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Core-Shell Morphology of Redispersible Powders in Polymer-Cement Waterproof Mortars. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10101122. [PMID: 30961046 PMCID: PMC6403678 DOI: 10.3390/polym10101122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Redispersible powders based on soft core-hard shell polymer particles can be used as additives in polymer-cement mortars. The role of this morphology on the spray-drying production of these powders and on the crack-bridging properties of the corresponding cement-based membranes is investigated. Different polymer latexes at high solid content with varied core-shell ratio, shell thickness and chemical composition (hardness) were prepared from styrene and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate monomers via semi-batch emulsion polymerization. The latexes were characterized in terms of size, composition, and glass transition temperature (T g ), and spray-dried to obtain redispersible polymer powders (RPPs) using poly (vinyl alcohol) and limestone powder as anti-caking agents. The polymer powders were mixed with a mortar mixture and redispersed in water to produce cement-based membranes, which were tested for crack-bridging properties at different temperatures. The results showed that it was not possible to spray-dry a dispersion of homogeneous polymer particles with T g of -25 ∘ C, unless these particles are protected by much harder (high T g ) shell. In particular, it was observed that a thicker shell improved the spray-ability, but lowered the crack-bridging properties of the produced membrane. A trade-off between these two was revealed to be the key for the optimal design of the polymer nanoparticles, as proven by the systematic study of the core-shell morphology reported in this work. The best compromise was shown to consist of particles larger than 300 nm, shell thickness of about 5 nm, and core-shell ratio of 97%, with styrene content in the shell not larger than 80% to avoid excessive hydrophobicity.
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Ezaki N, Watanabe Y, Mori H. Dye-containing nonaqueous dispersions derived from methanol-soluble polymers stabilized by block-random copolymer surfactant. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Ezaki
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Organic Device Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Yamagata University; 4-3-16, Jonan Yonezawa 992-8510 Japan
- RISO KAGAKU CORPORATION; 2-8-1 Gakuen-minami Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0818 Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Watanabe
- RISO KAGAKU CORPORATION; 2-8-1 Gakuen-minami Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0818 Japan
| | - Hideharu Mori
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Organic Device Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering; Yamagata University; 4-3-16, Jonan Yonezawa 992-8510 Japan
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Jansen TGT, Meuldijk J, Lovell PA, van Herk AM. On the Reaction Characteristics of Miniemulsion Polymerization with Aqueous Phase Initiation - Experiments and Modeling. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201400025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom G. T. Jansen
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor Engineering/Polymer Reaction Engineering; Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry; Postbus 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Jan Meuldijk
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor Engineering/Polymer Reaction Engineering; Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry; Postbus 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Peter A. Lovell
- Materials Science Centre; The University of Manchester; Grosvenor Street Manchester M1 7HS UK
| | - Alex M. van Herk
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences; 1 Pesek Road Jurong Island 627833 Singapore Singapore
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Steinmacher FR, Araújo PHH, Sayer C. Incorporation of high oil content in polyvinyl acetate nanoparticles produced by batch miniemulsion polymerization stabilized with a polymeric stabilizer. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Regina Steinmacher
- Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering Department; CTC, Federal University of Santa Catarina; 88010-970 Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Hermes Araújo
- Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering Department; CTC, Federal University of Santa Catarina; 88010-970 Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Claudia Sayer
- Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering Department; CTC, Federal University of Santa Catarina; 88010-970 Florianópolis SC Brazil
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Agirre A, Calvo I, Weitzel HP, Hergeth WD, Asua JM. Semicontinuous Emulsion Co-polymerization of Vinyl Acetate and VeoVa10. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4032499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Agirre
- POLYMAT and
Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta zentroa, Tolosa
etorbidea 72, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Iñigo Calvo
- POLYMAT and
Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta zentroa, Tolosa
etorbidea 72, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Oribay Mirror Buttons S.L. R&D Department, Portuetxe bidea 18, Donostia-San Sebastian 20018, Spain
| | | | | | - José M. Asua
- POLYMAT and
Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta zentroa, Tolosa
etorbidea 72, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
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Bonnefond A, Reyes Y, Peruzzo P, Ronne E, Fare J, Paulis M, Leiza JR. Effect of the Incorporation of Modified Silicas on the Final Properties of Wood Adhesives. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201300117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Bonnefond
- Kimika Aplikatua saila, Kimika Zientzien Fakultatea; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa; Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018; Donostia-San Sebastián; Spain
| | - Yury Reyes
- Kimika Aplikatua saila, Kimika Zientzien Fakultatea; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa; Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018; Donostia-San Sebastián; Spain
| | - Pablo Peruzzo
- Kimika Aplikatua saila, Kimika Zientzien Fakultatea; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa; Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018; Donostia-San Sebastián; Spain
| | - Erik Ronne
- AkzoNobel; Sickla Industriväg 6, SE-131 34; Nacka; Sweden
| | - Joanna Fare
- AkzoNobel; Sickla Industriväg 6, SE-131 34; Nacka; Sweden
| | - Maria Paulis
- Kimika Aplikatua saila, Kimika Zientzien Fakultatea; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa; Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018; Donostia-San Sebastián; Spain
| | - Jose Ramon Leiza
- Kimika Aplikatua saila, Kimika Zientzien Fakultatea; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa; Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018; Donostia-San Sebastián; Spain
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Reyes Y, Peruzzo PJ, Fernández M, Paulis M, Leiza JR. Encapsulation of clay within polymer particles in a high-solids content aqueous dispersion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:9849-9856. [PMID: 23883443 DOI: 10.1021/la401301s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
By using a two-step polymerization process, it was possible to encapsulate clay platelets within polymer particles dispersed in water. First, seed polymer particles with chemically bonded clay were obtained by batch miniemulsion polymerization. Then, the clay was buried within the particles by the addition of neat monomer in a second step. The final stable dispersions can have a solids content of up to 50 wt %. Transmission electron microscopy images clearly show the presence of clay platelets inside the polymer colloids, although they are not totally exfoliated. The obtained nanocomposites showed an increase in both the storage modulus in the rubbery state and the water resistance as the clay content increases. The approach presented here might be useful for encapsulating other high-aspect ratio nanofillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Reyes
- POLYMAT, Kimika Aplikatua Saila, Kimika Zientzien Fakultatea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Zentroa, Tolosa Hiribidea 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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Hecht LL, Schoth A, Muñoz-Espí R, Javadi A, Köhler K, Miller R, Landfester K, Schuchmann HP. Determination of the Ideal Surfactant Concentration in Miniemulsion Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hordy N, McKenna TFL. A continuous tubular reactor for core-shell latex particles. CAN J CHEM ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.20562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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van den Dungen ETA, Klumperman B. Synthesis of liquid-filled nanocapsules via the miniemulsion technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Durand A, Marie E. Macromolecular surfactants for miniemulsion polymerization. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 150:90-105. [PMID: 19660729 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of polymeric surfactants as stabilizers in miniemulsion polymerization was reviewed. The structural characteristics of reported polymeric surfactants were detailed and compared. The concept of multi-functional polymeric surfactants was evidenced. The specificities brought by polymeric surfactants in the process of miniemulsion polymerization in comparison to molecular surfactants were analysed for the stability of the initial monomer emulsion, polymerization kinetics and characteristics of the obtained latexes. The contribution of polymeric surfactants to the control of the characteristics of the obtained nanoparticles was detailed with regard to the nature of the core material and to the surface coverage. Polymeric surfactants can be seen as powerful tools for the design of original nanoparticles. On the basis of the available data, possible research topics are suggested.
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Bohórquez SJ, Asua JM. Poly(vinyl alcohol) Grafting in Miniemulsion Polymerization. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801476e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silfredo J. Bohórquez
- Institute for Polymer Materials, POLYMAT, Departamento de Quimica Aplicada, The University of the Basque Country, Centro Joxe Mari Korta, Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - José M. Asua
- Institute for Polymer Materials, POLYMAT, Departamento de Quimica Aplicada, The University of the Basque Country, Centro Joxe Mari Korta, Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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