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Necolau MI, Radu IN, Bălănucă B, Frone AN, Damian CM. Broadening the coating applications of sustainable materials by reinforcing epoxidized corn oil with single-walled carbon nanotubes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:37465-37479. [PMID: 38776024 PMCID: PMC11182871 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
In the global context of environmental awareness, the present research proposes a sustainable alternative to the widely used petroleum-based epoxy coatings. Epoxidized corn oil (ECO) was tested as potential matrix for advanced nanocomposite coating materials reinforced with 0.25 to 1 wt.% single-walled carbon nanotubes (SW) with carboxyl and amide functionalities. The elemental composition of the epoxy networks was monitored by XPS, showing the increase of O/C ratio to 0.387 when carboxyl-functionalized SW are added. To achieve sustainable composite materials, citric acid was used as curing agent, as a substitute for conventional counterparts. The influence of both surface functional groups and concentration of SW was evaluated through structural and thermo-mechanical analysis. The progressive increase of the DSC enthalpy for SW formulated systems indicates a possible pattern for specific interactions within the bio-based epoxy translated by adjusted activation energy. For 1% neat SW addition, the Ea values decreased to 46 kJ/mol in comparison with 53 kJ/mol calculated for neat epoxy. Furthermore, the -COOH groups from SW nanostructures exerted a strong influence over the mechanical performance of bio-epoxy networks, improving the crosslinking density with ~ 60% and twofold the storage modulus value. Accordingly, by gradual addition of SW-COOH filler within the ECO-based formulations, a very consistent behaviour in seawater was noted, with a 28% decreased value for the absorption degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina Ioana Necolau
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, National University of Science and Technology, Politehnica Bucharest 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulia Nicoleta Radu
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, National University of Science and Technology, Politehnica Bucharest 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Brînduşa Bălănucă
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, National University of Science and Technology, Politehnica Bucharest 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Organic Chemistry "C. Nenitescu, National University of Science and Technology, Politehnica Bucharest 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Nicoleta Frone
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Celina Maria Damian
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, National University of Science and Technology, Politehnica Bucharest 1-7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061, Bucharest, Romania.
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2
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Azka MA, Sapuan SM, Abral H, Zainudin ES, Aziz FA. An examination of recent research of water absorption behavior of natural fiber reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131845. [PMID: 38677695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Researchers have begun focusing on developing biodegradable materials, such as natural fiber/polymer composites (NFPC), since the growing of environmental concerns related to waste management. One crucial aspect that must be established in the development of these composites is their water-absorption behavior. This paper examines the water absorption (WA) behavior of NFPC, with a specific emphasis on natural fiber/polylactic acid (PLA) composites. It discusses processes and numerous aspects related to this behavior, based on recent published research. This review analyzes the influence of several factors, such as the loading of natural fiber, the combination of different natural fibers, the methods used in manufacturing, and the temperature of the water, on the WA behavior of natural fiber/PLA composites. It also explores how WA affects the properties of these composites. In addition, this review also presented techniques for improving the WA resistance of the composites. This review paper provides researchers with insights into the WA behavior of the composites, aiming to facilitate the development of a versatile and eco-friendly material that may effectively address waste disposal challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adlan Azka
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S M Sapuan
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hairul Abral
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia; Research Collaboration Center for Nanocellulose, BRIN-Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia
| | - E S Zainudin
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faieza Abdul Aziz
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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3
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Plota-Pietrzak A, Czechowski L, Miszczak S, Masek A. Innovative Materials Based on Epoxy Resin for Use as Seat Elements in Bulk Transport. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1829. [PMID: 38673186 PMCID: PMC11051280 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The subject of this research is the development of epoxy composites with a defined service life for the purpose of seat elements in rail vehicles, which will be more environmentally friendly. The produced materials based on epoxy resin filled with PLA or PLA and quercetin were subjected to solar aging tests for 800 h to investigate the impact of the additives used on the aging behavior of the epoxy matrix. Firstly, the TGA analysis showed that the use of the proposed additives allowed for the maintenance of the thermal stability of the epoxy resin. Moreover, based on an optical microscopy test, it was noticed that the introduction of PLA and PLA with quercetin did not contribute to an increase in matrix defects. The one-directional tensile tests carried out before and after solar aging showed that the presence of polylactide in epoxy composites causes a slight growth of the stiffness and strength. Based on contact angle and color change measurements, it was found that quercetin was oxidized, thus ensuring protection for the epoxy matrix. This phenomenon was confirmed by FTIR study, where the carbonyl index (CI) value for the R-PLA-Q composite was lower than for the reference sample. The obtained composite structures may be a good alternative to traditionally used systems as seat elements in rail vehicles, which are not only characterized by high aging resistance but are also more eco-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Plota-Pietrzak
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Leszek Czechowski
- Department of Strength of Materials, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Miszczak
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Masek
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537 Lodz, Poland;
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Bekmirzaev J, Simon M, D'Aniello S, Mazzeo M, Cohen-Janes SJ, Mathers RT, Gauvin RM, Thomas CM. A New Life For Nitrile-Butadiene Rubber: Co-Harnessing Metathesis And Condensation For Reincorporation Into Bio-Based Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319414. [PMID: 38295149 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Efficient plastic recycling processes are crucial for the production of value-added products or intermediates. Here, we present a multicatalytic route that allows the degradation of nitrile-butadiene rubber, cross-metathesis of the formed oligomers, and polymerization of the resulting dicarboxylic acids with bio-based diols, providing direct access to unsaturated polyesters. This one-pot approach combines the use of commercially available catalysts that are active and selective under mild conditions to synthesize renewable copolymers without the need to isolate intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakhongir Bekmirzaev
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Malaury Simon
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sara D'Aniello
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, SA-84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Mina Mazzeo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, SA-84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Sander J Cohen-Janes
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, New Kensington, Pennsylvania, 15068, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Robert T Mathers
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, New Kensington, Pennsylvania, 15068, USA
| | - Régis M Gauvin
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Christophe M Thomas
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 11, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
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Deng L, Wang Z, Qu B, Liu Y, Qiu W, Qi S. A Comparative Study on the Properties of Rosin-Based Epoxy Resins with Different Flexible Chains. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4246. [PMID: 37959926 PMCID: PMC10647691 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to reveal the effects of flexible chain lengths on rosin-based epoxy resin's properties. Two rosin-based epoxy monomers with varying chain lengths were synthesized: AR-EGDE (derived from ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether-modified acrylic acid rosin) and ARE (derived from acrylic acid rosin and epichlorohydrin). Diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) with different flexible chain lengths were used as curing agents. The adhesion, impact, pencil hardness, flexibility, water and heat resistance, and weatherability of the epoxy resins were systematically examined. It was found that when the flexible chains of rosin-based epoxy monomers were grown from ARE to AR-EGDE, due to the increased space of rosin-based fused rings, the toughness, adhesion, and water resistance of the rosin-based epoxy resins were enhanced, while the pencil hardness and heat resistance decreased. However, when the flexible chains of curing agents were lengthened, the resin's performance did not change significantly because the space between the fused rings changed little. This indicates that the properties of the rosin-based resins can only be altered when the introduced flexible chain increases the space between the fused rings. The study also compared rosin-based resins to E20, a commercial petroleum-based epoxy of the bisphenol A type. The rosin-based resins demonstrated superior adhesion, water resistance, and weatherability compared to the E20 resins, indicating the remarkable durability of the rosin-based resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianli Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds and Applications, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China; (L.D.)
| | - Zehua Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Bailu Qu
- Changsha Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Centre of Hunan Province, Changsha 410001, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Shaohe Qi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Xiangnan Rare-Precious Metals Compounds and Applications, School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, China; (L.D.)
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Dal Pont B, Gigante V, Panariello L, Canesi I, Aliotta L, Lazzeri A. Investigation of Novel Flax Fiber/Epoxy Composites with Increased Biobased Content. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4030. [PMID: 37836080 PMCID: PMC10575258 DOI: 10.3390/polym15194030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, biobased epoxy resins derived from plant oils and natural fibers are available on the market and are a promising substitute for fossil-based products. The purpose of this work is to investigate novel lightweight thermoset fiber-reinforced composites with extremely high biobased content. Paying attention to the biobased content, following a cascade pathway, many trials were carried out with different types of resins and hardeners to select the best ones. The most promising formulations were then used to produce flax fiber reinforced composites by vacuum bagging process. The main biocomposite properties such as tensile, bending, and impact properties as well as the individuation of their glass transition temperatures (by DSC) were assessed. Three biocomposite systems were investigated with biobased content ranging from 60 to 91%, obtaining an elastic modulus that varied from 2.7 to 6.3 GPa, a flexural strength from 23 to 108.5 MPa, and Charpy impact strength from 11.9 to 12.2 kJ/m2. The properties reached by the new biocomposites are very encouraging; in fact, their stiffness vs. lightweight (calculated by the E/ρ3 ratio) is comparable to some typical epoxy-glass composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Dal Pont
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (B.D.P.); (L.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Vito Gigante
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (B.D.P.); (L.P.); (A.L.)
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Panariello
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (B.D.P.); (L.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Ilaria Canesi
- Planet Bioplastics, Via San Giovanni Bosco 23, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Laura Aliotta
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (B.D.P.); (L.P.); (A.L.)
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (B.D.P.); (L.P.); (A.L.)
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Planet Bioplastics, Via San Giovanni Bosco 23, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
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7
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Ares-Elejoste P, Seoane-Rivero R, Gandarias I, Iturmendi A, Gondra K. Sustainable Alternatives for the Development of Thermoset Composites with Low Environmental Impact. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2939. [PMID: 37447584 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The current concerns of both society and the materials industries about the environmental impact of thermoset composites, as well as new legislation, have led the scientific sector to search for more sustainable alternatives to reduce the environmental impact of thermoset composites. Until now, to a large extent, sustainable reinforcements have been used to manufacture more sustainable composites and thus contribute to the reduction of pollutants. However, in recent years, new alternatives have been developed, such as thermosetting resins with bio-based content and/or systems such as recyclable amines and vitrimers that enable recycling/reuse. Throughout this review, some new bio-based thermoset systems as well as new recyclable systems and sustainable reinforcements are described, and a brief overview of the biocomposites market and its impact is shown. By way of conclusion, it should be noted that although significant improvements have been achieved, other alternatives ought to be researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ares-Elejoste
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 202, 48170 Zamudio, Spain
| | - Ruben Seoane-Rivero
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 202, 48170 Zamudio, Spain
| | - Iñaki Gandarias
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Alameda Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aitziber Iturmendi
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 202, 48170 Zamudio, Spain
| | - Koldo Gondra
- GAIKER Technology Centre, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 202, 48170 Zamudio, Spain
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8
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Shao Q, Fang S, Fang X, Zhang M, Huang W, Wang F, Duan X, Wu Y, Luo J. Boosting short-chain fatty acids production from co-fermentation of orange peel waste and waste activated sludge: Critical role of pH on fermentation steps and microbial function traits. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 380:129128. [PMID: 37137449 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic co-fermentation of orange peel waste (OPW) and waste activated sludge (WAS) for useful short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) generation presents an environmentally friendly and efficient method for their disposal. This study amied to investigate the effects of pH regulation on OPW/WAS co-fermentation, and found that the alkaline pH regulation (pH 9) significantly enhanced the promotion of SCFAs (11843 ± 424 mg COD/L), with a high proportion of acetate (51%). Further analysis revealed that alkaline pH regulation facilitated solubilization, hydrolysis, and acidification while simultaneously inhibiting methanogenesis. Furthermore, the functional anaerobes, as well as the expressions of corresponding gene involved in SCFAs biosynthesis, were generally improved under alkaline pH regulation. Alkaline treatment might played a critical role in alleviating the toxicity of OPW, resulting in improving microbial metabolic activity. This work provided an effective strategy to recover biomass waste as high-value products, and insightful understanding of microbial traits during OPW/WAS co-fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqi Shao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Shiyu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xinyang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Minghong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenxuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
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Long H, Xu H, Shaoyu J, Jiang T, Zhuang W, Li M, Jin J, Ji L, Ying H, Zhu C. High-Strength Bio-Degradable Polymer Foams with Stable High Volume-Expansion Ratio Using Chain Extension and Green Supercritical Mixed-Gas Foaming. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040895. [PMID: 36850179 PMCID: PMC9963428 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The preparation of biodegradable polymer foams with a stable high volume-expansion ratio (VER) is challenging. For example, poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) foams have a low melt strength and high shrinkage. In this study, polylactic acid (PLA), which has a high VER and crystallinity, was added to PBAT to reduce shrinkage during the supercritical molded-bead foaming process. The epoxy chain extender ADR4368 was used both as a chain extender and a compatibilizer to mitigate the linear chain structure and incompatibility and improve the foamability of PBAT. The branched-chain structure increased the energy-storage modulus (G') and complex viscosity (η*), which are the key factors for the growth of cells, by 1-2 orders of magnitude. Subsequently, we innovatively used the CO2 and N2 composite gas method. The foam-shrinkage performance was further inhibited; the final foam had a VER of 23.39 and a stable cell was obtained. Finally, after steam forming, the results showed that the mechanical strength of the PBAT/PLA blended composite foam was considerably improved by the addition of PLA. The compressive strength (50%), bending strength, and fracture load by bending reached 270.23 kPa, 0.36 MPa, and 23.32 N, respectively. This study provides a potential strategy for the development of PBAT-based foam packaging materials with stable cell structure, high VER, and excellent mechanical strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Long
- College of Biotechnique and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hongsen Xu
- College of Biotechnique and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jingwen Shaoyu
- College of Biotechnique and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Tianchen Jiang
- College of Biotechnique and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- College of Biotechnique and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnique, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5, Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Ming Li
- College of Biotechnique and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnique, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5, Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Junyang Jin
- College of Biotechnique and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lei Ji
- College of Biotechnique and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnique, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5, Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- College of Biotechnique and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnique, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5, Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chenjie Zhu
- College of Biotechnique and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- National Engineering Technique Research Center for Biotechnique, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5, Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30, Puzhu South Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (C.Z.)
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10
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Lu C, Wang X, Hua W, Wang S, Wang S, Wang J, Yong Q, Chu F. Fabrication of cellulose/plant oil based flexible epoxy thermoset with excellent
UV
‐blocking performance. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanwei Lu
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF) Nanjing China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Wenhui Hua
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Shan Wang
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Shaojun Wang
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Jifu Wang
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF) Nanjing China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Fuxiang Chu
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF) Nanjing China
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11
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Puglia D, Luzi F, Torre L. Preparation and Applications of Green Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Nanocomposites Based on Nanolignin. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245470. [PMID: 36559837 PMCID: PMC9788066 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of bio-based materials is of great importance in the present environmental circumstances; hence, research has greatly advanced in the valorization of lignin from lignocellulosic wastes. Lignin is a natural polymer with a crosslinked structure, valuable antiradical activity, unique thermal- and UV-absorption properties, and biodegradability, which justify its use in several prospective and useful application sectors. The active functionalities of lignin promote its use as a valuable material to be adopted in the composite and nanocomposites arenas, being useful and suitable for consideration both for the synthesis of matrices and as a nanofiller. The aim of this review is to summarize, after a brief introduction on the need for alternative green solutions to petroleum-based plastics, the synthesis methods for bio-based and/or biodegradable thermoplastic and thermosetting nanocomposites, along with the application of lignin nanoparticles in all green polymeric matrices, thus generating responsiveness towards the sustainable use of this valuable product in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Puglia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0744-492916
| | - Francesca Luzi
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning (SIMAU), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Luigi Torre
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy
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12
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ShangGuan J, Zheng Y, Jiang J, Li Y, Sun H, Xiang S, Zhao S, Fu F, Liu X. Enhanced performance of a bio‐based diluent with both vinyl and epoxide groups for unsaturated polyester resin applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianan ShangGuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Yanglei Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Junyi Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Haoran Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Shuangfei Xiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Shujun Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Feiya Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
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13
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Wu X, De bruyn M, Barta K. A Diamine-Oriented Biorefinery Concept Using Ammonia and Raney Ni as a Multifaceted Catalyst. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022; 94:1808-1817. [PMID: 36632530 PMCID: PMC9826469 DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Diamines are important industrial chemicals. In this paper we outline the feasibility of lignocellulose as a source of diol-containing molecules. We also illustrate the possibility of turning these diols into their diamines in good to excellent yields. Central to these transformations is the use of commercially available Raney Ni. For diol formation, the Raney Ni engages in hydrogenation and often also demethoxylation, that way funneling multiple components to one single molecule. For diamine formation, Raney Ni catalyzes hydrogen-borrowing mediated diamination in the presence of NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyuan Wu
- University of GroningenStratingh Institute for ChemistryGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Mario De bruyn
- University of GrazDepartment of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryHeinrichstraße 28/II8010GrazAustria
| | - Katalin Barta
- University of GroningenStratingh Institute for ChemistryGroningenThe Netherlands,University of GrazDepartment of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryHeinrichstraße 28/II8010GrazAustria
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14
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Preparation and properties of self-healing tung oil-based polymer networks driven by thermo-reversible Diels–Alder reaction. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
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15
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Kumar B, Roy S, Agumba DO, Pham DH, Kim J. Effect of bio-based derived epoxy resin on interfacial adhesion of cellulose film and applicability towards natural jute fiber-reinforced composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1304-1313. [PMID: 36198365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a bio-based vanillin-derived epoxy (VDE) resin for bio-based natural fiber-reinforced composites. VDE monomer was synthesized, and curing agents, namely, 4,4´-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) and isophorone diamine, were used. The prepared VDE resins with various curing parameters were characterized using FTIR, NMR, tensile test, bending test and water contact angle. Further, the interfacial adhesion feasibility of VDE resins on cellulose film was studied through the single-lap shear joint examination and compared with a commercial epoxy, DGEBA. The VDE-DDM resin exhibited excellent interfacial adhesion with cellulose than VDE-IPDA and DGEBA-DDM resins. The cured VDE-DDM thermoset showed a tensile strength of 86.0 ± 6.5 MPa, thermal stability of 241.0 °C at Td5%, and an elastic modulus of 2.9 ± 0.3 GPa, which is better than the commercial epoxy resin. Besides, the developed VDE-DDM resin was used to fabricate treated-jute fiber (TJF)-reinforced composites. The bio-based VDE-DDM/TJF composite's flexural strength was higher than the commercial epoxy resin composite, DGEBA-DDM/TJF. Furthermore, the phosphorus moiety of the VDE-DDM resin endows flame retardancy to the VDE-DDM/TJF composite during combustion. Overall, the appealing properties of bio-based VDE-DDM/TJF composite render environment-friendly and high-performance structural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijender Kumar
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Swarup Roy
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Dickens O Agumba
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Duc H Pham
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehwan Kim
- Creative Research Center for Nanocellulose Future Composites, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Bu M, Zhang X, Zhou T, Lei C. Fully bio-based epoxy resins derived from magnolol and varying furan amines: cure kinetics, superior mechanical and thermal properties. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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17
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Thermal-induced self-healing bio-based vitrimers: Shape memory, recyclability, degradation, and intrinsic flame retardancy. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Lu C, Wang X, Shen Y, Wang J, Yong Q, Chu F. Fabrication of sustainable, toughening epoxy thermosets with rapidly thermal and light‐triggered shape memory property. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanwei Lu
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF) Nanjing China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Yi Shen
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Jifu Wang
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF) Nanjing China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Fuxiang Chu
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF) Nanjing China
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19
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Kudo H, Nishioka S, Jin H, Maekawa H, Nakamura S, Masuda T. Thermosetting epoxy resin system: Ring-opening by copolymerization of epoxide with D,L-Lactide. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Ren S, Tian F, Zhang S, Zhou W, Du Y. Bio‐based
benzoxazine from renewable
L‐tyrosine
: Synthesis, polymerization, and properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shitong Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shijiazhuang Tiedao University Shijiazhuang China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Transportation Engineering and Environment Shijiazhuang Tiedao University Shijiazhuang China
| | - Fangjing Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shijiazhuang Tiedao University Shijiazhuang China
| | - Shaoheng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shijiazhuang Tiedao University Shijiazhuang China
| | - Weicong Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shijiazhuang Tiedao University Shijiazhuang China
| | - Yonggang Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shijiazhuang Tiedao University Shijiazhuang China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Transportation Engineering and Environment Shijiazhuang Tiedao University Shijiazhuang China
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