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Miranda-Quintana RA, Vela A, De Proft F, Martínez González M, Gázquez JL. Can we predict ambident regioselectivity using the chemical hardness? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:13611-13622. [PMID: 37144347 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00876b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The hard/soft acid/base (HSAB) principle is a cornerstone in our understanding of chemical reactivity preferences. Motivated by the success of the original ("global") version of this rule, a "local" counterpart was readily proposed to account for regioselectivity preferences, in particular, in ambident reactions. However, ample experimental evidence indicates that the local HSAB principle often fails to provide meaningful predictions. Here we examine the assumptions behind the standard proof of the local HSAB rule, showing that it is based on a flawed premise. By solving this issue, we show that it is critical to consider not only the charge transferred between the different reacting centers but also the charge reorganization within the non-reacting parts of the molecule. We propose different reorganization models and derive the corresponding regioselectivity rules for each.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Vela
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigacion y Estudios Avanzados, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 2508, Ciudad de, México 07360, Mexico
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC) Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marco Martínez González
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - José L Gázquez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ave. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
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2
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Rong C, Heidar-Zadeh F, Miranda-Quintana RA, Liu S, Ayers PW. Ranking the energy minima of the 20 natural amino acids using conceptual tools. Theor Chem Acc 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-022-02929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Patra SG, Mondal H, Chattaraj PK. Variation in Electrophilicity on Electronic Excitation. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Himangshu Mondal
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India
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4
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Miranda-Quintana RA, Deswal N, Roy RK. Hammett constants from density functional calculations: charge transfer and perturbations. Theor Chem Acc 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-021-02863-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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5
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Kaya S, Chattaraj P, Serdaroğlu G. Two empirical formulae for estimating standard entropy of inorganic ionic solids and a possible connection between two associated electronic structure principles. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Miranda‐Quintana RA, Ayers PW, Heidar‐Zadeh F. Reactivity and Charge Transfer Beyond the Parabolic Model: the “|Δμ| Big is Good” Principle. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul W. Ayers
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Farnaz Heidar‐Zadeh
- Department of Chemistry Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario Canada
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7
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von Szentpály L, Kaya S, Karakuş N. Why and When Is Electrophilicity Minimized? New Theorems and Guiding Rules. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10897-10908. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- László von Szentpály
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Savaş Kaya
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Services Vocational School, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Nihat Karakuş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
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8
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The “|Δμ| big is good” rule, the maximum hardness, and minimum electrophilicity principles. Theor Chem Acc 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-019-2435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Abstract
This review represents the most complete description of the scientific results obtained on a photochemical reaction described 110 years ago by an Italian scientist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio D'Auria
- Dipartimento di Scienze
- Università della Basilicata
- 85100 Potenza
- Italy
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10
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11
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Singh RK, Iwasa T, Taketsugu T. Insights into geometries, stabilities, electronic structures, reactivity descriptors, and magnetic properties of bimetallic Ni m Cu n-m (m = 1, 2; n = 3-13) clusters: Comparison with pure copper clusters. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:1878-1889. [PMID: 29799132 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A long-range corrected density functional theory (LC-DFT) was applied to study the geometric structures, relative stabilities, electronic structures, reactivity descriptors and magnetic properties of the bimetallic NiCun-1 and Ni2 Cun-2 (n = 3-13) clusters, obtained by doping one or two Ni atoms to the lowest energy structures of Cun , followed by geometry optimizations. The optimized geometries revealed that the lowest energy structures of the NiCun-1 and Ni2 Cun-2 clusters favor the Ni atom(s) situated at the most highly coordinated position of the host copper clusters. The averaged binding energy, the fragmentation energies and the second-order energy differences signified that the Ni doped clusters can continue to gain an energy during the growth process. The electronic structures revealed that the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies of the LC-DFT are reliable and can be used to predict the vertical ionization potential and the vertical electron affinity of the systems. The reactivity descriptors such as the chemical potential, chemical hardness and electrophilic power, and the reactivity principle such as the minimum polarizability principle are operative for characterizing and rationalizing the electronic structures of these clusters. Moreover, doping of Ni atoms into the copper clusters carry most of the total spin magnetic moment. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman K Singh
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8245, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Jagdam College, Chapra Jai Prakash University, Chapra, Bihar, 841301, India
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8245, Japan.,Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taketsugu
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8245, Japan.,Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
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12
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Miranda-Quintana RA, Ayers PW. Note: Maximum hardness and minimum electrophilicity principles. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:196101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5033964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul W. Ayers
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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13
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Miranda-Quintana RA, Chattaraj PK, Ayers PW. Finite temperature grand canonical ensemble study of the minimum electrophilicity principle. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:124103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4996443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pratim K. Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Paul W. Ayers
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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14
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Chakraborty D, Chattaraj PK. Interaction of BN- and BP-doped graphene nanoflakes with some representative neutral molecules and anions. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1059511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Bhattacharyya PK. Reactivity, aromaticity and absorption spectra of pillar[5]arene conformers: A DFT study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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D'Auria M, Racioppi R. Oxetane synthesis through the Paternò-Büchi reaction. Molecules 2013; 18:11384-428. [PMID: 24043139 PMCID: PMC6269742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180911384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Paternò-Büchi reaction is a photochemical reaction between a carbonyl compound and an alkene to give the corresponding oxetane. In this review the mechanism of the reaction is discussed. On this basis the described use in the reaction with electron rich alkenes (enolethers, enol esters, enol silyl ethers, enanines, heterocyclic compounds has been reported. The stereochemical behavior of the reaction is particularly stressed. We pointed out the reported applications of this reaction to the synthesis of naturally occuring compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio D'Auria
- Dipatimento di Scienze, Università della Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 19, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
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17
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He D, Ma M. Quantum chemical study of extraction characteristics of kinetic synergist OT in liquid membrane using HPMBP as carrier. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Pan S, Solà M, Chattaraj PK. On the Validity of the Maximum Hardness Principle and the Minimum Electrophilicity Principle during Chemical Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:1843-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jp312750n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical
Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional and Department de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona,
Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pratim K. Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical
Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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19
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Morell C, Herrera B, Gutiérrez-Oliva S, Cerón ML, Grand A, Toro-Labbé A. A Relation between Different Scales of Electrophilicity: Are the Scales Consistent Along a Chemical Reaction? J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:7074-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jp209955c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Morell
- CEA Grenoble -INAC/SCIB/LAN
(UMR-E n°3 CEA-UJF)), CEA-Grenoble, 17, rue des Martyrs, F-38054
Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Bárbara Herrera
- Laboratorio de Química
Teórica Computacional (QTC), Facultad de Química, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla
306, Correo 22, Santiago, Chile
| | - Soledad Gutiérrez-Oliva
- Laboratorio de Química
Teórica Computacional (QTC), Facultad de Química, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla
306, Correo 22, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria-Luisa Cerón
- Laboratorio de Química
Teórica Computacional (QTC), Facultad de Química, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla
306, Correo 22, Santiago, Chile
| | - André Grand
- CEA Grenoble -INAC/SCIB/LAN
(UMR-E n°3 CEA-UJF)), CEA-Grenoble, 17, rue des Martyrs, F-38054
Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Alejandro Toro-Labbé
- Laboratorio de Química
Teórica Computacional (QTC), Facultad de Química, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla
306, Correo 22, Santiago, Chile
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
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21
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22
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Duley S, Giri S, Chakraborty A, Chattaraj PK. Bonding, aromaticity and reactivity patterns in some all-metal and non-metal clusters. J CHEM SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-009-0100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Torrent-Sucarrat M, Liu S, De Proft F. Steric Effect: Partitioning in Atomic and Functional Group Contributions. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3698-702. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8096583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Torrent-Sucarrat
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, and Research Computing Center, University of North Carolina, 211 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3420
| | - Shubin Liu
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, and Research Computing Center, University of North Carolina, 211 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3420
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium, and Research Computing Center, University of North Carolina, 211 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3420
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24
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Morell C, Labet V, Grand A, Chermette H. Minimum electrophilicity principle: an analysis based upon the variation of both chemical potential and absolute hardness. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:3417-23. [DOI: 10.1039/b818534d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Chattaraj PK, Giri S. Electrophilicity index within a conceptual DFT framework. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b802832j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Xia Y, Yin D, Rong C, Xu Q, Yin D, Liu S. Impact of Lewis Acids on Diels−Alder Reaction Reactivity: A Conceptual Density Functional Theory Study. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:9970-7. [PMID: 18785697 DOI: 10.1021/jp805410c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China, Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3455, and Division of Research Computing, Information Technology Services, University of North Carolina, 211 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3420
| | - Dulin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China, Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3455, and Division of Research Computing, Information Technology Services, University of North Carolina, 211 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3420
| | - Chunying Rong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China, Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3455, and Division of Research Computing, Information Technology Services, University of North Carolina, 211 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3420
| | - Qiong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China, Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3455, and Division of Research Computing, Information Technology Services, University of North Carolina, 211 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3420
| | - Donghong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China, Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3455, and Division of Research Computing, Information Technology Services, University of North Carolina, 211 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3420
| | - Shubin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China, Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3455, and Division of Research Computing, Information Technology Services, University of North Carolina, 211 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3420
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28
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Liu S, Govind N. Toward understanding the nature of internal rotation barriers with a new energy partition scheme: ethane and n-butane. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:6690-9. [PMID: 18563887 DOI: 10.1021/jp800376a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of an alternative energy partition scheme where density-based quantification of the steric effect was proposed [Liu, S. B. J. Chem. Phys. 2007, 126, 244103], the origin of the internal rotation barrier between the eclipsed and staggered conformers of ethane and n-butane is systematically investigated in this work. Within the new scheme, the total electronic energy is decomposed into three independent components, steric, electrostatic, and fermionic quantum. The steric energy defined in this way is repulsive, exclusive, and extensive and intrinsically linked to Bader's atoms in molecules approach. Two kinds of differences, adiabatic (with optimal structure) and vertical (with fixed geometry), are considered for the molecules in this work. We find that in the adiabatic case the eclipsed conformer possesses a larger steric repulsion than the staggered conformer for both molecules, but in the vertical cases the staggered conformer retains a larger steric repulsion. For ethane, a linear relationship between the total energy difference and the fermionic quantum energy difference is discovered. This linear relationship, however, does not hold for n-butane, whose behaviors in energy component differences are found to be more complicated. The impact of basis set and density functional choices on energy components from the new energy partition scheme has been investigated, as has its comparison with another definition of the steric effect in the literature in terms of the natural bond orbital analysis through the Pauli Exclusion Principle. In addition, profiles of conceptual density functional theory reactivity indices as a function of dihedral angle changes have been examined. Put together, these results suggest that the new energy partition scheme provides insights from a different perspective of internal rotation barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubin Liu
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3455, USA
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29
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Chaquin P. Absolute electronegativity and hardness: An analogy with classical electrostatics suggests an interpretation of the Parr ‘electrophilicity index’ as a ‘global energy index’ leading to the ‘minimum electrophilicity principle’. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Noorizadeh S, Shakerzadeh E. A New Scale of Electronegativity Based on Electrophilicity Index. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:3486-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jp709877h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Noorizadeh
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Shakerzadeh
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
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