1
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Wang TT, Zhou YN, Luo ZH, Zhu S. Beauty of Explicit Dispersity ( Đ) Equations in Controlled Polymerizations. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1423-1436. [PMID: 37812608 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Dispersity (Đ) as a critical parameter indicates the level of uniformity of the polymer molar mass or chain length. In the past several decades, the development of explicit equations for calculating Đ experiences a continual revolution. This viewpoint tracks the historical evolution of the explicit equations from living to reversible-deactivation polymerization systems. Emphasis is laid on displaying the charm of explicit Đ equations in batch reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP), with highlights of the relevant elegant mathematical manipulations. Some representative emerging applications enabled by the existing explicit equations are shown, involving nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization systems. Stemming from the several outlined challenges and outlooks, sustained concerns about the explicit Đ equations are still highly deserved. It is expected that these equations will continue to play an important role not only in traditional polymerization kinetic simulation and design of experiments but also in modern intelligent manufacturing of precision polymers and classroom education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yin-Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Zheng-Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, PR China
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2
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Mısır M, Savaskan Yılmaz S, Bilgin A. Synthesis and Characterization of ABA-Type Triblock Copolymers Using Novel Bifunctional PS, PMMA, and PCL Macroinitiators Bearing p-xylene-bis(2-mercaptoethyloxy) Core. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3813. [PMID: 37765667 PMCID: PMC10537302 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Syntheses of novel bifunctional poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-, poly(styrene) (PS)-, and (poly ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-based atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) macroinitiators derived from p-xylene-bis(1-hydroxy-3-thia-propanoloxy) core were carried out to obtain ABA-type block copolymers. Firstly, a novel bifunctional ATRP initiator, 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene-thioethane-2,1-diyl)bis(2-bromo-2-methylpropanoat) (PXTBR), synthesized the reaction of p-xylene-bis(1-hydroxy-3-thia-propane) (PXTOH) with α-bromoisobutryl bromide. The PMMA and PS macroinitiators were prepared by ATRP of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (S) as monomers using (PXTBR) as the initiator and copper(I) bromide/N,N,N',N″,N″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (CuBr/PMDETA) as a catalyst system. Secondly, di(α-bromoester) end-functionalized PCL-based ATRP macronitiator (PXTPCLBr) was prepared by esterification of hydroxyl end groups of PCL-diol (PXTPCLOH) synthesized by Sn(Oct)2-catalyzed ring opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-CL in bulk using (PXTOH) as initiator. Finally, ABA-type block copolymers, PXT(PS-b-PMMA-b-PS), PXT(PMMA-b-PS-b-PMMA), PXT(PS-b-PCL-b-PS), and PXT(PMMA-b-PCL-b-PMMA), were synthesized by ATRP of MMA and S as monomers using PMMA-, PS-, and PCL-based macroinitiators in the presence of CuBr/PMDETA as the catalyst system in toluene or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at different temperatures. In addition, the extraction abilities of PCL and PS were investigated under liquid-liquid phase conditions using heavy metal picrates (Ag+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+) as substrates and measuring with UV-Vis the amounts of picrate in the 1,2-dichloroethane phase before and after treatment with the polymers. The extraction affinity of PXTPCL and PXTPS for Hg2+ was found to be highest in the liquid-liquid phase extraction experiments. Characterizations of the molecular structures for synthesized novel initiators, macroinitiators, and the block copolymers were made by spectroscopic (FT-IR, ESI-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR), DSC, TGA, chromatographic (GPC), and morphologic SEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Mısır
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir 40100, Turkey;
| | - Sevil Savaskan Yılmaz
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, University Avenue, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
- UNAM–National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bilgin
- Faculty of Education, Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Turkey;
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3
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Hester HG, Abel BA, Coates GW. Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Poly(Dioxolane): Enhancing the Mechanical Performance of a Chemically Recyclable Polymer. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:8800-8804. [PMID: 37058609 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
We report a method to synthesize ultra-high-molecular-weight poly(1,3-dioxolane) (UHMW pDXL), a chemically recyclable thermoplastic material with excellent physical properties. We aimed to enhance the mechanical properties of sustainable polymers by increasing the molecular weight and found that UHMW pDXL exhibits similar tensile properties to ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The new polymerization method uses metal-free and economically friendly initiators to achieve UHMW pDXL with molecular weights greater than 1000 kDa. The development of UHMW pDXL provides a potential solution for capturing value from plastic waste and addressing the detrimental effects of plastic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Grace Hester
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Brooks A Abel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Geoffrey W Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
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4
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Pesqueira NM, Bignardi C, Oliveira LF, Machado AE, Carvalho-Jr VP, Goi BE. Visible light-induced radical polymerization of vinyl acetate mediated by organo-nickel N2O2 Schiff-base complexes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Tran TV, Lee E, Nguyen YH, Nguyen HD, Do LH. Customizing Polymers by Controlling Cation Switching Dynamics in Non-Living Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17129-17139. [PMID: 36069706 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the chain growth process in non-living polymerization reactions is difficult because chain termination typically occurs faster than the time it takes to apply an external trigger. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a strategy to regulate non-living polymerizations by exploiting the chemical equilibria between a metal catalyst and secondary metal cations. We have prepared two nickel phenoxyphosphine-polyethylene glycol variants, one with 2-methoxyphenyl (Ni1) and another with 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl (Ni2) phosphine substituents. Ethylene polymerization studies using these complexes in the presence of alkali salts revealed that chain growth is strongly dependent on electronic effects, whereas chain termination is dependent on both steric and electronic effects. By adjusting the solvent polarity, we can favor polymerizations via non-switching or dynamic switching modes. For example, in a 100:0.2 mixture of toluene/diethyl ether, reactions of Ni1 and both Li+ and Na+ cations in the presence of ethylene yielded bimodal polymers with different relative fractions depending on the Li+/Na+ ratio used. In a 98:2 mixture of toluene/diethyl ether, reactions of Ni2 and Cs+ in the presence of ethylene generated monomodal polyethylene with dispersity <2.0 and increasing molecular weight as the amount of Cs+ added increased. Solution studies by NMR spectroscopy showed that cation exchange between the nickel complexes and alkali cations in 98:2 toluene/diethyl ether is fast on the NMR time scale, which supports our proposed dynamic switching mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi V Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Eryn Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Yennie H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Hieu D Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Loi H Do
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
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6
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Dworakowska S, Lorandi F, Gorczyński A, Matyjaszewski K. Toward Green Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Current Status and Future Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106076. [PMID: 35175001 PMCID: PMC9259732 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs) have revolutionized synthetic polymer chemistry. Nowadays, RDRPs facilitate design and preparation of materials with controlled architecture, composition, and functionality. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has evolved beyond traditional polymer field, enabling synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids, bioconjugates, advanced polymers for electronics, energy, and environmentally relevant polymeric materials for broad applications in various fields. This review focuses on the relation between ATRP technology and the 12 principles of green chemistry, which are paramount guidelines in sustainable research and implementation. The green features of ATRP are presented, discussing the environmental and/or health issues and the challenges that remain to be overcome. Key discoveries and recent developments in green ATRP are highlighted, while providing a perspective for future opportunities in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Dworakowska
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyCracow University of TechnologyWarszawska 24Cracow31‐155Poland
| | - Francesca Lorandi
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Padovavia Marzolo 9Padova35131Italy
| | - Adam Gorczyński
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Faculty of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz UniversityUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8Poznań61‐614Poland
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7
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Le Bellec P, Midoux P, Cheradame H, Bennevault V, Guégan P. Tuneable thermal properties of PTHF-based copolymers by incorporation of epoxide units. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Reese CJ, Qi Y, Abele DT, Shlafstein MD, Dickhudt RJ, Guan X, Wagner MJ, Liu X, Boyes SG. Aromatic Polyamide Brushes for High Young’s Modulus Surfaces by Surface-Initiated Chain-Growth Condensation Polymerization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb J. Reese
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Yarong Qi
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Dustin T. Abele
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Maximillian D. Shlafstein
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Rhys J. Dickhudt
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Xun Guan
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Michael J. Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Xitong Liu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Stephen G. Boyes
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
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9
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Synthesis of block copolymers used in polymersome fabrication: Application in drug delivery. J Control Release 2021; 341:95-117. [PMID: 34774891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic block copolymers are common materials used for the fabrication of various nanostructures with biomedical applications including nanocapsules, nanospheres, micelles and polymeric vesicles. According to the literature, polymersomes have several advantages compared to other nanostructures used as drug delivery systems comprising better stability, facile synthesis, prolonged circulation time, and passive/active targeting capability. Various types of nanoparticles are formed by varying the ratio of the hydrophobic/hydrophilic blocks. Changing hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio of amphiphilic block copolymers has an impact on the structural characteristics of polymers such as changing molecular weight and surface functionalization of the block copolymer. Thus, polymerization strategies are an important factor that influences polymersomes quality. In this review, different polymerization strategies for the synthesis of block copolymers applied in polymersomes formation, are described.
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10
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Benchaphanthawee W, Peng CH. Organo-Cobalt Complexes in Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3628-3647. [PMID: 34132014 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt complexes have played an essential role in different chemical reactions. One of them that has attracted substantial attention in polymer science is cobalt mediated radical polymerization (CMRP), which is famous for its remarkable efficiency in controlling the radical polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) and other less active monomers (LAMs). Two pathways, reversible termination (RT) and degenerative transfer (DT), were recognized to control the polymerization in CMRP and could be further used to rationalize the mechanism of other RDRP methods. These control mechanisms were then found to be correlated to the redox potential of cobalt complexes and thus could be judged more quantitatively. The control of polymer composition and tacticity could also be achieved by using CMRP. The hybridization of CMRP and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) could directly synthesize the vinyl acetate/methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate/styrene block copolymers in one pot. The copolymer of acrylates and 1-octene could be obtained by visible-light-induced CMRP. With the addition of bulky Lewis acid, CMRP of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) showed high isotacticities with the contents of meso dyads (m) and meso triads (mm) up to 94 % and 87 %, respectively, and generated the crystalline PDMA with Tm as high as 276 °C. This personal account reviewed the development of CMRP with the mechanistic understanding, the control of composition and stereoselectivity of the polymeric products, and its perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wachara Benchaphanthawee
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-How Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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11
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Butzelaar AJ, Schneider S, Molle E, Theato P. Synthesis and Post-Polymerization Modification of Defined Functional Poly(vinyl ether)s. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100133. [PMID: 34031945 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Living cationic polymerization is known for a good control over chain growth yielding polymers with well-defined molar mass distributions and low dispersities. However, the practical challenges involved in the synthesis of poly(vinyl ether)s limited suitable post-polymerization modifications (PPM) via chemoselective click reactions. Herein the successful controlled cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers bearing pendant CC double and C≡C triple bonds using a single-component initiation under ambient conditions is reported. Furthermore, the PPM via thiol-ene/-yne and copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction of the obtained polymers is successfully realized laying the foundation for the synthesis of unprecedented functional poly(vinyl ether)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas J Butzelaar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sven Schneider
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Edgar Molle
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Patrick Theato
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Engesserstraße 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory-Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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12
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Lee K, Corrigan N, Boyer C. Rapid High‐Resolution 3D Printing and Surface Functionalization via Type I Photoinitiated RAFT Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Lee
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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13
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Lee K, Corrigan N, Boyer C. Rapid High‐Resolution 3D Printing and Surface Functionalization via Type I Photoinitiated RAFT Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8839-8850. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Lee
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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14
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Li M, Zhang S, Zhang X, Wang Y, Chen J, Tao Y, Wang X. Unimolecular Anion‐Binding Catalysts for Selective Ring‐Opening Polymerization of
O
‐carboxyanhydrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Yanchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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15
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Li M, Zhang S, Zhang X, Wang Y, Chen J, Tao Y, Wang X. Unimolecular Anion‐Binding Catalysts for Selective Ring‐Opening Polymerization of
O
‐carboxyanhydrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Yanchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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16
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Arraez FJ, Van Steenberge PHM, D’hooge DR. Conformational Distributions near and on the Substrate during Surface-Initiated Living Polymerization: A Lattice-Based Kinetic Monte Carlo Approach. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Arraez
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, Zwijnaarde, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Paul H. M. Van Steenberge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, Zwijnaarde, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, Zwijnaarde, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 70A, Zwijnaarde, Ghent 9052, Belgium
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17
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Kopeć M, Lamson M, Yuan R, Tang C, Kruk M, Zhong M, Matyjaszewski K, Kowalewski T. Polyacrylonitrile-derived nanostructured carbon materials. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Limer A, Haddleton DM. Transition Metal Mediated Living Radical Polymerisation. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/007967404777726223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Living radical polymerisation has witnessed an unprecedented interest from polymer and materials scientists. Traditionally, polymers tended to replace natural materials such as wood, cotton and glass, and were used primarily for their structural features and performance and cost advantages. New functional polymers are essential for the manufacture of cell phones, lap-top computers, new cosmetics, and many pharmaceuticals. It is important to be able to control how monomers are put together within the macromolecule for the design at the molecular level for specific applications. Living polymerisation allows for end group control, polymer chain length and relatively narrow polydispersity polymers. In nature, the ability to control monomer distribution and chain length is obvious with approximately 20 amino acids being the monomers for polymers as diverse as hair, insulin and haemoglobin. Living radical polymerisation solves many of the problems in the use of monomers that contain heteroatoms and functional groups. These tend to be reactive towards strong nucleophiles and electrophiles which are required in ionic polymerisation. Protecting group chemistry as used in small molecule organic synthesis is not practical in polymer synthesis. Thus radicals that are inert to most functional groups and in particular protic species seem to be the answer. The mechanism of the transition metal mediate systems is extremely complicated with a range of organometallic species present in the reaction mixture. Solvents and coordinating monomers drastically affect the ideal reaction conditions and it is impossible to predict the optimum conditions for each synthesis without certain experiments being carried out. Nevertheless, catalyst systems are available which are acceptable and work well enough to be able to make a plethora of different macromolecules for a diverse range of applications /properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Limer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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19
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Li M, Tao Y, Tang J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Tao Y, Wang X. Synergetic Organocatalysis for Eliminating Epimerization in Ring-Opening Polymerizations Enables Synthesis of Stereoregular Isotactic Polyester. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:281-289. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiadong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Youhua Tao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Lyu J, Gao Y, Zhang Z, Greiser U, Polanowski P, Jeszka JK, Matyjaszewski K, Tai H, Wang W. Monte Carlo Simulations of Atom Transfer Radical (Homo)polymerization of Divinyl Monomers: Applicability of Flory–Stockmayer Theory. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zidan Zhang
- Division of Polymer Chemistry and Materials, Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hongyun Tai
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, U.K
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21
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Matyjaszewski K. Advanced Materials by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706441. [PMID: 29582478 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has been successfully employed for the preparation of various advanced materials with controlled architecture. New catalysts with strongly enhanced activity permit more environmentally benign ATRP procedures using ppm levels of catalyst. Precise control over polymer composition, topology, and incorporation of site specific functionality enables synthesis of well-defined gradient, block, comb copolymers, polymers with (hyper)branched structures including stars, densely grafted molecular brushes or networks, as well as inorganic-organic hybrid materials and bioconjugates. Examples of specific applications of functional materials include thermoplastic elastomers, nanostructured carbons, surfactants, dispersants, functionalized surfaces, and biorelated materials.
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22
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Ochs J, Veloso A, Martínez-Tong DE, Alegria A, Barroso-Bujans F. An Insight into the Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization with Tetrabutylammonium Azide for the Generation of Pure Cyclic Poly(glycidyl phenyl ether). Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Ochs
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Donostia International
Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 4, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
| | - Antonio Veloso
- POLYMAT,, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta R&D Ctr, Avda. Tolosa-72, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
| | - Daniel E. Martínez-Tong
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Donostia International
Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 4, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
| | - Angel Alegria
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, San Sebastian 20080, Spain
| | - Fabienne Barroso-Bujans
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Donostia International
Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 4, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE - Basque
Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
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23
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Wei J, Duman LM, Redman DW, Yonke BL, Zavalij PY, Sita LR. N-Substituted Iminocaprolactams as Versatile and Low Cost Ligands in Group 4 Metal Initiators for the Living Coordinative Chain Transfer Polymerization of α-Olefins. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei
- Laboratory for Applied Catalyst Science
and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Leila M. Duman
- Laboratory for Applied Catalyst Science
and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Daniel W. Redman
- Laboratory for Applied Catalyst Science
and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Brendan L. Yonke
- Laboratory for Applied Catalyst Science
and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Peter Y. Zavalij
- Laboratory for Applied Catalyst Science
and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lawrence R. Sita
- Laboratory for Applied Catalyst Science
and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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24
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Nishiura C, Williams V, Matyjaszewski K. Iron and copper based catalysts containing anionic phenolate ligands for atom transfer radical polymerization. Macromol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-017-5118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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26
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Lamson M, Chen L, Zhong M, Wu D, Matyjaszewski K. Nitrogen-Doped Nanocarbons Derived from Tetrazine Cross-Linked Poly(4-cyanostyrene)-Silica Hybrids. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Lamson
- Department of Chemistry; Center for Macromolecular Engineering; Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Luyi Chen
- Materials Science Institute; PCFM Lab and DSAPM Lab; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering; Yale University; New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Dingcai Wu
- Materials Science Institute; PCFM Lab and DSAPM Lab; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry; Center for Macromolecular Engineering; Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
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27
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Wang G, Schmitt M, Wang Z, Lee B, Pan X, Fu L, Yan J, Li S, Xie G, Bockstaller MR, Matyjaszewski K. Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly (PISA) Using ICAR ATRP at Low Catalyst Concentration. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Polymers and Polymer Composite Materials, Department
of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Zongyu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Bongjoon Lee
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Xiangcheng Pan
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Liye Fu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jiajun Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sipei Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Guojun Xie
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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28
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Modification of Silica Nanoparticles with Miktoarm Polymer Brushes via ATRP. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-016-0427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Vergaelen M, Verbraeken B, Monnery BD, Hoogenboom R. Sulfolane as Common Rate Accelerating Solvent for the Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization of 2-Oxazolines. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:825-828. [PMID: 35596503 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The search for alternative solvents for the cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline (MeOx) is driven by the poor solubility of P(MeOx) in polymerization solvents such as acetonitrile (CH3CN) and chlorobenzene as well as in MeOx itself. In this study, solvent screening has revealed that especially sulfolane is a good solvent for PMeOx. Unexpectedly, an increased propagation rate constant (kp) was found for the CROP of MeOx in sulfolane. Further extended kinetic studies at different temperatures (60-180 °C), revealed that the acceleration is due to an increase in frequency factor, while the activation energy (Ea) of the reaction is hardly affected. In order to explore the versatility of sulfolane as polymerization solvent for the CROP of 2-oxazolines in general, also the polymerization kinetics of other 2-oxazoline monomers, such as 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline (EtOx) and 2-phenyl-2-oxazoline (PhOx), have been studied, revealing a common acceleration of the CROP of 2-oxazoline monomers in sulfolane. This also enabled more controlled synthesis of PMeOx-block-PPhOx block copolymers that otherwise suffers from solvent incompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Vergaelen
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Verbraeken
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bryn D. Monnery
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4, Ghent, Belgium
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30
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Asenjo-Sanz I, Veloso A, Miranda JI, Alegría A, Pomposo JA, Barroso-Bujans F. Zwitterionic Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Tetrahydrofuran and Glycidyl Phenyl Ether with B(C6F5)3. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Asenjo-Sanz
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-MPC, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
| | | | | | - Angel Alegría
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-MPC, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 1072, San Sebastian 20080, Spain
| | - José A. Pomposo
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-MPC, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 1072, San Sebastian 20080, Spain
- IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation
for Science, María Díaz
de Haro 3, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Fabienne Barroso-Bujans
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-MPC, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 4, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
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31
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Bellone D, Bours J, Menke EH, Fischer FR. Highly selective molybdenum ONO pincer complex initiates the living ring-opening metathesis polymerization of strained alkynes with exceptionally low polydispersity indices. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:850-6. [PMID: 25535767 PMCID: PMC4308759 DOI: 10.1021/ja510919v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The pseudo-octahedral molybdenum benzylidyne complex [TolC≡Mo(ONO)(OR)]·KOR (R = CCH3(CF3)2) 1, featuring a stabilizing ONO pincer ligand, initiates the controlled living polymerization of strained dibenzocyclooctynes at T > 60 °C to give high molecular weight polymers with exceptionally low polydispersities (PDI ∼ 1.02). Kinetic analyses reveal that the growing polymer chain attached to the propagating catalyst efficiently limits the rate of propagation with respect to the rate of initiation (kp/ki ∼ 10(-3)). The reversible coordination of KOCCH3(CF3)2 to the propagating catalyst prevents undesired chain-termination and -transfer processes. The ring-opening alkyne metathesis polymerization with 1 has all the characteristics of a living polymerization and enables, for the first time, the controlled synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers via ROAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatela
E. Bellone
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Justin Bours
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Elisabeth H. Menke
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Felix R. Fischer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley
and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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33
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Crawford KE, Sita LR. Regio- and Stereospecific Cyclopolymerization of Bis(2-propenyl)diorganosilanes and the Two-State Stereoengineering of 3,5- cis, isotactic Poly(3,5-methylene-1-silacyclohexane)s. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:506-509. [PMID: 35590716 DOI: 10.1021/mz500126r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-mediated coordination cyclopolymerization of bis(2-propenyl)dimethylsilane (1a) using the C1-symmetric, group 4 metal preinitiator, (η5-C5Me5)Zr(Me)2[N(Et)C(Me)N(tBu)] (I), in combination with 1 equiv of the borate coinitiator, [PhNHMe2][B(C6F5)4] (II), proceeds in a regio- and stereospecific manner to provide highly stereoregular 3,5-cis,isotactic poly(3,5-methylene-1,1-dimethyl-1-silacyclohexane) (2a). Successful stereoengineering of 2a to eliminate undesirable crystallinity while preserving a high Tg value of >120 °C was subsequently accomplished by employing a "two-state" propagation system that uniquely produces an isotactic stereoblock microstructure of decreasing stereoblock length with decreasing percent level of "activation" of I with II. The controlled character of cyclopolymerization of 1a using the less sterically encumbered preinitiator, (η5-C5Me5)Hf(Me)2[N(Et)C(Me)N(Et)] (III), and 1 equiv of II was used to prepare well-defined poly(1-hexene)-b-poly(3,5-methylene-1-silacyclohexane) block copolymers through sequential monomer additions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn E. Crawford
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lawrence R. Sita
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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34
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Ran J, Wu L, Zhang Z, Xu T. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP): A versatile and forceful tool for functional membranes. Prog Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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35
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So LC, Faucher S, Zhu S. Bulk Synthesis and Modeling of Living ROMP of 1,5-Cyclooctadiene for Narrowly Distributed Low Molecular Weight Linear Polyethylenes. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201300121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lai Chi So
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
- Xerox Research Centre of Canada; Mississauga; Ontario Canada L5K 2L1
| | - Santiago Faucher
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
- Xerox Research Centre of Canada; Mississauga; Ontario Canada L5K 2L1
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario, Canada L8S 4L7
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36
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Türel B, Karataş S, Güngör A, Serhatli IE. Synthesis of triphenyl phosphine oxide-containing polymers via atom transfer radical polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Nalli TW, Stanek LG, Molenaar RH, Weidell KL, Meyer JP, Johnson BR, Steckler TT, Wackerly JW, Studler MJ, Vickerman KL, Klankowski SA. Trialkyl Phosphites and Diaryliodonium Salts as Co-initiators in a System for Radical-Promoted Visible-Light-Induced Cationic Polymerization. J Org Chem 2013; 78:3561-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302830r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Nalli
- Chemistry
Department, Winona State University, Winona,
Minnesota 55987-5838, United States
| | - Lee G. Stanek
- Chemistry
Department, Winona State University, Winona,
Minnesota 55987-5838, United States
| | - Rebekka H. Molenaar
- Chemistry
Department, Winona State University, Winona,
Minnesota 55987-5838, United States
| | - Krysia L. Weidell
- Chemistry
Department, Winona State University, Winona,
Minnesota 55987-5838, United States
| | - Justin P. Meyer
- Chemistry
Department, Winona State University, Winona,
Minnesota 55987-5838, United States
| | - Brandon R. Johnson
- Chemistry
Department, Winona State University, Winona,
Minnesota 55987-5838, United States
| | - Timothy T. Steckler
- Chemistry
Department, Winona State University, Winona,
Minnesota 55987-5838, United States
| | - Jay Wm. Wackerly
- Chemistry
Department, Winona State University, Winona,
Minnesota 55987-5838, United States
| | - Missy Jo Studler
- Chemistry
Department, Winona State University, Winona,
Minnesota 55987-5838, United States
| | - Kevin L. Vickerman
- Chemistry
Department, Winona State University, Winona,
Minnesota 55987-5838, United States
| | - Stephen A. Klankowski
- Chemistry
Department, Winona State University, Winona,
Minnesota 55987-5838, United States
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38
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Liang Z, Zhang M, Ni X, Li X, Shen Z. Ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters initiated by lithium aggregate containing bis(phenolate) and enolate mixed ligands. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2012.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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39
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Reversible coordinative chain transfer polymerization of isoprene and copolymerization with ε-caprolactone by neodymium-based catalyst. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Plichta A, Zhong M, Li W, Elsen AM, Matyjaszewski K. Tuning Dispersity in Diblock Copolymers Using ARGET ATRP. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Konkolewicz D, Schröder K, Buback J, Bernhard S, Matyjaszewski K. Visible Light and Sunlight Photoinduced ATRP with ppm of Cu Catalyst. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:1219-1223. [PMID: 35607200 DOI: 10.1021/mz300457e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photochemically induced ATRP was performed with visible light and sunlight in the presence of parts per million (ppm) copper catalysts. Illumination of the reaction mixture yielded polymerization in case of 392 and 450 nm light but not for 631 nm light. Sunlight was also a viable source for the photoinduced ATRP. Control experiments suggest photoreduction of the CuII complex (ligand to metal charge transfer in the excited state), yielding a CuI complex, and a bromine radical that can initiate polymerization. No photoactivation of CuI complex was detected. This implies that the mechanism of ATRP in the presence of light is a hybrid of ICAR and ARGET ATRP. The method was also used to synthesize block copolymers and polymerizations in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kristin Schröder
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Johannes Buback
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Stefan Bernhard
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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42
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Konkolewicz D, Magenau AJD, Averick SE, Simakova A, He H, Matyjaszewski K. ICAR ATRP with ppm Cu Catalyst in Water. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300887r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Konkolewicz
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Andrew J. D. Magenau
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Saadyah E. Averick
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Antonina Simakova
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hongkun He
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Mukumoto K, Wang Y, Matyjaszewski K. Iron-Based ICAR ATRP of Styrene with ppm Amounts of Fe IIIBr 3 and 1,1'-Azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile). ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:599-602. [PMID: 35607069 DOI: 10.1021/mz3001463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A successful ICAR (initiators for continuous activator regeneration) ATRP (atom transfer radical polymerization) of styrene was conducted with iron(III) bromide and 1,1'-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile) (ACHN) as the thermal initiator. A polymerization, started with 50 ppm of FeBr3 and 50 mol equivalents of ACHN in 33% (v/v) anisole at 90 °C, reached 70% conversion in 24 h and was well controlled, giving a polymer with a narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn = 1.15). The number average molecular weight (Mn) corresponded well to theoretical values, as conversion increased. The rate of polymerization was dependent on the amount of ACHN initially added to the reaction. A polymer with a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution, Mw/Mn = 1.29 at 65% of conversion, was obtained with 5 ppm of FeBr3 and the appropriate amount of ACHN. This procedure therefore provides an efficient controlled polymerization in addition to creating a robust, cheap, and environmentally friendly catalytic system. Control of polymerization with ACHN was better than with tert-butyl peracetate as a thermal initiator or tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate, Fe0, or Zn0 wire as reducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Mukumoto
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15213, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15213, United States
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Lou Q, Shipp DA. Recent developments in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP): methods to reduce metal catalyst concentrations. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:3257-61. [PMID: 22539367 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was initially developed in the mid-1990s, and with continued refinement and use has led to significant discoveries in new materials. However, metal contamination of the polymer product is an issue that has proven detrimental to widespread industrial application of ATRP. The laboratories of K. Matyjaszewski have made significant progress towards removing this impediment, leading the development of "activators regenerated by electron transfer" ATRP (ARGET ATRP) and electrochemically mediated ATRP (eATRP) technologies. These variants of ATRP allow polymers to be produced with great molecular weight and functionality control but at significantly reduced catalyst concentrations, typically at parts per million levels. This Concept examines these polymerizations in terms of their mechanism and outcomes, and is aimed at giving the reader an overview of recent developments in the field of ATRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Lou
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Center for Advanced Materials Processing, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810, USA
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Matyjaszewski K. Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP): Current Status and Future Perspectives. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3001719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2011] [Impact Index Per Article: 167.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Lee SR, Bryan ZJ, Wagner AM, McNeil AJ. Effect of ligand electronic properties on precatalyst initiation and propagation in Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling polymerizations. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc00005a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Çanak TÇ, Selçukoğlu M, Hamuryudan E, Serhatlı İE. Atom transfer radical polymerization of methylmethacrylate and styrene initiated by 3,5-bis(perfluorobenzyloxy)benzyl 2-bromopropanoate. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abraham S, So A, Unsworth LD. Poly(carboxybetaine methacrylamide)-Modified Nanoparticles: A Model System for Studying the Effect of Chain Chemistry on Film Properties, Adsorbed Protein Conformation, and Clot Formation Kinetics. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:3567-80. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200778u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinoj Abraham
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Alberta, National Research Council (Canada), National
Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alan So
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Alberta, National Research Council (Canada), National
Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Larry D. Unsworth
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Alberta, National Research Council (Canada), National
Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Low-fluorinated homopolymer from heterogeneous ATRP of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate mediated by copper complex with nitrogen-based ligand. J Fluor Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2011.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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