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Todd M, Hrdina R. Synthesis of 1,2-Disubstituted Adamantane Derivatives by Construction of the Adamantane Framework. Molecules 2023; 28:7636. [PMID: 38005358 PMCID: PMC10675813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes achievements in the synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted adamantane derivatives by the construction of the tricyclic framework either by total synthesis or by ring expansion/contraction reactions of corresponding adamantane homologues. It is intended to complement reviews focusing on the preparation of 1,2-disubstituted derivatives by C-H functionalization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radim Hrdina
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12043 Praha, Czech Republic;
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2
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Wood SH, Etridge S, Kennedy AR, Percy JM, Nelson DJ. The Electrophilic Fluorination of Enol Esters Using SelectFluor: A Polar Two-Electron Process. Chemistry 2019; 25:5574-5585. [PMID: 30724406 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of enol esters with SelectFluor is facile and leads to the corresponding α-fluoroketones under mild conditions and, as a result, this route is commonly employed for the synthesis of medicinally important compounds such as fluorinated steroids. However, despite the use of this methodology in synthesis, the mechanism of this reaction and the influence of structure on reactivity are unclear. A rigorous mechanistic study of the fluorination of these substrates is presented, informed primarily by detailed and robust kinetic experiments. The results of this study implicate a polar two-electron process via an oxygen-stabilised carbenium species, rather than a single-electron process involving radical intermediates. The structure-reactivity relationships revealed here will assist synthetic chemists in deploying this type of methodology in the syntheses of α-fluoroketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna H Wood
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Stephen Etridge
- GMS Manufacturing and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline, Cobden Street, Montrose, DD10 8EA, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Jonathan M Percy
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - David J Nelson
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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3
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Ivleva EA, Pogulyaiko AV, Klimochkin YN. Synthesis of (3-Hydroxyadamantan-1-yl)methanols. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s107042801809004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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4
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Yuan G, Wang F, Stephenson NA, Wang L, Rotstein BH, Vasdev N, Tang P, Liang SH. Metal-free 18F-labeling of aryl-CF 2H via nucleophilic radiofluorination and oxidative C-H activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 53:126-129. [PMID: 27917423 PMCID: PMC5179041 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07913j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free and selective method to form [18F]aryl-CF2H through nucleophilic radiofluorination of benzyl (pseudo)halides and oxidative C-H activation of benzylic C-H bonds has been developed. The method is operationally simple and tolerates a variety of electron-neutral/deficient arenes and heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyang Yuan
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA. and Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Nickeisha A Stephenson
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Lu Wang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Benjamin H Rotstein
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Pingping Tang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Steven H Liang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging & Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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5
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Lv WX, Zeng YF, Li Q, Chen Y, Tan DH, Yang L, Wang H. Oxidative Difunctionalization of Alkenyl MIDA Boronates: A Versatile Platform for Halogenated and Trifluoromethylated α-Boryl Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10069-73. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xin Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yao-Fu Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Qingjiang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510006 China
- Stake Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Peking University; China
| | - Yunyun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Dong-Hang Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Honggen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510006 China
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6
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Lv WX, Zeng YF, Li Q, Chen Y, Tan DH, Yang L, Wang H. Oxidative Difunctionalization of Alkenyl MIDA Boronates: A Versatile Platform for Halogenated and Trifluoromethylated α-Boryl Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xin Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yao-Fu Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Qingjiang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510006 China
- Stake Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Peking University; China
| | - Yunyun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Dong-Hang Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Honggen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510006 China
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7
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Serguchev YA, Ponomarenko MV, Ignat’ev NV. Aza-fluorocyclization of nitrogen-containing unsaturated compounds. J Fluor Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Geng C, Du L, Liu F, Zhu R, Liu C. Theoretical study on the mechanism of selective fluorination of aromatic compounds with Selectfluor. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15202f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective fluorination of aromatic compounds with Selectfluor has been studied theoretically. Our calculations indicate that the fluorine bond contributes to the stabilization of the π complexes, and the SET mechanism is preferred over the SN2 mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihuan Geng
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Likai Du
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bio-energy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- P. R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Rongxiu Zhu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Chengbu Liu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- P. R. China
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Ponomarenko MV, Serguchev YA, Hirschberg ME, Röschenthaler GV, Fokin AA. Elemental F 2with Transannular Dienes: Regioselectivities and Mechanisms. Chemistry 2014; 20:10383-91. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Xu P, Guo S, Wang L, Tang P. Silver-Catalyzed Oxidative Activation of Benzylic CH Bonds for the Synthesis of Difluoromethylated Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Xu P, Guo S, Wang L, Tang P. Silver-Catalyzed Oxidative Activation of Benzylic CH Bonds for the Synthesis of Difluoromethylated Arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:5955-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Brandt JR, Lee E, Boursalian GB, Ritter T. Mechanism of Electrophilic Fluorination with Pd(IV): Fluoride Capture and Subsequent Oxidative Fluoride Transfer .. Chem Sci 2014; 5:10.1039/C3SC52367E. [PMID: 24376910 PMCID: PMC3870902 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52367e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrophilic fluorinating reagents derived from fluoride are desirable for the synthesis of 18F-labeled molecules for positron emission tomography (PET). Here, we study the mechanism by which a Pd(IV)-complex captures fluoride and subsequently transfers it to nucleophiles. The intermediate Pd(IV)-F is formed with high rates even at the nano- to micromolar fluoride concentrations typical for radiosyntheses with 18F due to fast formation of an outer-sphere complex between fluoride and Pd(IV). The subsequent fluorine transfer from the Pd(IV)-F complex is proposed to proceed through an unusual SET/fluoride transfer/SET mechanism. The findings detailed in this manuscript provide a theoretical foundation suitable for addressing a more general approach for electrophilic fluorination with high specific activity 18F PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen R. Brandt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Gregory B. Boursalian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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13
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Zhang X. Single electron transfer between selectfluor and chloride: A mass spectrometric and theoretical study. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Mazzotti AR, Campbell MG, Tang P, Murphy JM, Ritter T. Palladium(III)-catalyzed fluorination of arylboronic acid derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14012-5. [PMID: 24040932 PMCID: PMC3820116 DOI: 10.1021/ja405919z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A practical, palladium-catalyzed synthesis of aryl fluorides from arylboronic acid derivatives is presented. The reaction is operationally simple and amenable to multigram-scale synthesis. Evaluation of the reaction mechanism suggests a single-electron-transfer pathway, involving a Pd(III) intermediate that has been isolated and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R. Mazzotti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Michael G. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Pingping Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Murphy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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Bloom S, Pitts CR, Miller DC, Haselton N, Holl MG, Urheim E, Lectka T. A polycomponent metal-catalyzed aliphatic, allylic, and benzylic fluorination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10580-3. [PMID: 22976771 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A group effort: Reported is the title reaction using a polycomponent catalytic system involving commercially available Selectfluor, a putative radical precursor N-hydroxyphthalimide, an anionic phase-transfer catalyst (KB(C(6)F(5))(4)), and a copper(I) bis(imine). The catalyst system formed leads to monofluorinated compounds selectively (see example) without the necessity for an excess of the alkane substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Bloom
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Bloom S, Pitts CR, Miller DC, Haselton N, Holl MG, Urheim E, Lectka T. A Polycomponent Metal-Catalyzed Aliphatic, Allylic, and Benzylic Fluorination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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