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Ribeiro DG, Bezerra ACM, Santos IR, Grynberg P, Fontes W, de Souza Castro M, de Sousa MV, Lisei-de-Sá ME, Grossi-de-Sá MF, Franco OL, Mehta A. Proteomic Insights of Cowpea Response to Combined Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091900. [PMID: 37176957 PMCID: PMC10180824 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The co-occurrence of biotic and abiotic stresses in agricultural areas severely affects crop performance and productivity. Drought is one of the most adverse environmental stresses, and its association with root-knot nematodes further limits the development of several economically important crops, such as cowpea. Plant responses to combined stresses are complex and require novel adaptive mechanisms through the induction of specific biotic and abiotic signaling pathways. Therefore, the present work aimed to identify proteins involved in the resistance of cowpea to nematode and drought stresses individually and combined. We used the genotype CE 31, which is resistant to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. And tolerant to drought. Three biological replicates of roots and shoots were submitted to protein extraction, and the peptides were evaluated by LC-MS/MS. Shotgun proteomics revealed 2345 proteins, of which 1040 were differentially abundant. Proteins involved in essential biological processes, such as transcriptional regulation, cell signaling, oxidative processes, and photosynthesis, were identified. However, the main defense strategies in cowpea against cross-stress are focused on the regulation of hormonal signaling, the intense production of pathogenesis-related proteins, and the downregulation of photosynthetic activity. These are key processes that can culminate in the adaptation of cowpea challenged by multiple stresses. Furthermore, the candidate proteins identified in this study will strongly contribute to cowpea genetic improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Gonzaga Ribeiro
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasília CEP 71966-700, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Ivonaldo Reis Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Molecular), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro-UnB, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília CEP 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Priscila Grynberg
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final, Brasília CEP 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília CEP 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Souza Castro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília CEP 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Valle de Sousa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília CEP 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria Eugênia Lisei-de-Sá
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final, Brasília CEP 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sá
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasília CEP 71966-700, DF, Brazil
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final, Brasília CEP 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, Embrapa, Brasilia CEP 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília (UCB), Brasília CEP 71966-700, DF, Brazil
- S-Inova Biotech, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande CEP 79117-900, MS, Brazil
| | - Angela Mehta
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PBI, Av. W/5 Norte Final, Brasília CEP 70770-917, DF, Brazil
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Arraes FBM, Vasquez DDN, Tahir M, Pinheiro DH, Faheem M, Freitas-Alves NS, Moreira-Pinto CE, Moreira VJV, Paes-de-Melo B, Lisei-de-Sa ME, Morgante CV, Mota APZ, Lourenço-Tessutti IT, Togawa RC, Grynberg P, Fragoso RR, de Almeida-Engler J, Larsen MR, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Integrated Omic Approaches Reveal Molecular Mechanisms of Tolerance during Soybean and Meloidogyne incognita Interactions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11202744. [PMID: 36297768 PMCID: PMC9612212 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, is a devastating soybean pathogen worldwide. The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective method to prevent economic losses caused by RKNs. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in resistance to RKN, we determined the proteome and transcriptome profiles from roots of susceptible (BRS133) and highly tolerant (PI 595099) Glycine max genotypes 4, 12, and 30 days after RKN infestation. After in silico analysis, we described major defense molecules and mechanisms considered constitutive responses to nematode infestation, such as mTOR, PI3K-Akt, relaxin, and thermogenesis. The integrated data allowed us to identify protein families and metabolic pathways exclusively regulated in tolerant soybean genotypes. Among them, we highlighted the phenylpropanoid pathway as an early, robust, and systemic defense process capable of controlling M. incognita reproduction. Associated with this metabolic pathway, 29 differentially expressed genes encoding 11 different enzymes were identified, mainly from the flavonoid and derivative pathways. Based on differential expression in transcriptomic and proteomic data, as well as in the expression profile by RT-qPCR, and previous studies, we selected and overexpressed the GmPR10 gene in transgenic tobacco to assess its protective effect against M. incognita. Transgenic plants of the T2 generation showed up to 58% reduction in the M. incognita reproduction factor. Finally, data suggest that GmPR10 overexpression can be effective against the plant parasitic nematode M. incognita, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. These findings will help develop new engineered soybean genotypes with higher performance in response to RKN infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio B M Arraes
- Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology (PPGBCM), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Daniel D N Vasquez
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology (PPGCGB), Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia 71966-700, DF, Brazil
| | - Muhammed Tahir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Daniele H Pinheiro
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Muhammed Faheem
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, The Mall, Rawalpindi 46000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Nayara S Freitas-Alves
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology (PPGEBB), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 80060-000, PR, Brazil
| | - Clídia E Moreira-Pinto
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Valdeir J V Moreira
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Molecular Biology (PPGBiomol), University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Bruno Paes-de-Melo
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria E Lisei-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Minas Gerais Agricultural Research Company (EPAMIG), Uberaba 31170-495, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina V Morgante
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Embrapa Semiarid, Petrolina 56302-970, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana P Z Mota
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Isabela T Lourenço-Tessutti
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Roberto C Togawa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Priscila Grynberg
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Fragoso
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasilia 70770-901, DF, Brazil
| | - Janice de Almeida-Engler
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- INRAE, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria F Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Plant-Pest Molecular Interaction Laboratory (LIMPP) and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT PlantStress Biotech), Brasilia 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology (PPGCGB), Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia 71966-700, DF, Brazil
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NBS-LRR-WRKY genes and protease inhibitors (PIs) seem essential for cowpea resistance to root-knot nematode. J Proteomics 2022; 261:104575. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Martins AC, Mehta A, Murad AM, Mota AP, Saraiva MA, Araújo AC, Miller RN, Brasileiro AC, Guimarães PM. Proteomics unravels new candidate genes for Meloidogyne resistance in wild Arachis. J Proteomics 2020; 217:103690. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Transcriptional profiling of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during a compatible interaction with the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2184. [PMID: 30778126 PMCID: PMC6379437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereal cyst nematode (CCN, Heterodera avenae) presents severe challenges to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production worldwide. An investigation of the interaction between wheat and CCN can greatly improve our understanding of how nematodes alter wheat root metabolic pathways for their development and could contribute to new control strategies against CCN. In this study, we conducted transcriptome analyses of wheat cv. Wen 19 (Wen19) by using RNA-Seq during the compatible interaction with CCN at 1, 3 and 8 days past inoculation (dpi). In total, 71,569 transcripts were identified, and 10,929 of them were examined as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to CCN infection. Based on the functional annotation and orthologous findings, the protein phosphorylation, oxidation-reduction process, regulation of transcription, metabolic process, transport, and response process as well as many other pathways previously reported were enriched at the transcriptional level. Plant cell wall hydrolysis and modifying proteins, auxin biosynthesis, signalling and transporter genes were up-regulated by CCN infection to facilitate penetration, migration and syncytium establishment. Genes responding to wounding and jasmonic acid stimuli were enriched at 1 dpi. We found 16 NBS-LRR genes, 12 of which were down-regulated, indicating the repression of resistance. The expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, glutathione S-transferases and UDP-glucosyltransferase was significantly up-regulated during CCN infection, indicating that they may play key roles in the compatible interaction of wheat with CCN. Taken together, the results obtained from the transcriptome analyses indicate that the genes involved in oxidation-reduction processes, induction and suppression of resistance, metabolism, transport and syncytium establishment may be involved in the compatible interaction of Wen 19 with CCN. This study provides new insights into the responses of wheat to CCN infection. These insights could facilitate the elucidation of the potential mechanisms of wheat responses to CCN.
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Functions of Flavonoids in Plant⁻Nematode Interactions. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7040085. [PMID: 30326617 PMCID: PMC6313853 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Most land plants can become infected by plant parasitic nematodes in the field. Plant parasitic nematodes can be free-living or endoparasitic, and they usually infect plant roots. Most damaging are endoparasites, which form feeding sites inside plant roots that damage the root system and redirect nutrients towards the parasite. This process involves developmental changes to the root in parallel with the induction of defense responses. Plant flavonoids are secondary metabolites that have roles in both root development and plant defense responses against a range of microorganisms. Here, we review our current knowledge of the roles of flavonoids in the interactions between plants and plant parasitic nematodes. Flavonoids are induced during nematode infection in plant roots, and more highly so in resistant compared with susceptible plant cultivars, but many of their functions remain unclear. Flavonoids have been shown to alter feeding site development to some extent, but so far have not been found to be essential for root–parasite interactions. However, they likely contribute to chemotactic attraction or repulsion of nematodes towards or away from roots and might help in the general plant defense against nematodes. Certain flavonoids have also been associated with functions in nematode reproduction, although the mechanism remains unknown. Much remains to be examined in this area, especially under field conditions.
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7
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Barbosa EA, Bonfim MF, Bloch C, Engler G, Rocha T, de Almeida Engler J. Imaging Mass Spectrometry of Endogenous Polypeptides and Secondary Metabolites from Galls Induced by Root-Knot Nematodes in Tomato Roots. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:1048-1059. [PMID: 29663868 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-02-18-0049-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nematodes are devastating pests that infect most cultivated plant species and cause considerable agricultural losses worldwide. The understanding of metabolic adjustments induced during plant-nematode interaction is crucial to generate resistant plants or to select more efficient molecules to fight against this pest. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) has been used herein for in situ detection and mapping endogenous polypeptides and secondary metabolites from nematode-induced gall tissue. One of the major critical features of this technique is sample preparation; mainly, the generation of intact sections of plant cells with their rigid cell walls and vacuolated cytoplasm. Our experimental settings allowed us to obtain sections without contamination of exogenous ions or diffusion of molecules and to map the differential presence of low and high molecular weight ions in uninfected roots compared with nematode-induced galls. We predict the presence of lipids in both uninfected roots and galls, which was validated by MALDI time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis of lipid extracts. Based on the isotopic ion distribution profile, both esters and glycerophospholipids were predicted compounds and may be playing an important role in gall development. Our results indicate that the MALDI-MSI technology is a promising tool to identify secondary metabolites as well as peptides and proteins in complex plant tissues like galls to decipher molecular processes responsible for infection and maintenance of these feeding sites during nematode parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Alves Barbosa
- 1 Laboratório de espectrometria de massa, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB, 70770-900, Brasília-DF, Brazil
- 2 Laboratório de Síntese e Análise de Biomoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Mauro Ferreira Bonfim
- 2 Laboratório de Síntese e Análise de Biomoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília-DF, Brazil
- 3 Laboratório de Interação Molecular Planta-Praga, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB; and
| | - Carlos Bloch
- 1 Laboratório de espectrometria de massa, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB, 70770-900, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Gilbert Engler
- 4 INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ISA, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Thales Rocha
- 3 Laboratório de Interação Molecular Planta-Praga, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEB; and
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Di Venere M, Viglio S, Sassera D, Fumagalli M, Bardoni A, Salvini R, Cagnone M, Iadarola P. Do the complementarities of electrokinetic and chromatographic procedures represent the "Swiss knife" in proteomic investigation? An overview of the literature in the past decade. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1538-1550. [PMID: 28130906 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This report reviews the literature of the past decade dealing with the combination of electrokinetic and chromatographic strategies in the proteomic field. Aim of this article is to highlight how the application of complementary techniques may contribute to substantially improve protein identification. Several studies here considered demonstrate that exploring the combination of these approaches can be a strategy to enrich the extent of proteomic information achieved from a sample. The coupling of "top-down" and "bottom-up" proteomics may result in the generation of a hybrid analytical tool, very efficient not only for large-scale profiling of complex proteomes but also for studying specific subproteomes. The range of applications described, while evidencing a continuous boost in the imagination of researchers for developing new combinations of methods for protein separation, also underlines the adaptability of these techniques to a wide variety of samples. This report points out the general usefulness of combining different procedures for proteomic analysis, an approach that allows researchers to go deeper in the proteome of samples under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Di Venere
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Viglio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Sassera
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "L. Spallanzani,", Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "L. Spallanzani,", Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Bardoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Salvini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Maddalena Cagnone
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Iadarola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "L. Spallanzani,", Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Italy
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Kenney E, Eleftherianos I. Entomopathogenic and plant pathogenic nematodes as opposing forces in agriculture. Int J Parasitol 2016; 46:13-9. [PMID: 26527129 PMCID: PMC4707073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes are responsible for substantial damages within the agriculture industry every year, which is a challenge that has thus far gone largely unimpeded. Chemical nematicides have been employed with varying degrees of success, but their implementation can be cumbersome, and furthermore they could potentially be neutralising an otherwise positive effect from the entomopathogenic nematodes that coexist with plant-parasitic nematodes in soil environments and provide protection for plants against insect pests. Recent research has explored the potential of employing entomopathogenic nematodes to protect plants from plant-parasitic nematodes, while providing their standard degree of protection against insects. The interactions involved are highly complex, due to both the three-organism system and the assortment of variables present in a soil environment, but a strong collection of evidence has accumulated regarding the suppressive capacity of certain entomopathogenic nematodes and their mutualistic bacteria, in the context of limiting the infectivity of plant-parasitic nematodes. Specific factors produced by certain entomopathogenic nematode complexes during the process of insect infection appear to have a selectively nematicidal, or at least repellant, effect on plant-parasitic nematodes. Using this information, an opportunity has formed to adapt this relationship to large-scale, field conditions and potentially relieve the agricultural industry of one of its most substantial burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Kenney
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington DC 20052, United States
| | - Ioannis Eleftherianos
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington DC 20052, United States.
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