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Reinecke M, Heinzlmeir S, Wilhelm M, Médard G, Klaeger S, Kuster B. Kinobeads: A Chemical Proteomic Approach for Kinase Inhibitor Selectivity Profiling and Target Discovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527818242.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Reinecke M, Ruprecht B, Poser S, Wiechmann S, Wilhelm M, Heinzlmeir S, Kuster B, Médard G. Chemoproteomic Selectivity Profiling of PIKK and PI3K Kinase Inhibitors. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:655-664. [PMID: 30901187 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical proteomic approaches utilizing immobilized, broad-selective kinase inhibitors (Kinobeads) have proven valuable for the elucidation of a compound's target profile under close-to-physiological conditions and often revealed potentially synergistic or toxic off-targets. Current Kinobeads enrich more than 300 native protein kinases from cell line or tissue lysates but do not systematically cover phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases (PIKKs). Some PIKKs and PI3Ks show aberrant activation in many human diseases and are indeed validated drug targets. Here, we report the development of a novel version of Kinobeads that extends kinome coverage to these proteins. This is achieved by inclusion of two affinity probes derived from the clinical PI3K/MTOR inhibitors Omipalisib and BGT226. We demonstrate the utility of the new affinity matrix by the profiling of 13 clinical and preclinical PIKK/PI3K inhibitors. The large discrepancies between the PI3K affinity values obtained and reported results from recombinant assays led us to perform a phosphoproteomic experiment showing that the chemoproteomic assay is the better approximation of PI3K inhibitor action in cellulo. The results further show that NVP-BEZ235 is not a PI3K inhibitor. Surprisingly, the designated ATM inhibitor CP466722 was found to bind strongly to ALK2, identifying a new chemotype for drug discovery to treat fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Reinecke
- German Cancer Consortium
(DKTK), Munich, Germany
- German
Cancer
Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Ruprecht
- Center for Integrated
Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Freising, Germany
| | | | - Svenja Wiechmann
- German Cancer Consortium
(DKTK), Munich, Germany
- German
Cancer
Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Bernhard Kuster
- German Cancer Consortium
(DKTK), Munich, Germany
- German
Cancer
Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Integrated
Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Freising, Germany
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Wells CI, Kapadia NR, Couñago RM, Drewry DH. In depth analysis of kinase cross screening data to identify chemical starting points for inhibition of the Nek family of kinases. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:44-66. [PMID: 30108900 PMCID: PMC6071746 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00510e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Potent, selective, and cell active small molecule kinase inhibitors are useful tools to help unravel the complexities of kinase signaling. As the biological functions of individual kinases become better understood, they can become targets of drug discovery efforts. The small molecules used to shed light on function can also then serve as chemical starting points in these drug discovery efforts. The Nek family of kinases has received very little attention, as judged by number of citations in PubMed, yet they appear to play many key roles and have been implicated in disease. Here we present our work to identify high quality chemical starting points that have emerged due to the increased incidence of broad kinome screening. We anticipate that this analysis will allow the community to progress towards the generation of chemical probes and eventually drugs that target members of the Nek family.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I Wells
- Structural Genomics Consortium , Eshelman School of Pharmacy , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , 27599 USA .
| | - N R Kapadia
- Structural Genomics Consortium , Eshelman School of Pharmacy , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , 27599 USA .
| | - R M Couñago
- Structural Genomics Consortium , Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP , Campinas , SP , 13083 Brazil
| | - D H Drewry
- Structural Genomics Consortium , Eshelman School of Pharmacy , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , NC , 27599 USA .
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Xin Y, Kawashima J, Weng W, Kwan E, Tarnowski T, Silverman JA. Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Momelotinib in Subjects With Hepatic or Renal Impairment. J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 58:522-532. [PMID: 29283448 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Momelotinib is a Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment of myelofibrosis. Two phase 1 open-label, parallel-group, adaptive studies were conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of a single 200-mg oral dose of momelotinib in subjects with hepatic or renal impairment compared with healthy matched control subjects with normal hepatic or renal function. Plasma pharmacokinetics of momelotinib and its major active metabolite, M21, were evaluated, and geometric least-squares mean ratios (GMRs) and associated 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for impaired versus each control group were calculated for plasma exposures (area under concentration-time curve from time 0 to ∞ [AUC∞ ] and maximum concentration) of momelotinib and M21. There was no clinically significant difference in plasma exposures of momelotinib and M21 between subjects with moderate or severe renal impairment or moderate hepatic impairment and healthy control subjects. Compared with healthy control subjects, momelotinib AUC∞ was increased (GMR, 197%; 90%CI, 129%-301%), and M21 AUC∞ was decreased (GMR, 52%; 90%CI, 34%-79%) in subjects with severe hepatic impairment. The safety profile following a single dose of momelotinib was similar between subjects with hepatic or renal dysfunction and healthy control subjects. These pharmacokinetic and safety results indicate that dose adjustment is not necessary for momelotinib in patients with renal impairment or mild to moderate hepatic impairment. In patients with severe hepatic impairment, however, the dose of momelotinib should be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xin
- Clinical Pharmacology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Jun Kawashima
- Clinical Pharmacology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Winnie Weng
- Clinical Pharmacology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Ellen Kwan
- Clinical Pharmacology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Tarnowski
- Clinical Pharmacology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
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Iurlo A, Cattaneo D. Treatment of Myelofibrosis: Old and New Strategies. Clin Med Insights Blood Disord 2017; 10:1179545X17695233. [PMID: 28579852 PMCID: PMC5428134 DOI: 10.1177/1179545x17695233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF) is a BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasm that is mainly characterised by reactive bone marrow fibrosis, extramedullary haematopoiesis, anaemia, hepatosplenomegaly, constitutional symptoms, leukaemic progression, and shortened survival. As such, this malignancy is still orphan of curative treatments; indeed, the only treatment that has a clearly demonstrated impact on disease progression is allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, but only a minority of patients are eligible for such intensive therapy. However, more recently, the discovery of JAK2 mutations has also led to the development of small-molecule JAK1/2 inhibitors, the first of which, ruxolitinib, has been approved for the treatment of MF in the United States and Europe. In this article, we report on old and new therapeutic strategies that proved effective in early preclinical and clinical trials, and subsequently in the daily clinical practice, for patients with MF, particularly concerning the topics of anaemia, splenomegaly, iron overload, and allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Iurlo
- Oncohematology Division, IRCCS Ca’ Granda – Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Cattaneo
- Oncohematology Division, IRCCS Ca’ Granda – Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, Milan, Italy
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Gupta V, Mesa RA, Deininger MWN, Rivera CE, Sirhan S, Brachmann CB, Collins H, Kawashima J, Xin Y, Verstovsek S. A phase 1/2, open-label study evaluating twice-daily administration of momelotinib in myelofibrosis. Haematologica 2016; 102:94-102. [PMID: 27634203 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.148924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Momelotinib, a small-molecule inhibitor of Janus kinase 1 and Janus kinase 2, has demonstrated efficacy in myelofibrosis patients with 300 mg, once-daily dosing. This open-label, non-randomized, phase 1/2 study evaluated the safety and therapeutic benefit of momelotinib with twice-daily dosing. A total of 61 subjects with primary myelofibrosis or post-polycythemia vera/post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis with intermediate- or high-risk disease received momelotinib. A phase 1 dose escalation identified 200 mg twice daily as the optimal dose to be expanded in phase 2. The most frequent adverse events were diarrhea (45.9%), peripheral neuropathy (44.3%), thrombocytopenia (39.3%), and dizziness (36.1%), the latter primarily due to a first-dose effect. The response assessment according to the 2006 International Working Group criteria (≥8 weeks duration at any time point) demonstrated spleen response by palpation of 72% (36/50) and anemia response of 45% (18/40). Spleen response by magnetic resonance imaging obtained at 24 weeks was 45.8% (27/59) for all subjects and 54.0% (27/50) for those with palpable splenomegaly at baseline. The symptoms of myelofibrosis were improved in most subjects. Cytokine analysis showed a rapid decline in interleukin-6 with momelotinib treatment, and a slower reduction in other inflammatory cytokines. In the subgroup of subjects with the JAK2V617F mutation at baseline (n=41), momelotinib significantly reduced the allele burden by 21.1% (median) at 24 weeks. These results provide evidence of tolerability and a potential therapeutic activity of momelotinib for subjects that support further evaluation in ongoing, phase 3 randomized trials. (clinicaltrials. gov identifier:01423058).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Gupta
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ruben A Mesa
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Michael W N Deininger
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Candido E Rivera
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Shireen Sirhan
- Division of Hematology, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Yan Xin
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
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Weigt D, Hopf C, Médard G. Studying epigenetic complexes and their inhibitors with the proteomics toolbox. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:76. [PMID: 27437033 PMCID: PMC4950666 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Some epigenetic modifier proteins have become validated clinical targets. With a few small molecule inhibitors already approved by national health administrations and many more in the pharmaceutical industry pipelines, there is a need for technologies that can promote full comprehension of the molecular action of these drugs. Proteomics, with its relatively unbiased nature, can contribute to a thorough understanding of the complexity of the megadalton complexes, which write, read and erase the histone code, and it can help study the on-target and off-target effect of the drugs designed to modulate their action. This review on the one hand gathers the published affinity probes able to decipher small molecule targets and off-targets in a close-to-native environment. These are small molecule analogues of epigenetic drugs conceived as protein target enrichment tools after they have engaged them in cells or lysates. Such probes, which have been designed for deacetylases, bromodomains, demethylases, and methyltransferases not only enrich their direct protein targets but also their stable interactors, which can be identified by mass spectrometry. Hence, they constitute a tool to study the epigenetic complexes together with other techniques also reviewed here: immunoaffinity purification with antibodies against native protein complex constituents or epitope tags, affinity matrices designed to bind recombinantly tagged protein, and enrichment of the complexes using histone tail peptides as baits. We expect that this toolbox will be adopted by more and more researchers willing to harness the spectacular advances in mass spectrometry to the epigenetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Weigt
- />Center for Applied Research in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- />HBIGS International Graduate School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 501, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Hopf
- />Center for Applied Research in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
- />HBIGS International Graduate School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 501, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guillaume Médard
- />Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Emil Erlenmeyer Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Wang AY, González-Páez GE, Wolan DW. Identification and Co-complex Structure of a New S. pyogenes SpeB Small Molecule Inhibitor. Biochemistry 2015; 54:4365-73. [PMID: 26132413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The secreted Streptococcus pyogenes cysteine protease SpeB is implicated in host immune system evasion and bacterial virulence. We present a small molecule inhibitor of SpeB 2477 identified from a high-throughput screen based on the hydrolysis of a fluorogenic peptide substrate Ac-AIK-AMC. 2477 inhibits other SpeB-related proteases but not human caspase-3, suggesting that the molecule targets proteases with the papain-like structural fold. A 1.59 Å X-ray crystal structure of 2477 bound to the SpeB active site reveals the mechanism of inhibition and the essential constituents of 2477 necessary for binding. An assessment against a panel of 2477 derivatives confirms our structural findings and shows that a carbamate and nitrile on 2477 are required for SpeB inhibition, as these moieties provide an extensive network of electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions with SpeB active site residues. Surprisingly, despite 2477 having a reduced inhibitory potential against papain, the majority of 2477-related compounds inhibit papain to a much greater and broader extent than SpeB. These findings indicate that SpeB is more stringently selective than papain for this panel of small molecule inhibitors. On the basis of our structural and biochemical characterization, we propose modifications to 2477 for subsequent rounds of inhibitor design that will impart specificity to SpeB over other papain-like proteases, including alterations of the compound to exploit the differences in CA protease active site pocket sizes and electrostatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Y Wang
- Departments of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Gonzalo E González-Páez
- Departments of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dennis W Wolan
- Departments of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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