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Cichońska P, Bryś J, Ziarno M. Use of natural biotechnological processes to modify the nutritional properties of bean-based and lentil-based beverages. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16976. [PMID: 37813961 PMCID: PMC10562390 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The market for plant-based beverages (PBBs) is relatively new; hence, to enable its further development, it is important to use new raw materials and improve production technology. The use of natural biotechnological processes can diversify the segment of PBBs, which may offer products with better functionality than those available in the market. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effects of fermentation and germination on the nutritional properties of bean-based beverages (BBs) and lentil-based beverages (LBs). The applied processes significantly (p ≤ 0.05) influenced the characteristics of PBBs. Fermentation improved the antioxidant properties (e.g., by increasing the level of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity by 2-6% and 3-7% for BBs and LBs, respectively) and modified the fatty acid (FA) profile of PBBs. This process increased the share of polyunsaturated FAs in the sn2 position in triacylglycerols, which may promote its absorption in the intestine. The simultaneous use of germination and fermentation was most effective in decreasing oligosaccharide content (< 1.55 mg/kg), which may reduce digestive discomfort after consuming PBBs. We recommend that the designing of innovative legume-based beverages should include the application of fermentation and germination to obtain products with probiotic bacteria and improved nutritional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Cichońska
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159C St., 020776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Bryś
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159C St., 020776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ziarno
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159C St., 020776, Warsaw, Poland
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Nishiyama K, Yong CC, Moritoki N, Kitazawa H, Odamaki T, Xiao JZ, Mukai T. Sharing of Moonlighting Proteins Mediates the Symbiotic Relationship among Intestinal Commensals. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0219022. [PMID: 36847513 PMCID: PMC10053696 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02190-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by trillions of symbiotic bacteria that form a complex ecological community and influence human physiology. Symbiotic nutrient sharing and nutrient competition are the most studied relationships in gut commensals, whereas the interactions underlying homeostasis and community maintenance are not fully understood. Here, we provide insights into a new symbiotic relationship wherein the sharing of secreted cytoplasmic proteins, called "moonlighting proteins," between two heterologous bacterial strains (Bifidobacterium longum and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron) was observed to affect the adhesion of bacteria to mucins. B. longum and B. thetaiotaomicron were cocultured using a membrane-filter system, and in this system the cocultured B. thetaiotaomicron cells showed greater adhesion to mucins compared to that shown by monoculture cells. Proteomic analysis showed the presence of 13 B. longum-derived cytoplasmic proteins on the surface of B. thetaiotaomicron. Moreover, incubation of B. thetaiotaomicron with the recombinant proteins GroEL and elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu)-two well-known mucin-adhesive moonlighting proteins of B. longum-led to an increase in the adhesion of B. thetaiotaomicron to mucins, a result attributed to the localization of these proteins on the B. thetaiotaomicron cell surface. Furthermore, the recombinant EF-Tu and GroEL proteins were observed to bind to the cell surface of several other bacterial species; however, the binding was species dependent. The present findings indicate a symbiotic relationship mediated by the sharing of moonlighting proteins among specific strains of B. longum and B. thetaiotaomicron. IMPORTANCE The adhesion of intestinal bacteria to the mucus layer is an important colonization strategy in the gut environment. Generally, the bacterial adhesion process is a characteristic feature of the individual cell surface-associated adhesion factors secreted by a particular bacterium. In this study, coculture experiments between Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides show that the secreted moonlighting proteins adhere to the cell surface of coexisting bacteria and alter the adhesiveness of the bacteria to mucins. This finding indicates that the moonlighting proteins act as adhesion factors for not only homologous strains but also for coexisting heterologous strains. The presence of a coexisting bacterium in the environment can significantly alter the mucin-adhesive properties of another bacterium. The findings from this study contribute to a better understanding of the colonization properties of gut bacteria through the discovery of a new symbiotic relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Nishiyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Cheng-Chung Yong
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuko Moritoki
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aobaku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Odamaki
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jin-Zhong Xiao
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takao Mukai
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
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Sałański P, Kowalczyk M, Bardowski JK, Szczepankowska AK. Health-Promoting Nature of Lactococcus lactis IBB109 and Lactococcus lactis IBB417 Strains Exhibiting Proliferation Inhibition and Stimulation of Interleukin-18 Expression in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:822912. [PMID: 35694291 PMCID: PMC9174673 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.822912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are Gram-positive bacteria which are considered for use as adjuvant therapeutics in management of various disease ailments, including obesity, irritable bowel syndrome, lactose intolerance and cancer. To investigate the possible use of Lactococcus lactis strains from our collection in treatment of gastrointestinal cancer, we tested them for the ability to arrest proliferation of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2). Results of the BrdU assay showed that the anti-proliferative activity of L. lactis cells is strain-specific. We found that particularly, two strains, L. lactis IBB109 and L. lactis IBB417, exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect. Moreover, both strains triggered interleukin 18 gene expression, normally inhibited in Caco-2 (cancer) cells. To examine the probiotic potential of the two strains, we tested them for bile salts and acid tolerance, as well as adhesion properties. Both isolates exhibited probiotic potential—they survived in the presence of 0.3% bile salts and tolerated exposure to low pH and osmotic stress. Notably, we found that L. lactis IBB417 displayed better adherence to mucus and Caco-2 cells than L. lactis IBB109. Additionally, by microdilution tests we confirmed that both strains are sensitive to all nine antibiotics of human and veterinary importance listed by the European Food Safety Authority. Finally, by in silico investigations of whole genome sequencing data, we revealed the genetic features of L. lactis IBB109 and L. lactis IBB417 that can be associated with functional (e.g., adhesion and carbohydrate metabolic genes) and safety (e.g., virulence and antibiotic resistance) aspects of the strains, confirming their health-promoting potential.
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Arenas-Padilla M, González-Rascón A, Hernández-Mendoza A, Calderón de la Barca AM, Hernández J, Mata-Haro V. Immunomodulation by Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb12: Integrative Analysis of miRNA Expression and TLR2 Pathway-Related Target Proteins in Swine Monocytes. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 14:510-522. [PMID: 34283392 PMCID: PMC8289881 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb12 is a widely used probiotic that provides numerous health benefits to its host, many due to its immunomodulatory properties. Although the precise mechanism of modulation is still under investigation, several reports associate the interaction of TLR2 with components of the bacterial cell wall inducing a signaling cascade that culminates with the production of cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important post-transcriptional regulators of immune responses, including those toward probiotics. In this study, we analyzed the miRNA expression profile in swine monocytes exposed to Bb12 by using an anti-TLR2 blocking strategy and Bb12 involvement in the regulation of the TLR2 pathway. As a result, the expression of 40 miRNAs was influenced by the treatments (p < 0.01), and 15 differentially expressed miRNAs with validated miRNA–mRNA interactions with around 26 proteins related to the TLR2 pathway were identified. The miRNAs upregulated in response to Bb12 included miR-15a-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-29b-3p, and miR-30d-5p, and the following showed downregulation: miR-181a-5p, miR-19b-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-23a-5p, and miR-221-3p. The expression of let-7c-5p, let-7f-5p, miR-146b-5p, miR-150-5p, and miR-155-5p was increased by Bb12 only when TLR2 was blocked. The identified miRNA common targets were downstream proteins from bacterial recognition via TLR2, such as MyD88, TRAF6, and MAPK members; transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP-1; and cytokines such as IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α. TLR2 participation was abrogated by anti-TLR2 antibody and suggests that bacterial recognition is complemented by other receptors since there were still changes in the microtranscriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Arenas-Padilla
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo E. Astiazarán 46, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Anna González-Rascón
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo E. Astiazarán 46, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Adrián Hernández-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo E. Astiazarán 46, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Ana María Calderón de la Barca
- Departamento de Nutrición y Metabolismo, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo E. Astiazarán 46, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Jesús Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo E. Astiazarán 46, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Verónica Mata-Haro
- Laboratorio de Microbiología e Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo E. Astiazarán 46, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
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Zhang G, Zhao J, Wen R, Zhu X, Liu L, Li C. 2'-Fucosyllactose promotes Bifidobacterium bifidum DNG6 adhesion to Caco-2 cells. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:9825-9834. [PMID: 32896399 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion to the intestinal mucosa is the prerequisite for bifidobacteria to colonize and exert biological functions, whereas the choice of carbon source affects the ability of bifidobacteria to adhere to and interact with intestinal epithelial cells. However, knowledge about the relationship between human milk oligosaccharide consumption by bifidobacteria and its adhesion is still limited. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) as the carbon source on the growth and adhesion properties of Bifidobacterium bifidum DNG6, and make comparisons with galactooligosaccharides and glucose. We found that the growth and adhesion properties of B. bifidum DNG6 grown in different carbon sources were varied. The 2'-FL as a carbon source improves the adhesion ability of B. bifidum DNG6. The expression of adhesion-associated genes was significantly higher in B. bifidum DNG6 grown in 2'-FL after incubation with Caco-2 cells compared with that in galactooligosaccharides and glucose. Our results indicated that 2'-FL may promote B. bifidum DNG6 adhesion to Caco-2 cells through high expression of genes encoding adhesion proteins. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the involvement of human milk oligosaccharides in the adhesion of bifidobacteria and further support the potential application of 2'-FL as a prebiotic in infant nutritional supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Rong Wen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xumeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Libo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Myneni SR, Brocavich K, Wang H. Biological strategies for the prevention of periodontal disease: Probiotics and vaccines. Periodontol 2000 2020; 84:161-175. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Rao Myneni
- Department of Periodontology Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
| | - Kristen Brocavich
- Department of Periodontology Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
| | - Howard Wang
- Department of Periodontology Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
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Comerlato CB, Ritter AC, Miyamoto KN, Brandelli A. Proteomic study of Enterococcus durans LAB18S growing on prebiotic oligosaccharides. Food Microbiol 2020; 89:103430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Souza JVD, Oliveira APDD, Ferrari IDS, Miyasato IF, Carrijo KDF, Schwan RF, Dias FS. Autochthonous and commercial cultures with functional properties in goat milk supplemented with licuri fruit. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kobayashi M, Kumagai Y, Yamamoto Y, Yasui H, Kishimura H. Identification of a Key Enzyme for the Hydrolysis of β-(1→3)-Xylosyl Linkage in Red Alga Dulse Xylooligosaccharide from Bifidobacterium Adolescentis. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E174. [PMID: 32245121 PMCID: PMC7142710 DOI: 10.3390/md18030174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Red alga dulse possesses a unique xylan, which is composed of a linear β-(1→3)/β-(1→4)-xylosyl linkage. We previously prepared characteristic xylooligosaccharide (DX3, (β-(1→3)-xylosyl-xylobiose)) from dulse. In this study, we evaluated the prebiotic effect of DX3 on enteric bacterium. Although DX3 was utilized by Bacteroides sp. and Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bacteroides Ksp. grew slowly as compared with β-(1→4)-xylotriose (X3) but B. adolescentis grew similar to X3. Therefore, we aimed to find the key DX3 hydrolysis enzymes in B. adolescentis. From bioinformatics analysis, two enzymes from the glycoside hydrolase family 43 (BAD0423: subfamily 12 and BAD0428: subfamily 11) were selected and expressed in Escherichia coli. BAD0423 hydrolyzed β-(1→3)-xylosyl linkage in DX3 with the specific activity of 2988 mU/mg producing xylose (X1) and xylobiose (X2), and showed low activity on X2 and X3. BAD0428 showed high activity on X2 and X3 producing X1, and the activity of BAD0428 on DX3 was 1298 mU/mg producing X1. Cooperative hydrolysis of DX3 was found in the combination of BAD0423 and BAD0428 producing X1 as the main product. From enzymatic character, hydrolysis of X3 was completed by one enzyme BAD0428, whereas hydrolysis of DX3 needed more than two enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Kobayashi
- Chair of Marine Chemical Resource Development, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Hokkaido, Japan (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuya Kumagai
- Laboratory of Marine Chemical Resource Development, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Yohei Yamamoto
- Chair of Marine Chemical Resource Development, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Hokkaido, Japan (Y.Y.)
| | - Hajime Yasui
- Laboratory of Humans and the Ocean, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Hideki Kishimura
- Laboratory of Marine Chemical Resource Development, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Hokkaido, Japan;
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Mantziari A, Tölkkö S, Ouwehand AC, Löyttyniemi E, Isolauri E, Salminen S, Rautava S. The Effect of Donor Human Milk Fortification on The Adhesion of Probiotics In Vitro. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010182. [PMID: 31936487 PMCID: PMC7019708 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm delivery complications are the primary cause of death among children under the age of five. Preventive strategies include the use of pasteurized donor human milk (DHM), its fortification with human milk fortifiers (protein supplements), and supplementation with probiotics. Our aim was to examine the impact of DHM and fortified DHM (FDHM) on the mucus adhesion properties of two widely used probiotics. The study covered two forms of human milk fortifier, liquid and powdered, with or without probiotics and storage at 4 °C for 24 h. To test the adhesion properties of the probiotic strains, DHM+probiotics and FDHM+probiotics were prepared and added to immobilized mucus isolated from the stool of healthy Finnish infants. The probiotic adhesion was then measured by liquid scintillation. Our results suggest that addition of liquid or powdered human milk fortifier in donor human milk had no impact on probiotic adhesion. In addition, given the increased adhesion of probiotics suspended in buffer, other matrices should be further studied. These factors need to be considered when designing future intervention strategies using probiotics in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Mantziari
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4A, 20520 Turku, Finland; (S.T.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-829-450-3820
| | - Satu Tölkkö
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4A, 20520 Turku, Finland; (S.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Artur C. Ouwehand
- DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Sokeritehtaantie 20, 02460 Kantvik, Finland;
| | - Eliisa Löyttyniemi
- Unit of Biostatistics, Department of Clinical Medicine University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Erika Isolauri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; (E.I.); (S.R.)
| | - Seppo Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4A, 20520 Turku, Finland; (S.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Samuli Rautava
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; (E.I.); (S.R.)
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Pereira JQ, Ritter AC, Cibulski S, Brandelli A. Functional genome annotation depicts probiotic properties of Bacillus velezensis FTC01. Gene 2019; 713:143971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.143971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Filannino P, Di Cagno R, Tlais AZA, Cantatore V, Gobbetti M. Fructose-rich niches traced the evolution of lactic acid bacteria toward fructophilic species. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:65-81. [PMID: 30663917 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2018.1543649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) are found in fructose-rich habitats associated with flowers, fruits, fermented foods, and the gastrointestinal tract of several insects having a fructose-based diet. FLAB are heterofermentative lactobacilli that prefer fructose instead of glucose as carbon source, although additional electron acceptor substrates (e.g. oxygen) remarkably enhance their growth on glucose. As a newly discovered bacterial group, FLAB are gaining increasing interest. In this review, the ecological context in which these bacteria exist and evolve was resumed. The wide frequency of isolation of FLAB from fructose feeding insects has been deepened to reveal their ecological significance. Genomic, metabolic data, reductive evolution, and niche specialization of the main FLAB species have been discussed. Findings to date acquired are consistent with a metabolic model in which FLAB display a reliance on environmental niches and the degree of host specificity. In light of FLAB proximity to lactic acid bacteria generally considered to be safe, and due to their peculiar metabolic traits, FLAB may be successfully exploited in food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Filannino
- a Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science , University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- b Faculty of Science and Technology , Libera Università di Bolzano , Bolzano , Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Cantatore
- a Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science , University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- b Faculty of Science and Technology , Libera Università di Bolzano , Bolzano , Italy
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Leboš-Pavunc A, Penava L, Ranilović J, Novak J, Banić M, Butorac K, Petrović E, Mihaljević-Herman V, Bendelja K, Savić-Mlakar A, Durgo K, Kos B, Šušković J. Influence of Dehydrated Wheat/Rice Cereal Matrices on Probiotic Activity of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12® §. Food Technol Biotechnol 2019; 57:147-158. [PMID: 31537964 PMCID: PMC6718970 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.57.02.19.6142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Three novel dehydrated wheat/rice cereal functional products with an addition of well documented probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12® (BB-12®) were developed in Podravka factory for the infants older than 4 months: instant rice cereal, instant rice cereal with fruits and instant wheat cereal with vanilla. Notably, the number of viable BB-12® cells in each of the novel products was higher than the required minimal number of probiotic cells per gram of product (106 CFU/g) during the storage period of 106 weeks. Therefore, BB-12® strain recovery and genome stability were evaluated by strain-specific polimerase chain reaction and amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting analysis. Further aim was to evaluate the influence of these three different cereal food matrices on specific probiotic properties of BB-12® strain in vitro. Applied food matrices positively influenced the survival in the simulated conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and antagonistic activity against undesirable microorganisms, while no influence on auto- and coaggregation ability of B. animalis ssp. lactis BB-12® was observed. Adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins and intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells together with antibacterial activity emphasized competitive pathogen exclusion from Caco-2 cells by probiotic strain BB-12®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Leboš-Pavunc
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lenkica Penava
- Belupo, Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics Inc., Nutraceuticals, Business Development and Registration, I. Savica 36, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Ranilović
- Podravka, Research and Development, Ante Starčevića 32, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Jasna Novak
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Banić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.,University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Butorac
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Emilija Petrović
- Podravka, Research and Development, Ante Starčevića 32, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia
| | | | - Krešo Bendelja
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Savić-Mlakar
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ksenija Durgo
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.,Podravka, Research and Development, Ante Starčevića 32, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Blaženka Kos
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jagoda Šušković
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Antibiotic, Enzyme, Probiotic and Starter Culture Technologies, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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14
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Albert K, Rani A, Sela DA. The comparative genomics of Bifidobacterium callitrichos reflects dietary carbohydrate utilization within the common marmoset gut. Microb Genom 2018; 4. [PMID: 29906260 PMCID: PMC6096940 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium is a diverse genus of anaerobic, saccharolytic bacteria that colonize many animals, notably humans and other mammals. The presence of these bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract represents a potential coevolution between the gut microbiome and its mammalian host mediated by diet. To study the relationship between bifidobacterial gut symbionts and host nutrition, we analyzed the genome of two bifidobacteria strains isolated from the feces of a common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a primate species studied for its ability to subsist on host-indigestible carbohydrates. Whole genome sequencing identified these isolates as unique strains of Bifidobacterium callitrichos. All three strains, including these isolates and the previously described type strain, contain genes that may enable utilization of marmoset dietary substrates. These include genes predicted to contribute to galactose, arabinose, and trehalose metabolic pathways. In addition, significant genomic differences between strains suggest that bifidobacteria possess distinct roles in carbohydrate metabolism within the same host. Thus, bifidobacteria utilize dietary components specific to their host, both humans and non-human primates alike. Comparative genomics suggests conservation of possible coevolutionary relationships within the primate clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korin Albert
- 1Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.,2Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Asha Rani
- 1Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - David A Sela
- 1Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.,2Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.,3Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.,4Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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15
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Pérez Montoro B, Benomar N, Caballero Gómez N, Ennahar S, Horvatovich P, Knapp CW, Alonso E, Gálvez A, Abriouel H. Proteomic analysis of Lactobacillus pentosus for the identification of potential markers of adhesion and other probiotic features. Food Res Int 2018; 111:58-66. [PMID: 30007721 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the adhesion capacity to mucus of 31 Lactobacillus pentosus strains isolated from naturally fermented Aloreña green table olives using an immobilized mucin model. On the basis of their adhesive capacity to mucin, three phenotypes were selected for cell-wall protein proteomic analysis to pinpoint proteins involved in the adhesion process: the highly adhesive L. pentosus CF1-43 N (73.49% of adhesion ability), the moderately adhesive L. pentosus CF1-37 N (49.56% of adhesion ability) and the poorly adhesive L. pentosus CF2-20P (32.79% of adhesion ability). The results revealed four moonlighting proteins over-produced in the highly adhesive L. pentosus CF1-43 N, which were under/not produced in the other two L. pentosus strains (CF1-37 N and CF2-20P). These proteins were involved in glycolytic pathway (phosphoglycerate mutase and glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase), stress response (small heat shock protein) and transcription (transcription elongation factor GreA). Furthermore, the relative fold change in gene expression analysis showed significant up-regulation of the genes coding for these four moonlighting proteins in the highly adhesive L. pentosus CF1-43 N versus the poorly adhesive L. pentosus CF2-20P and also in response to mucin for 20 h which clearly indicate the significant role of these genes in the adhesion capacity of L. pentosus. Thus, these proteins could be used as biomarkers for mucus adhesion in L. pentosus. On the other hand, mucin exposure induced other probiotic effects in L. pentosus strains, enhancing their co-aggregation ability with pathogens and possible inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pérez Montoro
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén 23071, Spain
| | - Nabil Benomar
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén 23071, Spain
| | - Natacha Caballero Gómez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén 23071, Spain
| | - Said Ennahar
- Equipe de Chimie Analytique des Molécules Bio-Actives, UMR 7178, IPHC-DSA, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden 67400, France
| | - Peter Horvatovich
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Centre for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Charles W Knapp
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Alonso
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén 23071, Spain
| | - Antonio Gálvez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén 23071, Spain
| | - Hikmate Abriouel
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén 23071, Spain.
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16
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Nezametdinova VZ, Mavletova DA, Alekseeva MG, Chekalina MS, Zakharevich NV, Danilenko VN. Species-specific serine-threonine protein kinase Pkb2 of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum: Genetic environment and substrate specificity. Anaerobe 2018. [PMID: 29534913 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine for phosphorylated substrates of the species-specific serine-threonine protein kinase (STPK) Pkb2 from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum GT15. Two approaches were employed: analyses of phosphorylated membrane vesicles protein spectra following kinase reactions and analyses of the genes surrounding pkb2. A bioinformatics analysis of the genes surrounding pkb2 found a species-specific gene cluster PFNA in the genomes of 34 different bifidobacterial species. The identified cluster consisted of 5-8 genes depending on the species. The first five genes are characteristic for all considered species. These are the following genes encoding serine-threonine protein kinase (pkb2), fibronectin type III domain-containing protein (fn3), AAA-ATPase (aaa-atp), hypothetical protein with DUF58 domain (duf58) and transglutaminase (tgm). The sixth (protein phosphatase, prpC), seventh (hypothetical protein, BLGT_RS02790), and eighth (FHA domain-containing protein, fha) genes are included in this cluster, but they are not found in all species. The operon organization of the PFNA gene cluster was confirmed with transcriptional analysis. AAA-ATPase, which is encoded by a gene of the PFNA gene cluster, was found to be a substrate of the STPK Pkb2. Fourteen AAA-ATPase sites (seven serine, six threonine, and one tyrosine) phosphorylated by STPK Pkb2 were revealed. Analysis of the spectra of phosphorylated membrane vesicles proteins allowed us to identify eleven proteins that were considered as possible Pkb2 substrates. They belong to several functional classes: proteins involved in transcription and translation; proteins of the F1-domain of the FoF1-ATPase; ABC-transporters; molecular chaperone GroEL; and glutamine synthase, GlnA1. All identified proteins were considered moonlighting proteins. Three out of 11 proteins (glutamine synthetase GlnA1 and FoF1-ATPase alpha and beta subunits) were selected for further in vitro phosphorylation assays and were shown to be phosphorylated by Pkb2. Four phosphorylated substrates of the species-specific STPK Pkb2 from B. longum subsp. longum GT15 were identified for the first time. They included the moonlighting protein glutamine synthase GlnA, FoF1-ATPase alpha and beta subunits, and the chaperone MoxR family of AAA-ATPase. The ability of bifidobacterial STPK to phosphorylate the substrate on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues was shown for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Z Nezametdinova
- Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkin Street, 119991, GSP-1, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - D A Mavletova
- Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkin Street, 119991, GSP-1, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M G Alekseeva
- Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkin Street, 119991, GSP-1, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M S Chekalina
- Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkin Street, 119991, GSP-1, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - N V Zakharevich
- Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkin Street, 119991, GSP-1, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - V N Danilenko
- Laboratory of Genetics of Microorganisms, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkin Street, 119991, GSP-1, Moscow, Russian Federation
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17
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Pescuma M, Gomez-Gomez B, Perez-Corona T, Font G, Madrid Y, Mozzi F. Food prospects of selenium enriched-Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 636 and Lactobacillus reuteri CRL 1101. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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18
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Mucin- and carbohydrate-stimulated adhesion and subproteome changes of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. J Proteomics 2017; 163:102-110. [PMID: 28533178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion to intestinal mucosa is a crucial property for probiotic bacteria. Adhesion is thought to increase host-bacterial interactions, thus potentially enabling health benefits to the host. Molecular events connected with adhesion and surface proteome changes were investigated for the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM cultured with established or emerging prebiotic carbohydrates as carbon source and in the presence of mucin, the glycoprotein of the epithelial mucus layer. Variation in adhesion to HT29-cells and mucin was associated with carbon source and mucin-induced subproteome abundancy differences. Specifically, while growth on fructooligosaccharides (FOS) only stimulated adhesion to intestinal HT-29 cells, cellobiose and polydextrose in addition increased adhesion to mucin. Adhesion to HT-29 cells increased by about 2-fold for bacteria grown on mucin-supplemented glucose. Comparative 2DE-MS surface proteome analysis showed different proteins in energy metabolism appearing on the surface, suggesting they exert moonlighting functions. Mucin-supplemented bacteria had relative abundance of pyruvate kinase and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase increased by about 2-fold while six spots with 3.2-2.1 fold reduced relative abundance comprised elongation factor G, phosphoglycerate kinase, BipAEFTU family GTP-binding protein, ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase, adenylosuccinate synthetase, 30S ribosomal protein S1, and manganese-dependent inorganic pyrophosphatase. Surface proteome of cellobiose- compared to glucose-grown L. acidophilus NCFM had phosphate starvation inducible protein stress-related, thermostable pullulanase, and elongation factor G increasing 4.4-2.4 fold, while GAPDH, elongation factor Ts, and pyruvate kinase were reduced by 2.0-1.5 fold in relative abundance. Addition of recombinant L. acidophilus NCFM elongation factor G and pyruvate kinase to a coated mucin layer significantly suppressed subsequent adhesion of the bacterium. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Human diet is important for intestinal health and food components, especially non-digestible carbohydrates can beneficially modify the microbiota. In the present study, effects of emerging and established prebiotic carbohydrates on the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM were investigated by testing adhesion to a mucin layer and intestinal cells, and comparing this with changes in abundancy of surface proteins thought to be important for host interactions. Increased adhesion was observed following culturing of the bacterium with fructooligosaccharides, cellobiose or polydextrose, as well as mucin-supplemented glucose as carbon source. Enhanced adhesion ability can prolong bacterial residence in GIT yielding positive health effects. Higher relative abundance of certain surface proteins under various conditions (i.e. grown on cellobiose or mucin-supplemented glucose) suggested involvement of these proteins in adhesion, as confirmed by competition in case of two recombinantly produced moonlighting proteins. Combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM with different carbohydrates revealed potential bacterial determinants of synbiotic interactions, including stimulation of adhesion.
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19
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Górska S, Dylus E, Rudawska A, Brzozowska E, Srutkova D, Schwarzer M, Razim A, Kozakova H, Gamian A. Immunoreactive Proteins of Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum CCM 7952 and Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum CCDM 372 Identified by Gnotobiotic Mono-Colonized Mice Sera, Immune Rabbit Sera and Non-immune Human Sera. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1537. [PMID: 27746766 PMCID: PMC5040718 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bifidobacteria show great diversity in the cell surface architecture which may influence the physicochemical properties of the bacterial cell and strain specific properties. The immunomodulatory role of bifidobacteria has been extensively studied, however studies on the immunoreactivity of their protein molecules are very limited. Here, we compared six different methods of protein isolation and purification and we report identification of immunogenic and immunoreactive protein of two human Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum strains. We evaluated potential immunoreactive properties of proteins employing polyclonal sera obtained from germ free mouse, rabbit and human. The protein yield was isolation method-dependent and the reactivity of proteins detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting was heterogeneous and varied between different serum samples. The proteins with the highest immunoreactivity were isolated, purified and have them sequenced. Among the immunoreactive proteins we identified enolase, aspartokinase, pyruvate kinase, DnaK (B. longum ssp. longum CCM 7952) and sugar ABC transporter ATP-binding protein, phosphoglycerate kinase, peptidoglycan synthethase penicillin-binding protein 3, transaldolase, ribosomal proteins and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (B. longum ssp. longum CCDM 372).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Górska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Dylus
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Rudawska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Brzozowska
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dagmar Srutkova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v. v. i., Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Schwarzer
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v. v. i., Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Razim
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Hana Kozakova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v. v. i., Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy of the Polish Academy of Sciences Wroclaw, Poland
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20
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Westermann C, Gleinser M, Corr SC, Riedel CU. A Critical Evaluation of Bifidobacterial Adhesion to the Host Tissue. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1220. [PMID: 27547201 PMCID: PMC4974247 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are common inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract that, despite a long history of research, have not shown any pathogenic potential whatsoever. By contrast, some bifidobacteria are associated with a number of health-related benefits for the host. The reported beneficial effects of bifidobacteria include competitive exclusion of pathogens, alleviation of symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease, and modulation of intestinal and systemic immune responses. Based on these effects, bifidobacteria are widely used as probiotics by pharmaceutical and dairy industries. In order to exert a beneficial effect bifidobacteria have to, at least transiently, colonize the host in a sufficient population size. Besides other criteria such as resistance to manufacturing processes and intestinal transit, potential probiotic bacteria are tested for adhesion to the host structures including intestinal epithelial cells, mucus, and extracellular matrix components. In the present review article, we summarize the current knowledge on bifidobacterial structures that mediate adhesion to host tissue and compare these to similar structures of pathogenic bacteria. This reveals that most of the adhesive structures and mechanisms involved in adhesion of bifidobacteria to host tissue are similar or even identical to those employed by pathogens to cause disease. It is thus reasonable to assume that these structures and mechanisms are equally important for commensal or probiotic bacteria and play a similar role in the beneficial effects exerted by bifidobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marita Gleinser
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm Ulm, Germany
| | - Sinéad C Corr
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventative Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian U Riedel
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm Ulm, Germany
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21
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Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis in prevention of common infections in healthy children attending day care centers – Randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Nutr 2016; 35:587-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Zhu D, Sun Y, Liu F, Li A, Yang L, Meng XC. Identification of surface-associated proteins of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis KLDS 2.0603 by enzymatic shaving. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5155-5172. [PMID: 27132091 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are commensal microorganisms of the human and animal intestinal tract, and their surface proteins can mediate bacterial communication and chemical sensing in the environment, as well as facilitate interactions between bacteria and the host. However, a systematic study of the outer surface-associated proteome of bifidobacteria has not been undertaken. In the present study, the proteins located on the surface of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis KLDS 2.0603 were systematically identified by a nongel proteomic approach, which consisted of the shaving of the bacterial surface with trypsin and an analysis of the released peptides by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 105 surface-associated proteins were found, of which 15 proteins could potentially be involved in adhesion and interactions between bifidobacteria and the host. The proteins related to adhesion and interaction between bacteria and the host include pilus structure proteins (Fim A, Fim B), 10 moonlighting proteins, an NLP/P60 family protein, an immunogenic secreted protein, and a putative sugar-binding secreted protein. The results provide the basis for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of the interactions between bifidobacteria and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dequan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China; College of Life Sciences, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Aili Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Limei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Chen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China; Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Celebioglu HU, Ejby M, Majumder A, Købler C, Goh YJ, Thorsen K, Schmidt B, O'Flaherty S, Abou Hachem M, Lahtinen SJ, Jacobsen S, Klaenhammer TR, Brix S, Mølhave K, Svensson B. Differential proteome and cellular adhesion analyses of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM grown on raffinose - an emerging prebiotic. Proteomics 2016; 16:1361-75. [PMID: 26959526 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Whole cell and surface proteomes were analyzed together with adhesive properties of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (NCFM) grown on the emerging prebiotic raffinose, exemplifying a synbiotic. Adhesion of NCFM to mucin and intestinal HT-29 cells increased three-fold after culture with raffinose versus glucose, as also visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Comparative proteomics using 2D-DIGE showed 43 unique proteins to change in relative abundance in whole cell lysates from NCFM grown on raffinose compared to glucose. Furthermore, 14 unique proteins in 18 spots of the surface subproteome underwent changes identified by differential 2DE, including elongation factor G, thermostable pullulanase, and phosphate starvation inducible stress-related protein increasing in a range of +2.1 - +4.7 fold. By contrast five known moonlighting proteins decreased in relative abundance by up to -2.4 fold. Enzymes involved in raffinose catabolism were elevated in the whole cell proteome; α-galactosidase (+13.9 fold); sucrose phosphorylase (+5.4 fold) together with metabolic enzymes from the Leloir pathway for galactose utilization and the glycolysis; β-galactosidase (+5.7 fold); galactose (+2.9/+3.1 fold) and fructose (+2.8 fold) kinases. The insights at the molecular and cellular levels contributed to the understanding of the interplay of a synbiotic composed of NCFM and raffinose with the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ufuk Celebioglu
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten Ejby
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Avishek Majumder
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Carsten Købler
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yong Jun Goh
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kristian Thorsen
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Schmidt
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sarah O'Flaherty
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Maher Abou Hachem
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Susanne Jacobsen
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Todd R Klaenhammer
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Susanne Brix
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristian Mølhave
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Lyngby, Denmark
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24
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González-Miguel J, Siles-Lucas M, Kartashev V, Morchón R, Simón F. Plasmin in Parasitic Chronic Infections: Friend or Foe? Trends Parasitol 2016; 32:325-335. [PMID: 26775037 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plasmin is the final product of the fibrinolytic system, the physiological mechanism responsible for dissolving fibrin clots. Its broad-range proteolytic activity implies that interaction with fibrinolysis and recruitment of plasmin by blood and tissue parasites is an important mechanism that mediates the invasion and establishment of this kind of pathogen in the hosts. However, recent studies have linked an excess of plasmin generated by this interaction with serious pathological events at the vascular level, including the proliferation and migration of arterial wall cells, inflammation, and degradation of the extracellular matrix. Therefore, we present data that support the need to reconsider the role of plasmin, as well as its benefits or drawbacks, in the context of host-parasite relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier González-Miguel
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | | | - Vladimir Kartashev
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rostov State Medical University, Rostov-na-Donu, Russia
| | - Rodrigo Morchón
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fernando Simón
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
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Iaconelli C, Lemetais G, Kechaou N, Chain F, Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Langella P, Gervais P, Beney L. Drying process strongly affects probiotics viability and functionalities. J Biotechnol 2015; 214:17-26. [PMID: 26325197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic formulations are widely used and are proposed to have a variety of beneficial effects, depending on the probiotic strains present in the product. The impact of drying processes on the viability of probiotics is well documented. However, the impact of these processes on probiotics functionality remains unclear. In this work, we investigated variations in seven different bacterial markers after various desiccation processes. Markers were composed of four different viability evaluation (combining two growth abilities and two cytometric measurements) and in three in vitro functionalities: stimulation of IL-10 and IL-12 production by PBMCs (immunomodulation) and bacterial adhesion to hexadecane. We measured the impact of three drying processes (air-drying, freeze-drying and spray-drying), without the use of protective agents, on three types of probiotic bacteria: Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus zeae. Our results show that the bacteria respond differently to the three different drying processes, in terms of viability and functionality. Drying methods produce important variations in bacterial immunomodulation and hydrophobicity, which are correlated. We also show that adherence can be stimulated (air-drying) or inhibited (spray-drying) by drying processes. Results of a multivariate analysis show no direct correlation between bacterial survival and functionality, but do show a correlation between probiotic responses to desiccation-rewetting and the process used to dry the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Iaconelli
- UMR Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, Université de Bourgogne, AgroSup Dijon, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Guillaume Lemetais
- Merck Medication Familiale, 18C boulevard Winston Churchill, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Noura Kechaou
- Institut MICALIS, UMR 1319, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Florian Chain
- Institut MICALIS, UMR 1319, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy en Josas, France
| | | | - Philippe Langella
- Institut MICALIS, UMR 1319, Domaine de Vilvert, 78352 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Patrick Gervais
- UMR Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, Université de Bourgogne, AgroSup Dijon, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Beney
- UMR Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, Université de Bourgogne, AgroSup Dijon, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France.
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Ten years of subproteome investigations in lactic acid bacteria: A key for food starter and probiotic typing. J Proteomics 2015; 127:332-9. [PMID: 25957532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The definition of safety and efficacy of food-employed bacteria as well as probiotic strains is a continuous, often unattended, challenge. Proteomic techniques such as 2DE, DIGE and LC/LC-MS/MS are suitable and powerful tools to reveal new aspects (positive and negative) of "known" and "unknown" strains that can be employed in food making and as nutraceutical supplements for human health. Unfortunately, these techniques are not used as extensively as it should be wise. The present report describes the most significant results obtained by our research group in 10years of study on subproteomes in bacteria, chiefly lactic acid bacteria. Production of desired and undesired metabolites, differences between strains belonging to same species but isolated from different ecological niches, the effect of cryoprotectants on survival to lyophilization as well as the adhesive capability of strains, were elucidated by analysis of cytosolic, membrane-enriched, surface and extracellular proteomes. The present review opens a window on a yet largely underexplored field and highlights the huge potential of subproteome investigations for more rational choice of microbial strains as food starters, probiotics and for production of nutraceuticals. These analyses will hopefully contribute to manufacturing safer and healthier food and food supplements in the near future. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: HUPO 2014.
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Roy A, Mukhopadhyay S, Sarkar I, Sen A. Comparative investigation of the various determinants that influence the codon and amino acid usage patterns in the genus Bifidobacterium. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:959-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Papadimitriou K, Zoumpopoulou G, Foligné B, Alexandraki V, Kazou M, Pot B, Tsakalidou E. Discovering probiotic microorganisms: in vitro, in vivo, genetic and omics approaches. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:58. [PMID: 25741323 PMCID: PMC4330916 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades the food industry has been revolutionized toward the production of functional foods due to an increasing awareness of the consumers on the positive role of food in wellbeing and health. By definition probiotic foods must contain live microorganisms in adequate amounts so as to be beneficial for the consumer’s health. There are numerous probiotic foods marketed today and many probiotic strains are commercially available. However, the question that arises is how to determine the real probiotic potential of microorganisms. This is becoming increasingly important, as even a superficial search of the relevant literature reveals that the number of proclaimed probiotics is growing fast. While the vast majority of probiotic microorganisms are food-related or commensal bacteria that are often regarded as safe, probiotics from other sources are increasingly being reported raising possible regulatory and safety issues. Potential probiotics are selected after in vitro or in vivo assays by evaluating simple traits such as resistance to the acidic conditions of the stomach or bile resistance, or by assessing their impact on complicated host functions such as immune development, metabolic function or gut–brain interaction. While final human clinical trials are considered mandatory for communicating health benefits, rather few strains with positive studies have been able to convince legal authorities with these health claims. Consequently, concern has been raised about the validity of the workflows currently used to characterize probiotics. In this review we will present an overview of the most common assays employed in screening for probiotics, highlighting the potential strengths and limitations of these approaches. Furthermore, we will focus on how the advent of omics technologies has reshaped our understanding of the biology of probiotics, allowing the exploration of novel routes for screening and studying such microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Papadimitriou
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens Greece
| | - Georgia Zoumpopoulou
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens Greece
| | - Benoit Foligné
- Bactéries Lactiques et Immunité des Muqueuses, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, CNRS UMR8204, Lille France
| | - Voula Alexandraki
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens Greece
| | - Maria Kazou
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens Greece
| | - Bruno Pot
- Bactéries Lactiques et Immunité des Muqueuses, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, CNRS UMR8204, Lille France
| | - Effie Tsakalidou
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens Greece
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Food Omics Validation: Towards Understanding Key Features for Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Human Health. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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TgaA, a VirB1-like component belonging to a putative type IV secretion system of Bifidobacterium bifidum MIMBb75. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:5161-9. [PMID: 24951779 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01413-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium bifidum MIMBb75 is a human intestinal isolate demonstrated to be interactive with the host and efficacious as a probiotic. However, the molecular biology of this microorganism is yet largely unknown. For this reason, we undertook whole-genome sequencing of B. bifidum MIMBb75 to identify potential genetic factors that would explain the metabolic and probiotic attributes of this bacterium. Comparative genomic analysis revealed a 45-kb chromosomal region that comprises 19 putative genes coding for a potential type IV secretion system (T4SS). Thus, we undertook the initial characterization of this genetic region by studying the putative virB1-like gene, named tgaA. Gene tgaA encodes a peptidoglycan lytic enzyme containing two active domains: lytic murein transglycosylase (LT, cd00254.3) and cysteine- and histidine-dependent amidohydrolase/peptidase (CHAP, pfam05257.4). By means of several in vitro assays, we experimentally confirmed that protein TgaA, consistent with its computationally assigned role, has peptidoglycan lytic activity, which is principally associated to the LT domain. Furthermore, immunofluorescence and immunogold labeling showed that the protein TgaA is abundantly expressed on the cell surface of B. bifidum MIMBb75. According to the literature, the T4SSs, which have not been characterized before in bifidobacteria, can have important implications for bacterial cell-to-cell communication as well as cross talk with host cells, justifying the interest for further studies aimed at the investigation of this genetic region.
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Mangiapane E, Lamberti C, Pessione A, Galano E, Amoresano A, Pessione E. Selenium effects on the metabolism of a Se-metabolizingLactobacillus reuteri: analysis of envelope-enriched and extracellular proteomes. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:1272-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70557a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fixation of selenium byLactobacillus reuteriLb2 BM DSM 16143 into secreted proteins as selenocysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Mangiapane
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology
- University of Turin
- Torino
- Italy
| | - C. Lamberti
- CNR ISPA
- c/o Bioindustry Park S. Fumero
- Colleretto Giacosa
- Italy
| | - A. Pessione
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology
- University of Turin
- Torino
- Italy
| | - E. Galano
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples “Federico II”
- Napoli
- Italy
| | - A. Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Naples “Federico II”
- Napoli
- Italy
| | - E. Pessione
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology
- University of Turin
- Torino
- Italy
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Genovese F, Coïsson JD, Majumder A, Pessione A, Svensson B, Jacobsen S, Pessione E. An exoproteome approach to monitor safety of a cheese-isolated Lactococcus lactis. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Catabolism of glucose and lactose in Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, studied by 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:7628-38. [PMID: 24077711 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02529-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are widely used as probiotics in several commercial products; however, to date there is little knowledge about their carbohydrate metabolic pathways. In this work, we studied the metabolism of glucose and lactose in the widely used probiotic strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 by in vivo (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The metabolism of [1-(13)C]glucose was characterized in cells grown in glucose as the sole carbon source. Moreover, the metabolism of lactose specifically labeled with (13)C on carbon 1 of the glucose or the galactose moiety was determined in suspensions of cells grown in lactose. These experiments allowed the quantification of some intermediate and end products of the metabolic pathways, as well as determination of the consumption rate of carbon sources. Additionally, the labeling patterns in metabolites derived from the metabolism of glucose specifically labeled with (13)C on carbon 1, 2, or 3 in cells grown in glucose or lactose specifically labeled in carbon 1 of the glucose moiety ([1-(13)Cglucose]lactose), lactose specifically labeled in carbon 1 of the galactose moiety ([1-(13)Cgalactose]lactose), and [1-(13)C]glucose in lactose-grown cells were determined in cell extracts by (13)C NMR. The NMR analysis showed that the recovery of carbon was fully compatible with the fructose 6-phosphate, or bifid, shunt. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase, acetate kinase, fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase, and pyruvate formate lyase differed significantly between glucose and lactose cultures. The transcriptional analysis of several putative glucose and lactose transporters showed a significant induction of Balat_0475 in the presence of lactose, suggesting a role for this protein as a lactose permease. This report provides the first in vivo experimental evidence of the metabolic flux distribution in the catabolic pathway of glucose and lactose in bifidobacteria and shows that the bifid shunt is the only pathway involved in energy recruitment from these two sugars. On the basis of our experimental results, a model of sugar metabolism in B. animalis subsp. lactis is proposed.
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Viborg AH, Sørensen KI, Gilad O, Steen-Jensen DB, Dilokpimol A, Jacobsen S, Svensson B. Biochemical and kinetic characterisation of a novel xylooligosaccharide-upregulated GH43 β-d-xylosidase/α-l-arabinofuranosidase (BXA43) from the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12. AMB Express 2013; 3:56. [PMID: 24025736 PMCID: PMC3847938 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-3-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 gene BIF_00092, assigned to encode a β-d-xylosidase (BXA43) of glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43), was cloned with a C-terminal His-tag and expressed in Escherichia coli. BXA43 was purified to homogeneity from the cell lysate and found to be a dual-specificity exo-hydrolase active on para-nitrophenyl-β-d-xylopyranoside (pNPX), para-nitrophenyl-α-L-arabinofuranoside (pNPA), β-(1 → 4)-xylopyranosyl oligomers (XOS) of degree of polymerisation (DP) 2-4, and birchwood xylan. A phylogenetic tree of the 92 characterised GH43 enzymes displayed five distinct groups (I - V) showing specificity differences. BXA43 belonged to group IV and had an activity ratio for pNPA:pNPX of 1:25. BXA43 was stable below 40°C and at pH 4.0-8.0 and showed maximum activity at pH 5.5 and 50°C. Km and kcat for pNPX were 15.6 ± 4.2 mM and 60.6 ± 10.8 s-1, respectively, and substrate inhibition became apparent above 18 mM pNPX. Similar kinetic parameters and catalytic efficiency values were reported for β-d-xylosidase (XynB3) from Geobacillus stearothermophilus T‒6 also belonging to group IV. The activity of BXA43 for xylooligosaccharides increased with the size and was 2.3 and 5.6 fold higher, respectively for xylobiose and xylotetraose compared to pNPX. BXA43 showed clearly metal inhibition for Zn2+ and Ag+, which is different to its close homologues. Multiple sequence alignment and homology modelling indicated that Arg505Tyr506 present in BXA43 are probably important for binding to xylotetraose at subsite +3 and occur only in GH43 from the Bifidobacterium genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Holm Viborg
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kim Ib Sørensen
- Department for Strains, Chr. Hansen A/S, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Ofir Gilad
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
- Department for Identification, Chr. Hansen A/S, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Daniel Bisgaard Steen-Jensen
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Adiphol Dilokpimol
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Susanne Jacobsen
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 224, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
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Oozeer R, van Limpt K, Ludwig T, Ben Amor K, Martin R, Wind RD, Boehm G, Knol J. Intestinal microbiology in early life: specific prebiotics can have similar functionalities as human-milk oligosaccharides. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:561S-71S. [PMID: 23824728 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.038893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk is generally accepted as the best nutrition for newborns and has been shown to support the optimal growth and development of infants. On the basis of scientific insights from human-milk research, a specific mixture of nondigestible oligosaccharides has been developed, with the aim to improve the intestinal microbiota in early life. The mixture has been extensively studied and has been shown to be safe and to have potential health benefits that are similar to those of human milk. The specific mixture of short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides has been found to affect the development of early microbiota and to increase the Bifidobacterium amounts as observed in human-milk-fed infants. The resulting gut ecophysiology is characterized by high concentrations of lactate, a slightly acidic pH, and specific short-chain fatty acid profiles, which are high in acetate and low in butyrate and propionate. Here, we have summarized the main findings of dietary interventions with these specific oligosaccharides on the gut microbiota in early life. The gut ecophysiology in early life may have consequences for the metabolic, immunologic, and even neurologic development of the child because reports increasingly substantiate the important function of gut microbes in human health. This review highlights major findings in the field of early gut colonization and the potential impact of early nutrition in healthy growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raish Oozeer
- Danone Research-Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.
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Lippolis R, Siciliano RA, Mazzeo MF, Abbrescia A, Gnoni A, Sardanelli AM, Papa S. Comparative secretome analysis of four isogenic Bacillus clausii probiotic strains. Proteome Sci 2013; 11:28. [PMID: 23816335 PMCID: PMC3716886 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-11-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The spore-bearing alkaliphilic Bacillus species constitute a large, heterogeneous group of microorganisms, important for their ability to produce enzymes, antibodies and metabolites of potential medical use. Some Bacillus species are currently being used for manufacturing probiotic products consisting of bacterial spores, exhibiting specific features (colonization, immune-stimulation and antimicrobial activity) that can account for their claimed probiotic properties. In the present work a comparative proteomic study was performed aimed at characterizing the secretome of four closely related isogenic O/C, SIN, N/R and T B. clausii strains, already marketed in a pharmaceutical mixture as probiotics. Results Proteomic analyses revealed a high degree of concordance among the four secretomes, although some proteins exhibited considerable variations in their expression level in the four strains. Among these, some proteins with documented activity in the interaction with host cells were identified, such as the glycolytic enzyme enolase, with a putative plasminogen-binding activity, GroEL, a molecular chaperone shown to be able to bind to mucin, and flagellin protein, a structural flagella protein and a putative immunomodulation agent. Conclusion This study shows, for the first time, differences in the secretome of the OC, SIN, NR and T B. clausii strains. These differences indicate that specific secretome features characterize each of the four strains despite their genotypic similarity. This could confer to the B. clausii strains specific probiotic functions associated with the differentially expressed proteins and indicate that they can cooperate as probiotics as the secretome components of each strain could contribute to the overall activity of a mixed probiotic preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Lippolis
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola 165/A, Bari, Italy.
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Vigsnaes LK, van den Abbeele P, Sulek K, Frandsen HL, Steenholdt C, Brynskov J, Vermeiren J, van de Wiele T, Licht TR. Microbiotas from UC patients display altered metabolism and reduced ability of LAB to colonize mucus. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1110. [PMID: 23346367 PMCID: PMC3552269 DOI: 10.1038/srep01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared fecal microbial communities derived either from Ulcerative Colitis (UC) patients in remission (n = 4) or in relapse (n = 4), or from healthy subjects (n = 4). These communities were used for inoculation of a dynamic in vitro gut model, which contained integrated mucin-covered microcosms. We found that the microbiota of the ‘mucus’ largely differed from that of the ‘lumen’. This was partly due to decreased mucus-associated populations of lactic acid producing bacterial populations (LAB), as LAB originating from UC patients had a significantly decreased capacity to colonize the mucin-covered microcosms as compared to those originating from healthy subjects. We found significant differences between the metabolomes of UC patients in relapse and remission, respectively, while the metabolome of patients in remission resembled that of healthy subjects. These novel findings constitute an important contribution to the understanding of the complex etiology of UC.
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Oxaran V, Ledue-Clier F, Dieye Y, Herry JM, Péchoux C, Meylheuc T, Briandet R, Juillard V, Piard JC. Pilus biogenesis in Lactococcus lactis: molecular characterization and role in aggregation and biofilm formation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50989. [PMID: 23236417 PMCID: PMC3516528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of Lactococcus lactis strain IL1403 harbors a putative pilus biogenesis cluster consisting of a sortase C gene flanked by 3 LPxTG protein encoding genes (yhgD, yhgE, and yhhB), called here pil. However, pili were not detected under standard growth conditions. Over-expression of the pil operon resulted in production and display of pili on the surface of lactococci. Functional analysis of the pilus biogenesis machinery indicated that the pilus shaft is formed by oligomers of the YhgE pilin, that the pilus cap is formed by the YhgD pilin and that YhhB is the basal pilin allowing the tethering of the pilus fibers to the cell wall. Oligomerization of pilin subunits was catalyzed by sortase C while anchoring of pili to the cell wall was mediated by sortase A. Piliated L. lactis cells exhibited an auto-aggregation phenotype in liquid cultures, which was attributed to the polymerization of major pilin, YhgE. The piliated lactococci formed thicker, more aerial biofilms compared to those produced by non-piliated bacteria. This phenotype was attributed to oligomers of YhgE. This study provides the first dissection of the pilus biogenesis machinery in a non-pathogenic Gram-positive bacterium. Analysis of natural lactococci isolates from clinical and vegetal environments showed pili production under standard growth conditions. The identification of functional pili in lactococci suggests that the changes they promote in aggregation and biofilm formation may be important for the natural lifestyle as well as for applications in which these bacteria are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Oxaran
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Agro ParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florence Ledue-Clier
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Agro ParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Yakhya Dieye
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Agro ParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Marie Herry
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Agro ParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Thierry Meylheuc
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Agro ParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Romain Briandet
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Agro ParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Vincent Juillard
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Agro ParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Piard
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Agro ParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Members of the genus Bifidobacterium are considered to be important constituents of the microbiota of animals, from insects to mammals. They are gut commensals extensively used by the food industry as probiotic microorganisms, since some strains have been shown to have specific beneficial effects. However, the molecular processes underlying their functional capacities to promote a healthy status in the host, as well as those involved in survival, colonization and persistence of bifidobacteria in the gut, are far from being completely understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanisms used by bifidobacteria to cope with gastrointestinal factors and to adapt to them, and discusses the advantages of the adaptive traits acquired by these microorganisms as a consequence of their interactions with the gastrointestinal tract environment, as well as the impact of such adaptations in the functional characteristics of bifidobacteria.
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van de Guchte M, Chaze T, Jan G, Mistou MY. Properties of probiotic bacteria explored by proteomic approaches. Curr Opin Microbiol 2012; 15:381-9. [PMID: 22658701 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of health-beneficial effects that probiotic bacteria can exert on humans and animals is at its beginning. Pending scientific questions include the identification of molecular markers of the health-promoting activity of specific strains, which may be used to select novel probiotic strains and to gain understanding of the mechanisms underlying their effects. In that perspective, the role of bacterial proteins must be evaluated, placing proteomics-based approaches at the core of the field. Until now, most proteomic analyses focused on the dynamics of abundant cytoplasmic proteins during adaptation of bacteria to conditions mimicking the gastro-intestinal tract environment. The development of in silico and experimental procedures allowing identification and quantification of surface-exposed and secreted proteins should boost our understanding of bacteria-host crosstalk.
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Siciliano RA, Mazzeo MF. Molecular mechanisms of probiotic action: a proteomic perspective. Curr Opin Microbiol 2012; 15:390-6. [PMID: 22538051 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are living microorganisms that confer beneficial effects to human health when supplied in adequate amounts, by promoting digestion and uptake of dietary nutrients, strengthening intestinal barrier function, modulating immune response and enhancing antagonism towards pathogens. The purpose of the present article is to focus on microbial proteomics, pointing out its usefulness in the investigation of molecular mechanisms underlying probiotic effects. It deals, in particular, with molecular strategies responsible for adaptation to the harsh physical-chemical environment of the gastro-intestinal tract, bacterial adhesion to host epithelial cells and intestinal mucosa and probiotic immunomodulatory properties, as analyzed by proteomics in the past few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Anna Siciliano
- Centro di Spettrometria di Massa Proteomica e Biomolecolare, Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, CNR, Avellino, Italy.
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Role of extracellular transaldolase from Bifidobacterium bifidum in mucin adhesion and aggregation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:3992-8. [PMID: 22447584 DOI: 10.1128/aem.08024-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of bifidobacteria to establish in the intestine of mammals is among the main factors considered to be important for achieving probiotic effects. The role of surface molecules from Bifidobacterium bifidum taxon in mucin adhesion capability and the aggregation phenotype of this bacterial species was analyzed. Adhesion to the human intestinal cell line HT29 was determined for a collection of 12 B. bifidum strains. In four of them-B. bifidum LMG13195, DSM20456, DSM20239, and A8-the involvement of surface-exposed macromolecules in the aggregation phenomenon was determined. The aggregation of B. bifidum A8 and DSM20456 was abolished after treatment with proteinase K, this effect being more pronounced for the strain A8. Furthermore, a mucin binding assay of B. bifidum A8 surface proteins showed a high adhesive capability for its transaldolase (Tal). The localization of this enzyme on the surface of B. bifidum A8 was unequivocally demonstrated by immunogold electron microscopy experiments. The gene encoding Tal from B. bifidum A8 was expressed in Lactococcus lactis, and the protein was purified to homogeneity. The pure protein was able to restore the autoaggregation phenotype of proteinase K-treated B. bifidum A8 cells. A recombinant L. lactis strain, engineered to secrete Tal, displayed a mucin- binding level more than three times higher than the strain not producing the transaldolase. These findings suggest that Tal, when exposed on the cell surface of B. bifidum, could act as an important colonization factor favoring its establishment in the gut.
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Tumor necrosis factor alpha modulates the dynamics of the plasminogen-mediated early interaction between Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis and human enterocytes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:2465-9. [PMID: 22287006 DOI: 10.1128/aem.07883-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity to intervene with the host plasminogen system has recently been considered an important component in the interaction process between Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis and the human host. However, its significance in the bifidobacterial microecology within the human gastrointestinal tract is still an open question. Here we demonstrate that human plasminogen favors the B. animalis subsp. lactis BI07 adhesion to HT29 cells. Prompting the HT29 cell capacity to activate plasminogen, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) modulated the plasminogen-mediated bacterium-enterocyte interaction, reducing the bacterial adhesion to the enterocytes and enhancing migration to the luminal compartment.
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Gilad O, Hjernø K, Østerlund EC, Margolles A, Svensson B, Stuer-Lauridsen B, Møller ALB, Jacobsen S. Insights into physiological traits of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 through membrane proteome analysis. J Proteomics 2011; 75:1190-200. [PMID: 22119884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 is a widely used probiotic strain associated with a variety of health-promoting traits. There is, however, only limited knowledge available regarding the membrane proteome and the proteins involved in oligosaccharide transport in BB-12. We applied two enrichment strategies to improve the identification of membrane proteins from BB-12 cultures grown on glucose and on xylo-oligosaccharides, the latter being an emerging prebiotic substrate recently reported to be fermented by BB-12. Our approach encompassed consecutive steps of detergent- and carbonate-treatment in order to generate inside-out membrane vesicles and to interfere with binding of membrane-associated proteins to the membrane, respectively. Proteins in the enriched membrane fraction and membrane-associated fraction were digested by lysyl endopeptidase and trypsin followed by peptide sequencing by LC-ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS. Ninety of a total of 248 identified unique proteins were predicted to possess transmembrane segments (TMSs), and 56 of these have more than one TMS. Seventy-nine of the identified proteins are annotated to be involved in transport of amino acids, oligosaccharides, inorganic ions, nucleotides, phosphate or exopolysaccharides, or to belong to the F1F0-ATP-synthetase complex and the protein translocation machinery, respectively.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The beneficial effects of probiotics have been demonstrated in many diseases. One of the major mechanisms of probiotic action is through the regulation of host immune response. This review highlights the recent scientific research findings that advance our understanding of probiotic regulation of the host immune response with potential application for disease prevention and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Probiotic genomic and proteomic studies have identified several genes and specific compounds derived from probiotics, which mediate immunoregulatory effects. Studies regarding the biological consequences of probiotics in host immunity suggested that they regulate the functions of systemic and mucosal immune cells and intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, probiotics showed therapeutic potential for diseases, including several immune response-related diseases, such as allergy, eczema, viral infection, and potentiating vaccination responses. SUMMARY Probiotics may provide novel approaches for both disease prevention and treatment. However, the results of clinical studies regarding probiotic application are preliminary and require further confirmation.
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Foroni E, Serafini F, Amidani D, Turroni F, He F, Bottacini F, O'Connell Motherway M, Viappiani A, Zhang Z, Rivetti C, van Sinderen D, Ventura M. Genetic analysis and morphological identification of pilus-like structures in members of the genus Bifidobacterium. Microb Cell Fact 2011; 10 Suppl 1:S16. [PMID: 21995649 PMCID: PMC3231923 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-s1-s16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell surface pili in Gram positive bacteria have been reported to orchestrate the colonization of host tissues, evasion of immunity and the development of biofilms. So far, little if any information is available on the presence of pilus-like structures in human gut commensals like bifidobacteria. Results and discussion In this report, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) of various bifidobacterial strains belonging to Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, Bifidobacterium dentium, Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis revealed the existence of appendages resembling pilus-like structures. Interestingly, these microorganisms harbour two to six predicted pilus gene clusters in their genome, with each organized in an operon encompassing the major pilin subunit-encoding gene (designated fimA or fimP) together with one or two minor pilin subunit-encoding genes (designated as fimB and/or fimQ), and a gene encoding a sortase enzyme (strA). Quantitative Real Time (qRT)-PCR analysis and RT-PCR experiments revealed a polycistronic mRNA, encompassing the fimA/P and fimB/Q genes, which are differentially expressed upon cultivation of bifidobacteria on various glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Foroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Genetics, Biology of Microorganisms, Anthropology and Evolution, University of Parma, Italy
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Relevance of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis plasminogen binding activity in the human gastrointestinal microenvironment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:7072-6. [PMID: 21821753 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00413-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human plasmin(ogen) is regarded as a component of the molecular cross talk between the probiotic species Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis and the human host. However, up to now, only in vitro studies have been reported. Here, we demonstrate that the probiotic strain B. animalis subsp. lactis BI07 is capable of recruiting plasmin(ogen) present at physiological concentrations in crude extracts from human feces. Our results provide evidence that supports the significance of the B. lactis-plasmin(ogen) interaction in the human gastrointestinal tract.
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