1
|
Cavallo V, Pruvost S, Gerard JF, Fina A. Dispersion of Cellulose Nanofibers in Methacrylate-Based Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3226. [PMID: 37571119 PMCID: PMC10421470 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(methylmethacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (PMMA-co-MAA) polymers were prepared via cobalt-mediated free radical copolymerization and were characterized after synthesis. The synthesis led to a 98.5% conversion and a final ratio between the two units, MMA/MAA, was equal to 63:37 mol%. PMMA-co-MAA was then used as a matrix for cellulose-based nanocomposites to tailor filler compatibility, thanks to the presence of carboxylic groups capable of generating strong H-bonds with the cellulose surface. Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were dispersed using a solution with a mixture of two solvents to tailor compatibility of both the components. For this purpose, CNFs were successfully re-dispersed in methanol using the solvent exchange method and tetrahydrofuran/methanol mixtures at different ratios were used for the preparation of the films. Fully transparent films of PMMA-co-MAA + CNF were prepared up to 15 wt% of CNF with a good dispersion in the matrix. This dispersion state leads to the reinforcement of the polymethacrylate matrix, increasing its tensile strength whilst preserving optical transparency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cavallo
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CEDEX, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; (V.C.); (S.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, V.le Teresa Michel, 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Sébastien Pruvost
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CEDEX, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; (V.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Jean-François Gerard
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, CEDEX, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France; (V.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Alberto Fina
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, V.le Teresa Michel, 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou D, Zhu LW, Wu BH, Xu ZK, Wan LS. End-functionalized polymers by controlled/living radical polymerizations: synthesis and applications. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01252e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on end-functionalized polymers synthesized by controlled/living radical polymerizations and the applications in fields including bioconjugate formation, surface modification, topology construction, and self-assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liang-Wei Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bai-Heng Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhi-Kang Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ling-Shu Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, MOE Engineering Research Center of Membrane and Water Treatment Technology, and Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Copper(II) complexes containing N′-aromatic group substituted N,N′,N-bis((3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)amines: Synthesis, structures, polymerization of methyl methacrylate and ring opening polymerization of rac-lactide. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
4
|
Fang C, Fantin M, Pan X, de Fiebre K, Coote ML, Matyjaszewski K, Liu P. Mechanistically Guided Predictive Models for Ligand and Initiator Effects in Copper-Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (Cu-ATRP). J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7486-7497. [PMID: 30977644 PMCID: PMC6634993 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (Cu-ATRP) is one of the most widely used controlled radical polymerization techniques. Notwithstanding the extensive mechanistic studies in the literature, the transition states of the activation/deactivation of the growing polymer chain, a key equilibrium in Cu-ATRP, have not been investigated computationally. Therefore, the understanding of the origin of ligand and initiator effects on the rates of activation/deactivation is still limited. Here, we present the first computational analysis of Cu-ATRP activation transition states to reveal factors that affect the rates of activation and deactivation. The Br atom transfer between the polymer chain and the Cu catalyst occurs through an unusual bent geometry that involves pronounced interactions between the polymer chain end and the ancillary ligand on the Cu catalyst. Therefore, the rates of activation/deactivation are determined by both the electronic properties of the Cu catalyst and the ligand-initiator steric repulsions. In addition, our calculations revealed the important role of ligand backbone flexibility on the activation. These theoretical analyses led to the identification of three chemically meaningful descriptors, namely HOMO energy of the catalyst ( EHOMO), percent buried volume ( Vbur%), and distortion energy of the catalyst (Δ Edist), to describe the electronic, steric, and flexibility effects on reactivity, respectively. A robust and simple predictive model for ligand effect on reactivity is thereby established by correlating these three descriptors with experimental activation rate constants using multivariate linear regression. Validation using a structurally diverse set of ligands revealed the average error is less than ±2 kcal/mol compared to the experimentally derived activation energies. The same approach was also applied to develop a predictive model for reactivity of different alkyl halide initiators using R-X bond dissociation energy (BDE) and Cu-X halogenophilicity as descriptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, United States
- Computational Modeling & Simulation Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, United States
| | - Marco Fantin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States
| | - Xiangcheng Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States
| | - Kurt de Fiebre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, United States
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, United States
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Redox-coupled structural changes in copper chemistry: Implications for atom transfer catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
6
|
Pearson S, St Thomas C, Guerrero-Santos R, D'Agosto F. Opportunities for dual RDRP agents in synthesizing novel polymeric materials. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00344g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dual RDRP agents provide access to new polymeric materials by combining ATRP, NMP, and RAFT polymerization without end group transformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Pearson
- Équipe EPCP
- IPREM UMR 5254
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)
- 64053 Pau
- France
| | - Claude St Thomas
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA)
- Polymer Synthesis Department
- Coahuila
- México
| | - Ramiro Guerrero-Santos
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA)
- Polymer Synthesis Department
- Coahuila
- México
| | - Franck D'Agosto
- Univ Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- CPE Lyon
- CNRS
- UMR 5265
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymers respond to a variety of external stimuli, which include optical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, redox, pH, chemical, environmental and biological signals. This paper is concerned with the process of forming such polymers by RAFT polymerization.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zheng Z, Wang W, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Zhu X. Manganese(iii) acetylacetonate initiated RAFT polymerizations: an alternative and versatile RAFT initiator. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00879g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Manganese(iii) acetylacetonate (Mn(acac)3) was demonstrated to be a versatile and superior RAFT initiator for different kinds of monomers, RAFT agents and noticeably, for a wide range of temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigui Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bai L, Zhang L, Pan J, Zhu J, Cheng Z, Zhu X. Developing a Synthetic Approach with Thermoregulated Phase-Transfer Catalysis: Facile Access to Metal-Mediated Living Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate in Aqueous/Organic Biphasic System. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangjiu Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer
Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lifen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer
Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jinlong Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer
Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer
Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhenping Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer
Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer
Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bagchi V, Raptopoulos G, Das P, Christodoulou S, Wang Q, Ai L, Choudhury A, Pitsikalis M, Paraskevopoulou P, Stavropoulos P. Synthesis and characterization of a family of Co(II) triphenylamido-amine complexes and catalytic activity in controlled radical polymerization of olefins. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
Pan J, Zhang L, Bai L, Zhang Z, Chen H, Cheng Z, Zhu X. Atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate with a thermo-responsive ligand: construction of thermoregulated phase-transfer catalysis in an aqueous–organic biphasic system. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00111c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
12
|
Pan J, Miao J, Zhang L, Si Z, Zhang C, Cheng Z, Zhu X. Iron-mediated (dual) concurrent ATRP–RAFT polymerization of water-soluble poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00671a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
13
|
Nicolaÿ R, Kwak Y. ATRP with Alkyl Pseudohalides Acting as Initiators and Chain Transfer Agents: When ATRP and RAFT Polymerization Become One. Isr J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
14
|
Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Wang W, Zhu J, Cheng Z, Zhou N, Zhang W, Zhu X. SET-RAFT of MMA mediated by ascorbic acid-activated copper oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.25910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
15
|
Moad G, Rizzardo E, Thang SH. End-functional polymers, thiocarbonylthio group removal/transformation and reversible addition-fragmentation-chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. POLYM INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
16
|
Zhang Z, Wang W, Cheng Z, Zhu J, Zhou N, Yang Y, Tu Y, Zhu X. Zero-valent Iron/RAFT Agent-Mediated Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate at Ambient Temperature. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101379r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbiao Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhenping Cheng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Nianchen Zhou
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yonggang Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
|
19
|
Zhang W, Yan Y, Zhu X, Qiu Y, Cheng Z, Zhu J, Zhang Z. Chlorodithiocarbamate-Mediated RAFT Polymerization: A Novel Synthetic Method for ATRP Macroinitiators. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.200900056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
20
|
Seo M, Shin S, Ku S, Jin S, Kim JB, Ree M, Kim SY. Surface-independent vertical orientation of cylindrical microdomains in block copolymer thin films directed by comb-coil architecture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b914941d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
21
|
Zhang W, Zhang W, Zhu J, Zhang Z, Zhu X. Controlled synthesis of pH-responsive amphiphilic A2B2miktoarm star block copolymer by combination of SET-LRP and RAFT polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
22
|
Zhang Z, Wang W, Xia H, Zhu J, Zhang W, Zhu X. Single-Electron Transfer Living Radical Polymerization (SET−LRP) of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) with a Typical RAFT Agent as an Initiator. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901064h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbiao Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Hongda Xia
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao X, Yu Y, Xu S, Wang B. Controlled/“living” radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate catalyzed by CpCo(I) complexes conveniently generated from cobaltocene in situ. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
24
|
Luo X, Zhao X, Xu S, Wang B. The exo-substituted η4-cyclopentadiene CpCo(I) complexes: A new kind of ATRP catalysts and the actual catalyst for the cobaltocene-catalyzed ATRP. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
25
|
Petruczok CD, Barlow RF, Shipp DA. Synthesis of poly(
tert
‐butyl acrylate‐
block
‐vinyl acetate) copolymers by combining ATRP and RAFT polymerizations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christy D. Petruczok
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, and Center for Advanced Materials Processing, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699‐5810
| | - Richard F. Barlow
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, and Center for Advanced Materials Processing, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699‐5810
| | - Devon A. Shipp
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, and Center for Advanced Materials Processing, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699‐5810
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
|