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Chapyshev SV, Korchagin DV, Costa P, Sander W. The powder X-band electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of septet pyridyl-2,4,6-trinitrene. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2022; 60:829-835. [PMID: 35319115 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The first X-band EPR spectrum containing only non-overlapping signals of septet pyridyl-2,4,6-trinitrene and triplet pyridylnitrenes is reported. This spectrum was recorded after photolysis of 2,4,6-triazidopyridine in solid argon at 5 K. The zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters of this trinitrene as well as of intermediate triplet mononitrenes and quintet dinitrenes formed at early stages of the photolysis were determined using the combination of modern computer line-shape spectral simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It was found that septet pyridyl-2,4,6-trinitrene has the record negative parameter DS = -0.1031 cm-1 among all known to date septet pyridyl-2,4,6-trinitrenes and may be of interest as a model multi-qubit spin system for investigations of quantum computation processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Chapyshev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
| | - Denis V Korchagin
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
| | - Paulo Costa
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
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Chapyshev SV, Mendez-Vega E, Sander W. Molecular Magnets: The Synthesis and Characterization of High-Spin Nitrenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:1258-1269. [PMID: 32578914 PMCID: PMC7894309 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Among all C‐, N‐, and O‐centered polyradicals, high‐spin nitrenes possess the largest magnetic anisotropy and are of considerable interest as multi‐level molecular spin systems for exploration of organic molecular magnetism and quantum information processing. Although the first representatives of quintet and septet nitrenes were obtained almost 50 years ago, the experimental and theoretical studies of these highly reactive species became possible only recently, owing to new achievements in molecular spectroscopy and computational chemistry. Meanwhile, dozens of various quintet dinitrenes and septet trinitrenes were successfully characterized by IR, UV/Vis, and EPR spectroscopy, thus providing important information about the electronic structure, magnetic properties and reactivity of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Chapyshev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Enrique Mendez-Vega
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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Chapyshev SV, Korchagin DV, Misochko EY. Recent advances in chemistry of high-spin nitrenes. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical studies on aromatic nitrenes bearing from three to six unpaired electrons and having quartet, quintet, sextet or septet ground spin states, published in the last 15 years are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the magnetic properties of high-spin nitrenes and all other known high-spin organic molecules is performed. Promising areas of practical application of high-spin nitrenes as molecular magnets and as qubits and qudits for quantum computations are discussed.
The bibliography includes 214 references.
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Mendez-Vega E, Mieres-Perez J, Chapyshev SV, Sander W. Persistent Organic High-Spin Trinitrenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12994-12998. [PMID: 31265166 PMCID: PMC7687127 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The septet ground state trinitrenes 1,3,5‐trichloro‐2,4,6‐trinitrenobenzene and 1,3,5‐tribromo‐2,4,6‐trinitrenobenzene were isolated in inert (Ar, Ne, and Xe) as well as reactive matrices (H2, O2, and H2O) at cryogenic temperatures. These trinitrenes were obtained in high yields by UV photolysis of the corresponding triazides and characterized by IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The trinitrenes, despite bearing six unpaired electrons, are remarkably unreactive towards molecular oxygen and hydrogen and are persistent in water ice up to 160 K where the water matrix starts to sublime off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Mendez-Vega
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sergei V Chapyshev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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Chapyshev SV, Korchagin DV, Grote D, Sander W. EPR spectroscopy of multicomponent, multispin molecular system obtained by the photolysis of 2,4,6-triazido-3-cyano-5-fluoropyridine in solid argon. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2019; 57:472-478. [PMID: 30997697 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Complex multicomponent, multispin molecular system, consisting of a septet trinitrene, two quintet dinitrenes, and three triplet mononitrenes, was obtained by the photolysis of 2,4,6-triazido-3-cyano-5-fluoropyridine in solid argon. To identify these paramagnetic products, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in combination with line-shape spectral simulations and density functional theory calculations was used. The products of the photolysis was found to be triplet 2,4-diazido-3-cyano-5-fluoropyridyl-6-nitrene (DT = 1.000 cm-1 , ET = 0), triplet 2,4-diazido-3-cyano-5-fluoropyridyl-2-nitrene (DT = 1.043 cm-1 , ET = 0), triplet 2,6-diazido-3-cyano-5-fluoropyridyl-4-nitrene (DT = 1.128 cm-1 , ET = 0 cm-1 ), quintet 4-azido-3-cyano-5-fluoropyridyl-2,6-dinitrene (DQ = 0.211 cm-1 , EQ = 0.0532 cm-1 ), quintet 2-azido-3-cyano-5-fluoropyridyl-4,6-dinitrene (DQ = 0.208 cm-1 , EQ = 0.0386 cm-1 ), and septet 3-cyano-5-fluoropyridyl-2,4,6-trinitrene (DS = -0.1017 cm-1 , ES = -0.0042 cm-1 ) in a 38:4:7:22:14:4 ratio, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Chapyshev
- Department of Nanophotonics, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Denis V Korchagin
- Department of Nanophotonics, Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Dirk Grote
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Photochemical generation of high-spin nitrenes from 4,6-diazido-N-(4,6-diazido-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine in solid argon. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Korchagin DV, Aldoshin SM, Chernyak AV, Chapyshev SV. Molecular and crystal structure of 2,4,6-triazidopyrimidine and its chloro-substituted derivative. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476617030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Korchagin DV, Aldoshin SM, Chapyshev SV. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study of 2,4,6-triazidopyridine and its 3,5-dibromosubstituted derivative. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476616060202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chapyshev SV. Six-Membered Aromatic Polyazides: Synthesis and Application. Molecules 2015; 20:19142-71. [PMID: 26506330 PMCID: PMC6331878 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201019142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aromatic polyazides are widely used as starting materials in organic synthesis and photochemical studies, as well as photoresists in microelectronics and as cross-linking agents in polymer chemistry. Some aromatic polyazides possess high antitumor activity, while many others are of considerable interest as high-energy materials and precursors of high-spin nitrenes and C3N4 carbon nitride nanomaterials. The use of aromatic polyazides in click-reactions may be a new promising direction in the design of various supramolecular systems possessing interesting chemical, physical and biological properties. This review is devoted to the synthesis, properties and applications of six-membered aromatic compounds containing three and more azido groups in the ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Chapyshev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian.
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Chemoselective Staudinger-Phosphite Reaction on the Azido Groups of 2,4,6-Triazido-3,5-dibromopyridine. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chapyshev SV, Ushakov EN, Neuhaus P, Sander W. Matrix isolation, zero-field splitting parameters, and photoreactions of septet 2,4,6-trinitrenopyrimidines. J Org Chem 2014; 79:6047-53. [PMID: 24905080 DOI: 10.1021/jo500677g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The key intermediates of decomposition of high-energy 2,4,6-triazidopyrimidine and its 5-chloro-substituted derivative, the detonation of which is used for preparation of carbon nitrides, were investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in combination with quantum chemical calculations. The decomposition of the triazides was carried out photochemically, using the matrix isolation technique. The photodecomposition of both triazides with 254 nm light in argon matrices at 5 K occurred selectively to subsequently give the corresponding triplet 4,6-diazido-2-nitrenopyrimidines, quintet 4-azido-2,6-dinitrenopyrimidines, and septet 2,4,6-trinitrenopyrimidines. The latter were photochemically unstable and decomposed to form triplet nitrenes NCN and NNC as well as triplet carbenes NCCCN, HCCN, and HCCCCN. The results obtained provide important information about exchange interactions in high-spin nitrenes with the pyrimidine ring and the mechanism of the formation of carbon nitrides during thermolysis of 2,4,6-triazidopyrimidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Chapyshev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences , 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
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Kuzina SI, Tokarev SV, Korchagin DV, Kolpakov GA, Khudyakov DV, Chapyshev SV, Mikhailov AI, Nadtochenko VA, Aldoshin SM. Molecular magnetic structures based on high-spin intermediates of low-temperature radiolysis of azido derivatives and possibilities of their use in undulator systems. Russ Chem Bull 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-013-0038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chapyshev SV, Ushakov EN, Chernyak AV. 15N NMR spectra and reactivity of 2,4,6-triazidopyridines, 2,4,6-triazidopyrimidine and 2,4,6-triazido-s-triazine. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2013; 51:562-568. [PMID: 23877844 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.3987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
2,4,6-Triazido-s-triazine, 2,4,6-triazidopyrimidine and six different 2,4,6-triazidopyridines were studied by (15)N NMR spectroscopy. The assignment of signals in the spectra was performed using the gauge-independent atomic orbital (GIAO)-Tao-Perdew-Staroverov-Scuseria exchange-correlation functional (TPSS)h/6-311+G(d,p) calculations on the M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p) optimized molecular geometries. The Truhlar and coworkers' continuum solvation model called SMD was applied to treat solvent effects. With this approach, the root mean square error in estimations of the (15)N chemical shifts for the azido groups was just 1.9 ppm. It was shown that the different reactivity of the α- and γ-azido groups in pyridines correlates well with the chemical shifts of the Nα signals of these groups. Of two nonequivalent azido groups of azines, the azido group with the most shielded Nα signal is the most electron-deficient and reactive toward electron-rich reagents. By contrast, the azido group of azines with the most deshielded Nα signal is the most reactive toward electron-poor reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Chapyshev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation.
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Chapyshev SV, Korchagin DV, Neuhaus P, Sander W. High-spin intermediates of the photolysis of 2,4,6-triazido-3-chloro-5-fluoropyridine. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:733-42. [PMID: 23766785 PMCID: PMC3678571 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to theoretical expectations, the photolysis of 2,4,6-triazido-3-chloro-5-fluoropyridine in argon at 5 K gives rise to EPR peaks of just two triplet mononitrenes, two quintet dinitrenes, and a septet trinitrene. EPR spectral simulations in combination with DFT calculations show that observable nitrenes can be assigned to triplet 2,4-diazido-3-chloro-5-fluoropyridyl-6-nitrene (D T = 1.026 cm(-1), E T = 0), triplet 2,6-diazido-3-chloro-5-fluoropyridyl-4-nitrene (D T = 1.122 cm(-1), E T = 0.0018 cm(-1)), quintet 4-azido-3-chloro-5-fluoropyridyl-2,6-dinitrene (D Q = 0.215 cm(-1), E Q = 0.0545 cm(-1)), quintet 2-azido-3-chloro-5-fluoropyridyl-4,6-dinitrene (D Q = 0.209 cm(-1), E Q = 0.039 cm(-1)) and septet 3-chloro-5-fluoropyridyl-2,4,6-trinitrene (D S = -0.1021 cm(-1), E S = -0.0034 cm(-1)). Preferential photodissociation of the azido groups located in ortho-positions to the fluorine atom of pyridines is associated with strong π-conjugation of these groups with the pyridine ring. On photoexcitation, such azido groups are more efficiently involved in reorganization of the molecular electronic system and more easily adopt geometries of the locally excited predissociation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Chapyshev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
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Misochko EY, Akimov AV, Masitov AA, Korchagin DV, Yakushchenko IK, Chapyshev SV. High-spin organic molecules with dominant spin-orbit contribution and unprecedentedly large magnetic anisotropy. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:064308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4742342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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