diversity of urban and industrial contamination on pollen structure and allergenicity. The significance of in-depth post-translational modification (PTM) studies of pollen proteomes, when compared with studies on other aspects of pollution and altered pollen allergenicity, has not yet been determined; hence, little progress has been made within this field. We undertook a comprehensive comparative analysis of multiple polluted and environmentally preserved Phleum pratense (Timothy grass) pollen samples using scanning electron microscopy, in-depth PTM profiling, determination of organic and inorganic pollutants, analysis of the release of sub-pollen particles and phenols/proteins, and analysis of proteome expression using high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, we used quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) immunoblotting. An increased phenolic content and release of sub-pollen particles was found in pollen samples from the polluted area, including a significantly higher content of mercury, cadmium, and manganese, with irregular long spines on pollen grain surface structures. Antioxidative defense-related enzymes were significantly upregulated and seven oxidative PTMs were significantly increased (methionine, histidine, lysine, and proline oxidation; tyrosine glycosylation, lysine 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal adduct, and lysine carbamylation) in pollen exposed to the chemical plant and road traffic pollution sources. Oxidative modifications affected several Timothy pollen allergens; Phl p 6, in particular, exhibited several different oxidative modifications. The expression of Phl p 6, 12, and 13 allergens were downregulated in polluted pollen, and IgE binding to pollen extract was substantially lower in the 18 patients studied, as measured by quantitative ELISA. Quantitative, unrestricted, and detailed PTM searches using an enrichment-free approach pointed to modification of Timothy pollen allergens and suggested that heavy metals are primarily responsible for oxidative stress effects observed in pollen proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Smiljanic
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Centre of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences and Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ivana Prodic
- Innovation Center Ltd, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Anka Cvetkovic
- Institute of Public Health of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djordje Veljovic
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Mutic
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Centre of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences and Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia; Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Marianne van Hage
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Medicine, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lidija Burazer
- Institute of Immunology, Virology and Sera Production, Torlak Institut, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja Cirkovic Velickovic
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Centre of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences and Department of Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia; Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South Korea; Ghent University, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent, Belgium; Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Peanut allergens: new consolidated findings on structure, characteristics, and allergome. Allergol Select 2018; 2:67-79. [PMID: 31826045 PMCID: PMC6881859 DOI: 10.5414/alx01418e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergy is the result of a complex pathomechanism. Factors contributing to the dysfunction of the immune system are the allergenic sources and the variable matrix effects arising from the processes involved in interaction with the gastrointestinal tract, the allergens themselves through their structural features, and the specific behavior of the individual immune system. The starting point for elucidating the pathomechanism of food allergy is the identification of allergens and the description of their structure. They are the basis for in vitro diagnostics as well as the development of immunotherapeutic drugs. With regard to Class I food allergy, peanut allergy affects by far the largest group of patients. 11 allergens have been identified in peanuts. Ara h 1, Ara h 3, and Ara h 4 belong to the cupin superfamily, Ara h 2, Ara h 6, and Ara h 7 to the prolamin superfamily; Ara h 5 (profilins) and Ara h 8 (superfamily of Bet v 1-homologous proteins) are associated with aeroallergens. Peanut lipid transfer proteins (LTP) and two peanut oleosins are listed as Ara h 9, Ara h 10, and Ara h 11 by the IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Subcommittee. Peanut agglutinin (PNA) and a third oleosin have been shown to possess allergenic properties. The effect of the above specified allergens has to be considered in the context of their matrix, which is influenced by processing factors.
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Blank S, Etzold S, Darsow U, Schiener M, Eberlein B, Russkamp D, Wolf S, Graessel A, Biedermann T, Ollert M, Schmidt-Weber CB. Component-resolved evaluation of the content of major allergens in therapeutic extracts for specific immunotherapy of honeybee venom allergy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2482-2489. [PMID: 28494206 PMCID: PMC5647995 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1323603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only curative treatment of honeybee venom (HBV) allergy, which is able to protect against further anaphylactic sting reactions. Recent analyses on a molecular level have demonstrated that HBV represents a complex allergen source that contains more relevant major allergens than formerly anticipated. Moreover, allergic patients show very diverse sensitization profiles with the different allergens. HBV-specific immunotherapy is conducted with HBV extracts which are derived from pure venom. The allergen content of these therapeutic extracts might differ due to natural variations of the source material or different down-stream processing strategies of the manufacturers. Since variations of the allergen content of therapeutic HBV extracts might be associated with therapeutic failure, we adressed the component-resolved allergen composition of different therapeutic grade HBV extracts which are approved for immunotherapy in numerous countries. The extracts were analyzed for their content of the major allergens Api m 1, Api m 2, Api m 3, Api m 5 and Api m 10. Using allergen-specific antibodies we were able to demonstrate the underrepresentation of relevant major allergens such as Api m 3, Api m 5 and Api m 10 in particular therapeutic extracts. Taken together, standardization of therapeutic extracts by determination of the total allergenic potency might imply the intrinsic pitfall of losing information about particular major allergens. Moreover, the variable allergen composition of different therapeutic HBV extracts might have an impact on therapy outcome and the clinical management of HBV-allergic patients with specific IgE to particular allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Blank
- a Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) , Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) , Munich , Germany
| | - Stefanie Etzold
- a Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) , Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) , Munich , Germany
| | - Ulf Darsow
- b Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Maximilian Schiener
- a Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) , Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) , Munich , Germany
| | - Bernadette Eberlein
- b Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Dennis Russkamp
- a Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) , Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) , Munich , Germany
| | - Sara Wolf
- c Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Anke Graessel
- a Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) , Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) , Munich , Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- b Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Markus Ollert
- d Department of Infection and Immunity , Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) , Esch-sur-Alzette , Luxembourg.,e Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center , Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark , Odense C , Denmark
| | - Carsten B Schmidt-Weber
- a Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) , Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) , Munich , Germany
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Tscheppe A, Breiteneder H. Recombinant Allergens in Structural Biology, Diagnosis, and Immunotherapy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2017; 172:187-202. [PMID: 28467993 DOI: 10.1159/000464104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The years 1988-1995 witnessed the beginning of allergen cloning and the generation of recombinant allergens, which opened up new avenues for the diagnosis and research of human allergic diseases. Most crystal and solution structures of allergens have been obtained using recombinant allergens. Structural information on allergens allows insights into their evolutionary biology, illustrates clinically observed cross-reactivities, and makes the design of hypoallergenic derivatives for allergy vaccines possible. Recombinant allergens are widely used in molecule-based allergy diagnosis such as protein microarrays or suspension arrays. Recombinant technologies have been used to produce well-characterized, noncontaminated vaccine components with known biological activities including a variety of allergen derivatives with reduced IgE reactivity. Such recombinant hypoallergens as well as wild-type recombinant allergens have been used successfully in several immunotherapy trials for more than a decade to treat birch and grass pollen allergy. As a more recent application, the development of antibody repertoires directed against conformational epitopes during immunotherapy has been monitored by recombinant allergen chimeras. Although much progress has been made, the number and quality of recombinant allergens will undoubtedly increase and keep improving our knowledge in basic scientific investigations, diagnosis, and therapy of human allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Tscheppe
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Zhao F, Elkelish A, Durner J, Lindermayr C, Winkler JB, Ruёff F, Behrendt H, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Holzinger A, Kofler W, Braun P, von Toerne C, Hauck SM, Ernst D, Frank U. Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.): allergenicity and molecular characterization of pollen after plant exposure to elevated NO2. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:147-64. [PMID: 26177592 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ragweed pollen is the main cause of allergenic diseases in Northern America, and the weed has become a spreading neophyte in Europe. Climate change and air pollution are speculated to affect the allergenic potential of pollen. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of NO2 , a major air pollutant, under controlled conditions, on the allergenicity of ragweed pollen. Ragweed was exposed to different levels of NO2 throughout the entire growing season, and its pollen further analysed. Spectroscopic analysis showed increased outer cell wall polymers and decreased amounts of pectin. Proteome studies using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry indicated increased amounts of several Amb a 1 isoforms and of another allergen with great homology to enolase Hev b 9 from rubber tree. Analysis of protein S-nitrosylation identified nitrosylated proteins in pollen from both conditions, including Amb a 1 isoforms. However, elevated NO2 significantly enhanced the overall nitrosylation. Finally, we demonstrated increased overall pollen allergenicity by immunoblotting using ragweed antisera, showing a significantly higher allergenicity for Amb a 1. The data highlight a direct influence of elevated NO2 on the increased allergenicity of ragweed pollen and a direct correlation with an increased risk for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Amr Elkelish
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- Biochemical Plant Pathology, Technische Universität München, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Freising, 85350, Germany
| | - Christian Lindermayr
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - J Barbro Winkler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Franziska Ruёff
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, 80337, Germany
| | - Heidrun Behrendt
- Center of Allergy & Environment München (ZAUM), Technische Universität and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, 80802, Germany
- CK-CARE, Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, 7265, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- CK-CARE, Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, 7265, Switzerland
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, Technische Universität München, Augsburg, 86156, Germany
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Institute for Botany, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Werner Kofler
- Institute for Botany, Leopold-Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Paula Braun
- Department of Applied Sciences and Mechanotronics, University of Applied Science Munich, Munich, 80335, Germany
| | - Christine von Toerne
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Dieter Ernst
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- CK-CARE, Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, 7265, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Frank
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
- CK-CARE, Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, 7265, Switzerland
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Abstract
Anaphylaxis due to Hymenoptera stings is one of the most severe consequences of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions. Although allergic reactions to Hymenoptera stings are often considered as a general model for the underlying principles of allergic disease, diagnostic tests are still hampered by a lack of specificity and venom immunotherapy by severe side effects and incomplete protection. In recent years, the knowledge about the molecular composition of Hymenoptera venoms has significantly increased and more and more recombinant venom allergens with advanced characteristics have become available for diagnostic measurement of specific IgE in venom-allergic patients. These recombinant venom allergens offer several promising possibilities for an improved diagnostic algorithm. Reviewed here are the current status, recent developments, and future perspectives of molecular diagnostics of venom allergy. Already to date, it is foreseeable that component-resolution already has now or will in the future have the potential to discriminate between clinically significant and irrelevant sensitization, to increase the specificity and sensitivity of diagnostics, to monitor immunotherapeutic intervention, and to contribute to the understanding of the immunological mechanisms elicited by insect venoms.
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Archila LD, DeLong JH, Wambre E, James EA, Robinson DM, Kwok WW. Grass-specific CD4(+) T-cells exhibit varying degrees of cross-reactivity, implications for allergen-specific immunotherapy. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 44:986-98. [PMID: 24708411 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conceptually, allergic responses may involve cross-reactivity by antibodies or T-cells. While IgE cross-reactivity among grass-pollen allergens has been observed, cross-reactivity at the allergen-specific T-cell level has been less documented. Identification of the patterns of cross-reactivity may improve our understanding, allowing optimization of better immunotherapy strategies. OBJECTIVES We use Phleum pratense as model for the studying of cross-reactivity at the allergen-specific CD4(+) T cell level among DR04:01 restricted Pooideae grass-pollen T-cell epitopes. METHODS After in vitro culture of blood mono-nucleated cells from grass-pollen-allergic subjects with specific Pooideae antigenic epitopes, dual tetramer staining with APC-labelled DR04:01/Phleum pratense tetramers and PE-labelled DR04:01/Pooideae grass homolog tetramers was assessed to identify cross-reactivity among allergen-specific DR04:01-restricted T-cells in six subjects. Direct ex vivo staining enabled the comparison of frequency and phenotype of different Pooideae grass-pollen reactive T-cells. Intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) assays were also used to examine phenotypes of these T-cells. RESULTS T-cells with various degrees of cross-reactive profiles could be detected. Poa p 1 97-116 , Lol p 1 221-240 , Lol p 5a 199-218 , and Poa p 5a 199-218 were identified as minimally cross-reactive T-cell epitopes that do not show cross-reactivity to Phl p 1 and Phl p 5a epitopes. Ex vivo tetramer staining assays demonstrated T-cells that recognized these minimally cross-reactive T-cell epitopes are present in Grass-pollen-allergic subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that not all Pooideae grass epitopes with sequence homology are cross-reactive. Non-cross-reactive T-cells with comparable frequency, phenotype and functionality to Phl p-specific T-cells suggest that a multiple allergen system should be considered for immunotherapy instead of a mono-allergen system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Archila
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
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Panzner P, Vachová M, Vítovcová P, Brodská P, Vlas T. A comprehensive analysis of middle-European molecular sensitization profiles to pollen allergens. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014; 164:74-82. [PMID: 24903005 DOI: 10.1159/000362760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular diagnosis of allergy and microarray technology have opened a completely new avenue of insight into sensitization profiles from both the clinical and the epidemiological point of view. We used this innovative tool in the description of sensitization patterns in pollen-sensitized patients in Middle Europe. Immunoglobulin E detection using 112 different allergenic molecules was carried out employing the ImmunoCAP ISAC microarray system. Sera from 826 patients sensitized to at least one pollen-derived molecule were subjected to analysis. The highest observed sensitization rate was 81.0% to grass-specific molecules (the most frequent being Phl p 1; 69.6%). The second most frequent sensitization was 54.8% to Betulaceae-specific molecules (Bet v 1; 54.2%). Together, grasses and Betulaceae components (and their cosensitizations with other components) comprised the vast majority of pollen sensitizations. Unexpectedly frequently observed sensitizations were those to Cupressaceae-specific molecules (14.1%), Oleaceae-specific molecules (10.8%), and the plane tree-derived molecule Pla a 2 (15.5%). The sensitization rates for all other molecules were within the expected range (Art v 1, 13.6%; Pla l 1, 9.6%; Che a 1, 8.4%; Par j 2, 0.9%; Amb a 1, 0.8%, and Sal k 1, 0.5%). Cross-reacting molecule sensitization rates were found to be 12.4% for profilins, 5.0% for polcalcins, and 6.4% for lipid transfer proteins. Molecular diagnosis of allergy gives a more precise and comprehensive insight into pollen sensitization patterns than extract-based testing, allowing a better understanding of the sensitization process and regional differences. The data presented here may help to improve the diagnostic and allergen-specific treatment procedures in the respective region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Panzner
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Douladiris N, Savvatianos S, Roumpedaki I, Skevaki C, Mitsias D, Papadopoulos NG. A molecular diagnostic algorithm to guide pollen immunotherapy in southern Europe: towards component-resolved management of allergic diseases. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013; 162:163-72. [PMID: 23921568 DOI: 10.1159/000353113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct identification of the culprit allergen is an essential part of diagnosis and treatment in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic diseases. In recent years, molecular biology has made important advances facilitating such identification and overcoming some of the drawbacks of natural allergen extracts, which consist of mixtures of various proteins that may be allergenic or not, specific for the allergen source or widely distributed (panallergens). New technologies offer the opportunity for a more accurate component-resolved diagnosis, of benefit especially to polysensitized allergic patients. The basic elements of molecular diagnostics with potential relevance to immunotherapy prescription are reviewed here, with a focus on Southern European sensitization patterns to pollen allergens. We propose a basic algorithm regarding component-resolved diagnostic work-up for pollen allergen-specific immunotherapy candidates in Southern Europe; this and similar algorithms can form the basis of improved patient management, conceptually a 'Component-Resolved Allergy Management'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Douladiris
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Molecular profile clustering of IgE responses and potential implications for specific immunotherapy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 13:438-45. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e3283630ca5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Proteomics-based allergen analysis in plants. J Proteomics 2013; 93:40-9. [PMID: 23568023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Plants may trigger hypersensitivity reactions when individuals with allergies consume foods derived from plant materials or inhale plant pollen. As each plant food or pollen contains multiple allergens, proteomics is a powerful tool to detect the allergens present. Allergen-targeted proteomics, termed allergenomics, has been used for comprehensive identification and/or quantification of plant allergens, because it is a simple and inexpensive tool for rapid detection of proteins that bind to IgE. There are increasing numbers of reports on the applications of allergenomics. In this review, we outline some of the applications of proteomics, including: (i) identification of novel allergens, (ii) allergic diagnoses, (iii) quantification of allergens, and (iv) natural diversity of allergens, and finally discuss (v) the use of allergenomics for safety assessment of genetically modified (GM) plants. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Recently, the number of allergic patients is increasing. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of allergens (allergenomics) in plants is highly important for not only risk assessment of food plants but also diagnosis of allergic symptoms. In this manuscript, we reviewed the recent progress of allergenomics for identification, quantification and profiling of allergens. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translational Plant Proteomics.
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Tripodi S, Frediani T, Lucarelli S, Macrì F, Pingitore G, Di Rienzo Businco A, Dondi A, Pansa P, Ragusa G, Asero R, Faggian D, Plebani M, Matricardi PM. Molecular profiles of IgE to Phleum pratense in children with grass pollen allergy: implications for specific immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 129:834-839.e8. [PMID: 22206774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The so-called component-resolved immunotherapy of allergies proposes an immunization tailored to the molecular sensitization profiles of individual patients. OBJECTIVES We sought (1) to investigate the profiles of IgE sensitization to Phleum pratense in children with grass pollen allergy and (2) to define the compatibility of these profiles with a mixture of recombinant allergenic molecules of P pratense previously proposed for specific immunotherapy. METHODS We examined 200 children (age, 4-18 years; 126 boys) with allergic rhinitis, asthma, or both ascertained through validated questionnaires. Each child underwent skin prick testing (ALK-Abelló) and serum IgE assays (ImmunoCAP, Phadia) with 9 pollen extracts. Sera reacting against P pratense were tested for the individual molecules (rPhl p 1, rPhl p 2, rPhl p 4, nPhl p 4, rPhl p 5b, rPhl p 6, rPhl p 7, rPhl p 11, and Phl p 12). Through a combinatorial approach, the IgE individual sensitization profiles were matched against an experimental allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) preparation containing Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 5, and Phl p 6. RESULTS Among the 176 of 200 children with IgE sensitization to P pratense extract, 39 profiles of sensitization to the 8 allergenic molecules tested (cutoff, 0.35 kU/L) were identified. This high heterogeneity was reduced by considering only 6 or 4 P pratense molecules but not by increasing the cutoff levels of IgE positivity. The molecular profile of the experimental SIT preparation matched that of 7 (4%) of 176 patients only; the remaining 169 patients were classified in 4 mismatch categories: underpowered (29%), overpowered (32%), underpowered/overpowered (32%), and unrelated (3%). CONCLUSIONS IgE sensitization profiles to P pratense are highly heterogeneous. Molecularly designed SIT preparations tailored to patients' needs should consider this high heterogeneity and be driven by locally performed population studies.
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