1
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Ferrier RC, Kumbhar G, Crum-Dacon S, Lynd NA. A guide to modern methods for poly(thio)ether synthesis using Earth-abundant metals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12390-12410. [PMID: 37753731 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03046f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Polyethers and polythioethers have a long and storied history dating back to the start of polymer science as a distinct field. As such, these materials have been utilized in a wide range of commercial applications and fundamental studies. The breadth of their material properties and the contexts in which they are applied is ultimately owed to their diverse monomer pre-cursors, epoxides and thiiranes, respectively. The facile polymerization of these monomers, both historically and contemporaneously, across academia and industry, has occurred through the use of Earth-abundant metals as catalysts and/or initiators. Despite this, polymerization methods for these monomers are underutilized compared to other monomer classes like cyclic olefins, vinyls, and (meth)acrylates. We feel a focused review that clearly outlines the benefits and shortcomings of extant synthetic methods for poly(thio)ethers along with their proposed mechanisms and quirks will help facilitate the utilization of these methods and by extension the unique polymer materials they create. Therefore, this Feature Article briefly describes the applications of poly(thio)ethers before discussing the feature-set of each poly(thio)ether synthetic method and qualitatively scoring them on relevant metrics (e.g., ease-of-use, molecular weight control, etc.) to help would-be poly(thio)ether-makers find an appropriate synthetic approach. The article is concluded with a look ahead at the future of poly(thio)ether synthesis with Earth-abundant metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Ferrier
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, East Lansing MI, USA.
| | - Gouree Kumbhar
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, East Lansing MI, USA.
| | - Shaylynn Crum-Dacon
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, East Lansing MI, USA.
| | - Nathaniel A Lynd
- University of Texas-Austin, McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, Austin, TX, USA
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2
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Sustainable Bio-Based UV-Cured Epoxy Vitrimer from Castor Oil. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15041024. [PMID: 36850307 PMCID: PMC9963144 DOI: 10.3390/polym15041024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitrimers brought new properties in thermosets by allowing their reshaping, self-healing, reprocessing, and network rearrangement without changing structural integrity. In this study, epoxidized castor oil (ECO) was successfully used for the straightforward synthesis of a bio-based solvent-free vitrimer. The synthesis was based on a UV-curing process, which proceeded at low temperatures in the absence of any solvents, and within a short time. Real time Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and photo-DSC were exploited to monitor the cationic photocurable process. The UV-cured polymer networks were able to efficiently undergo thermo-activated bond exchange reactions due to the presence of dibutyl phosphate as a transesterification catalyst. Mechanical properties, thermal resistance, glass transition temperature, and stress relaxation were investigated as a function of the amount of transesterification catalyst. Mechanical properties were determined by both DMTA and tensile tests. Glass transition temperature (Tg) was evaluated by DMTA. Thermal stability was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis, whilst vitrimeric properties were studied by stress relaxation experiments. Overall, the ECO-based vitrimer showed high thermal resistance (up to 200 °C) and good mechanical properties (elastic modulus of about 10 MPa) and can therefore be considered as a promising starting point for obtaining more sustainable vitrimers.
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3
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Li Q, Shen HX, Liu C, Wang CF, Zhu L, Chen S. Advances in Frontal Polymerization Strategy: from Fundamentals to Applications. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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4
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Petko F, Świeży A, Ortyl J. Photoinitiating systems and kinetics of frontal photopolymerization processes – the prospects for efficient preparation of composites and thick 3D structures. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00596k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The frontal photopolymerisation combining a versatile interest in many applications and economic efficiency is destined to occupy a growing polymer economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Petko
- Photo HiTech Ltd, Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Świeży
- Photo HiTech Ltd, Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Photo HiTech Ltd, Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
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Malik MS, Schlögl S, Wolfahrt M, Sangermano M. Review on UV-Induced Cationic Frontal Polymerization of Epoxy Monomers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092146. [PMID: 32962306 PMCID: PMC7570253 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)-induced cationic frontal polymerization has emerged as a novel technique that allows rapid curing of various epoxy monomers upon UV irradiation within a few seconds. In the presence of a diaryliodonium salt photoinitiator together with a thermal radical initiator, the cationic ring opening polymerization of an epoxide monomer is auto-accelerated in the form of a self-propagating front upon UV irradiation. This hot propagating front generates the required enthalpy to sustain curing reaction throughout the resin formulation without further need for UV irradiation. This unique reaction pathway makes the cationic frontal polymerization a promising route towards the efficient curing of epoxy-based thermosetting resins and related composite structures. This review represents a comprehensive overview of the mechanism and progress of UV-induced cationic frontal polymerization of epoxy monomers that have been reported so far in literature. At the same time, this review covers important aspects on the frontal polymerization of various epoxide monomers involving the chemistry of the initiators, the effect of appropriate sensitizers, diluents and fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman Malik
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Rossegerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria; (M.S.M.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Sandra Schlögl
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Rossegerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria; (M.S.M.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Markus Wolfahrt
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Rossegerstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria; (M.S.M.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Marco Sangermano
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence:
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6
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Canela-Xandri A, Balcells M, Villorbina G, Christou P, Canela-Garayoa R. Preparation and Uses of Chlorinated Glycerol Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:E2511. [PMID: 32481583 PMCID: PMC7321119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crude glycerol (C3H8O3) is a major by-product of biodiesel production from vegetable oils and animal fats. The increased biodiesel production in the last two decades has forced glycerol production up and prices down. However, crude glycerol from biodiesel production is not of adequate purity for industrial uses, including food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The purification process of crude glycerol to reach the quality standards required by industry is expensive and dificult. Novel uses for crude glycerol can reduce the price of biodiesel and make it an economical alternative to diesel. Moreover, novel uses may improve environmental impact, since crude glycerol disposal is expensive and dificult. Glycerol is a versatile molecule with many potential applications in fermentation processes and synthetic chemistry. It serves as a glucose substitute in microbial growth media and as a precursor in the synthesis of a number of commercial intermediates or fine chemicals. Chlorinated derivatives of glycerol are an important class of such chemicals. The main focus of this review is the conversion of glycerol to chlorinated derivatives, such as epichlorohydrin and chlorohydrins, and their further use in the synthesis of additional downstream products. Downstream products include non-cyclic compounds with allyl, nitrile, azide and other functional groups, as well as oxazolidinones and triazoles, which are cyclic compounds derived from ephichlorohydrin and chlorohydrins. The polymers and ionic liquids, which use glycerol as an initial building block, are highlighted, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Canela-Xandri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Centre and DBA center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.C.-X.); (M.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Mercè Balcells
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Centre and DBA center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.C.-X.); (M.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Gemma Villorbina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Centre and DBA center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.C.-X.); (M.B.); (G.V.)
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
- ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluıís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Canela-Garayoa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Centre and DBA center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.C.-X.); (M.B.); (G.V.)
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7
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Liu R, Xu Y, Jia J, Chen P, Zhang F, Zhang L, Chen Y. Improvement on curing performance and morphology of E5I/TPGDA mixture in a free radical-cationic hybrid photopolymerization system. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Sangermano M, Antonazzo I, Sisca L, Carello M. Photoinduced cationic frontal polymerization of epoxy–carbon fibre composites. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sangermano
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e TecnologiaPolitecnico di Torino Torino Italy
| | - Ippazio Antonazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e TecnologiaPolitecnico di Torino Torino Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sisca
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e AerospazialePolitecnico di Torino Torino Italy
| | - Massimiliana Carello
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e AerospazialePolitecnico di Torino Torino Italy
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9
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Li Q, Liu JD, Liu SS, Wang CF, Chen S. Frontal Polymerization-Oriented Self-Healing Hydrogels and Applications toward Temperature-Triggered Actuators. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Si Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cai-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Tsegay NM, Du XY, Ma K, Li Q, Wang CF, Chen S. Infrared laser-ignited horizontal frontal polymerization of versatile unsaturated polyester resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nigus Mesele Tsegay
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin Mofan Road; Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin Mofan Road; Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Kangzhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin Mofan Road; Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin Mofan Road; Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin Mofan Road; Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin Mofan Road; Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
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11
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Li Q, Wang CF, Chen S. New Multichannel Frontal Polymerization Strategy for Scaled-up Production of Robust Hydrogels. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key
Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key
Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented
Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key
Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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12
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Lecompère M, Allonas X, Maréchal D, Criqui A. Versatility of Pyrylium Salt/Vinyl Ether Initiating System for Epoxide Dual-Cure Polymerization: Kick-Starting Effect of the Coinitiator. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28117522 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Pyrylium salts combined with vinyl ethers are shown to act as new versatile dual-cure initiating systems for both photochemical and thermal initiation of oxirane monomers. The combination of both possibilities allows the curing of thick samples through photoinduced frontal polymerization. On the basis of quantum calculations and photochemical experiments, some clues are given about the reaction mechanisms involved. Interestingly, a sequential kick-starting effect is observed in the presence of vinyl ether enabling the curing of oxetane monomers. Thereby, this communication presents a short overview of potential of pyrylium salts in cationic polymerization of oxiranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Lecompère
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering, University of Haute Alsace, 3b rue Alfred Werner, 68093, Mulhouse, France
| | - Xavier Allonas
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering, University of Haute Alsace, 3b rue Alfred Werner, 68093, Mulhouse, France
| | - David Maréchal
- Mäder Research, 130 rue de la Mer Rouge, 68200, Mulhouse, France
| | - Adrien Criqui
- Mäder Research, 130 rue de la Mer Rouge, 68200, Mulhouse, France
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13
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Lecompère M, Allonas X, Maréchal D, Criqui A. Mechanistic approach to a photochemical/thermal dual-cure initiating system based on pyrylium salt–hydroperoxide for epoxide cationic polymerization. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01741j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An initiating system based on pyrylium salts and the hydroperoxide group is a promising method to perform a dual-cure of epoxides via cationic polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lecompère
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering
- University of Haute Alsace
- 68093 Mulhouse
- France
| | - X. Allonas
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering
- University of Haute Alsace
- 68093 Mulhouse
- France
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Ho GM, Li YJ. Stereoselective synthesis of 2,3,4-highly substituted oxetanes by intramolecular C–C bond forming Michael addition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12108-12111. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06857j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of 2,3,3,4-tetrasubstituted oxetanes and 3-α,β-unsaturated ester substituted oxetanes were synthesized starting from vinylogous urethane derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Ming Ho
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiayi University
- Chiayi City 600
- Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center
| | - Yu-Jang Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiayi University
- Chiayi City 600
- Taiwan
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15
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Vitale P, Perna FM, Agrimi G, Scilimati A, Salomone A, Cardellicchio C, Capriati V. Asymmetric chemoenzymatic synthesis of 1,3-diols and 2,4-disubstituted aryloxetanes by using whole cell biocatalysts. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:11438-11445. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02320g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple and efficient chemoenzymatic approach for the asymmetric synthesis of 1,3-diols and 2,4-disubstituted aryloxetanes has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “A. Moro”
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S
- I-70125 Bari
- Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “A. Moro”
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S
- I-70125 Bari
- Italy
| | - Gennaro Agrimi
- Department of Biosciences
- Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics
- University of Bari “A. Moro”
- I-70125 Bari
- Italy
| | - Antonio Scilimati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “A. Moro”
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S
- I-70125 Bari
- Italy
| | - Antonio Salomone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali
- Università del Salento
- Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni
- I-73100 Lecce
- Italy
| | | | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “A. Moro”
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S
- I-70125 Bari
- Italy
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16
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Zhang W, Yang S, Wang CF, Chen S. Anisotropic Biphase Frontal Polymerization toward in Situ Generation of Dual-Component Polymers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Shengyang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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17
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Bomze D, Knaack P, Liska R. Successful radical induced cationic frontal polymerization of epoxy-based monomers by C–C labile compounds. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01451d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Successful radical induced cationic frontal polymerization of epoxy-based monomers by C–C labile compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Bomze
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - P. Knaack
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - R. Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Technische Universität Wien
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
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18
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Li Q, Zhang WC, Wang CF, Chen S. In situ access to fluorescent dual-component polymers towards optoelectronic devices via inhomogeneous biphase frontal polymerization. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19173d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent dual-component poly(AM-co-NVP) and poly(HEA-co-NVP) polymers used to generate white LEDs were in situ synthesized via laser-ignited inhomogeneous biphase frontal polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University (former: Nanjing University of Technology)
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Wan-chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University (former: Nanjing University of Technology)
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Cai-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University (former: Nanjing University of Technology)
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University (former: Nanjing University of Technology)
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
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19
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Photochemical Production of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks; Simultaneous Initiation of Radical and Cationic Polymerization Reactions. Polymers (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/polym6102588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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20
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Davis OA, Bull JA. Synthesis of di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted oxetanes by rhodium-catalyzed O-H insertion and C-C bond-forming cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:14230-4. [PMID: 25313894 PMCID: PMC4502968 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Oxetanes offer exciting potential as structural motifs and intermediates in drug discovery and materials science. Here an efficient strategy for the synthesis of oxetane rings incorporating pendant functional groups is described. A wide variety of oxetane 2,2-dicarboxylates were accessed in high yields, including functionalized 3-/4-aryl- and alkyl-substituted oxetanes and fused oxetane bicycles. Enantioenriched alcohols provided enantioenriched oxetanes with complete retention of configuration. The oxetane products were further derivatized, while the ring was maintained intact, thus highlighting their potential as building blocks for medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen A Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ (UK) http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/people/j.bull
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Davis OA, Bull JA. Synthesis of Di-, Tri-, and Tetrasubstituted Oxetanes by Rhodium-Catalyzed OH Insertion and CC Bond-Forming Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Aguirre-Soto A, Lim CH, Hwang AT, Musgrave CB, Stansbury JW. Visible-light organic photocatalysis for latent radical-initiated polymerization via 2e⁻/1H⁺ transfers: initiation with parallels to photosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7418-27. [PMID: 24786755 PMCID: PMC4046762 DOI: 10.1021/ja502441d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the latent production of free radicals from energy stored in a redox potential through a 2e(-)/1H(+) transfer process, analogous to energy harvesting in photosynthesis, using visible-light organic photoredox catalysis (photocatalysis) of methylene blue chromophore with a sacrificial sterically hindered amine reductant and an onium salt oxidant. This enables light-initiated free-radical polymerization to continue over extended time intervals (hours) in the dark after brief (seconds) low-intensity illumination and beyond the spatial reach of light by diffusion of the metastable leuco-methylene blue photoproduct. The present organic photoredox catalysis system functions via a 2e(-)/1H(+) shuttle mechanism, as opposed to the 1e(-) transfer process typical of organometallic-based and conventional organic multicomponent photoinitiator formulations. This prevents immediate formation of open-shell (radical) intermediates from the amine upon light absorption and enables the "storage" of light-energy without spontaneous initiation of the polymerization. Latent energy release and radical production are then controlled by the subsequent light-independent reaction (analogous to the Calvin cycle) between leuco-methylene blue and the onium salt oxidant that is responsible for regeneration of the organic methylene blue photocatalyst. This robust approach for photocatalysis-based energy harvesting and extended release in the dark enables temporally controlled redox initiation of polymer syntheses under low-intensity short exposure conditions and permits visible-light-mediated synthesis of polymers at least 1 order of magnitude thicker than achievable with conventional photoinitiated formulations and irradiation regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Aguirre-Soto
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, Colorado 80303, United
States
| | - Chern-Hooi Lim
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, Colorado 80303, United
States
| | - Albert T. Hwang
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, Colorado 80303, United
States
| | - Charles B. Musgrave
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, Colorado 80303, United
States
| | - Jeffrey W. Stansbury
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Ave., Boulder, Colorado 80303, United
States
- Department
of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado, 12800 East 19th Ave., Aurora, Colorado 80045, United
States
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Rouquet G, Blakemore DC, Ley SV. Highly regioselective lithiation of pyridines bearing an oxetane unit by n-butyllithium. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:8908-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03766a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hybrid free radical-cationic thermal polymerization of methylacryloylpropyl-POSS/epoxy resins nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-013-0221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Rapid preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer by frontal polymerization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:3205-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6722-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tehfe MA, Dumur F, Contal E, Graff B, Morlet-Savary F, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. New insights into radical and cationic polymerizations upon visible light exposure: role of novel photoinitiator systems based on the pyrene chromophore. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20950k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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27
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Schulte B, Dannenberg CA, Keul H, Möller M. Formation of linear and cyclic polyoxetanes in the cationic ring-opening polymerization of 3-allyloxymethyl-3-ethyloxetane and subsequent postpolymerization modification of poly(3-allyloxymethyl-3-ethyloxetane). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhou J, Tang WQ, Wang CF, Chen L, Chen Q, Chen S. In situ access to white light-emitting fluorescent polymer nanocomposites via plasma-ignited frontal polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Preparation of konjac glucomannan-based superabsorbent polymers by frontal polymerization. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 87:757-763. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Yu C, Zhou J, Wang CF, Chen L, Chen S. Rapid synthesis of poly(HPA-co
-VeoVa 10) amphiphilic gels toward removal of toxic solvents via plasma-ignited frontal polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Viner V, Pojman JA. Effects of thiols, lithium chloride, and ethoxylated monomers on the frontal polymerization of a triacrylate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Fang Y, Chen L, Wang CF, Chen S. Facile synthesis of fluorescent quantum dot-polymer nanocomposites via frontal polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Scognamillo S, Bounds C, Luger M, Mariani A, Pojman JA. Frontal cationic curing of epoxy resins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Li J, Zhang X, Chen J, Xia J, Ma M, Li B. Frontal polymerization synthesis and characterization of Konjac glucomannan-graft-acrylic acid polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sone T, Lu G, Matsunaga S, Shibasaki M. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,2-Disubstituted Oxetanes from Ketones by Using a One-Pot Sequential Addition of Sulfur Ylide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200805473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Sone T, Lu G, Matsunaga S, Shibasaki M. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,2-Disubstituted Oxetanes from Ketones by Using a One-Pot Sequential Addition of Sulfur Ylide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:1677-80. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200805473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Nason C, Pojman JA, Hoyle C. The effect of a trithiol and inorganic fillers on the photo-induced thermal frontal polymerization of a triacrylate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bertolini F, Crotti S, Bussolo VD, Macchia F, Pineschi M. Regio- and Stereoselective Ring Opening of Enantiomerically Enriched 2-Aryl Oxetanes and 2-Aryl Azetidines with Aryl Borates. J Org Chem 2008; 73:8998-9007. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801568a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ferruccio Bertolini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Crotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Bussolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Franco Macchia
- Dipartimento di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Pineschi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Cai X, Chen S, Chen L. Solvent-free free-radical frontal polymerization: A new approach to quickly synthesize poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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