Ratner BD. Characterization of graft polymers for biomedical applications.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 1980;
14:665-87. [PMID:
7349672 DOI:
10.1002/jbm.820140512]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Graft copolymer systems have frequently been suggested for biomedical applications. Since the properties of polymers are altered by the grafting process, thorough characterization is critical, particularly for the surface region of these copolymers. This review briefly discusses the grafting process and then describes characterization procedures for graft copolymers. Gravimetric characterization, thermodynamic measurements, surface chemistry analysis, and surface topographical analysis are considered in detail. Also, the relevance of materials characterization for predicting and understanding the biocompatibility response is discussed. Most of the analytical techniques described are applicable to all biomaterials and should be considered for the routine characterization of materials which will be interfaced with biological systems.
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