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Zhao X, Zhang Y, Chen L, Ma Z, Zhang B. Chitosan-thymol nanoparticle with pH responsiveness as a potential intelligent botanical fungicide against Botrytis cinerea. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 195:105571. [PMID: 37666600 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The practical application of essential oils (EOs) as an alternative for synthetic pesticides in agricultural production is severely limited because of their instability, high volatility, and water insolubility. Nanoencapsulation of EOs is an important strategy to overcome these limitations. In view of this, this study aimed to develop chitosan-thymol nanoparticle (NCS-Thy) with pH-responsive which can be used as an intelligent botanical fungicide to control Botrytis cinerea. The NCS-Thy nanoparticle was prepared by ionic crosslinking method with the loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of 29.87% and 41.92%, respectively. The synthesized NCS-Thy nanoparticle was further characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, transmission electron microscopy observation, and dynamic lights scattering. The results of release kinetics and antifungal activity of NCS-Thy under different pH conditions were determined. The results showed that the NCS-Thy nanoparticle had excellent pH-responsiveness and can release more thymol under acidic conditions formed by B. cinerea, thereby achieving higher antifungal effects. Therefore, compared with unencapsulated thymol, the NCS-Thy nanoparticle had higher antifungal activity against B. cinerea in vitro. In addition, both the protective and curative efficacies of detached leaf test and pot experiment were significantly higher than those of unencapsulated thymol. Among them, the protective efficacy of NCS-Thy in the pot experiment was 78.73%, which was significantly higher than that of unencapsulated thymol with 61.13%. Therefore, the pH-responsive chitosan-thymol nano-preparation had a promising prospect of application in practical management of gray mold as an intelligent botanical fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Zhiqing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
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2
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Potential Applications of Thermoresponsive Poly( N-Isoproplacrylamide)-Grafted Nylon Membranes: Effect of Grafting Yield and Architecture on Gating Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030497. [PMID: 36771798 PMCID: PMC9920928 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study illustrated the potential applications of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) grafted nylon membranes with different grafting yields and grafting architecture. The thermoresponsive gating performance at temperatures below and above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAm (32 °C) were demonstrated. The linear PNIPAm-grafted nylon membrane exhibited a sharp response over the temperature range 20-40 °C. The grafting yield of 25.5% and 21.9%, for linear and crosslinked PNIPAm respectively, exhibited highest thermoresponsive gating function for water flux and had a stable and repeatable "open-closed" switching function over 5 cycle operations. An excellent oil/water separation was obtained at T < 32 °C, at which the hydrophilic behavior was observed. The linear PNIPAm-grafted nylon membrane with 35% grafting yield had the highest separation efficiency of 99.7%, while PNIPAm structures were found to be independent of the separation efficiency. In addition, the membranes with thermoresponsive gas permeability were successfully achieved. The O2 and CO2 transmission rates through the PNIPAm-grafted nylon membranes decreased when the grafting yield increased, showing the better gas barrier property. The permeability ratio of CO2 to O2 transmission rates of both PNIPAm architectures at 25 °C and 35 °C were around 0.85 for low grafting yields, and approximately 1 for high grafting yields. Ultimately, this study demonstrated the possibility of using these thermoresponsive smart membranes in various applications.
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Egil AC, Carmignani A, Battaglini M, Sengul BS, Acar E, Ciofani G, Ozaydin Ince G. Dual stimuli-responsive nanocarriers via a facile batch emulsion method for controlled release of Rose Bengal. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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4
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López Ruiz A, Ramirez A, McEnnis K. Single and Multiple Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Particles for Controlled Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020421. [PMID: 35214153 PMCID: PMC8877485 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymers that can change their properties in response to an external or internal stimulus have become an interesting platform for drug delivery systems. Polymeric nanoparticles can be used to decrease the toxicity of drugs, improve the circulation of hydrophobic drugs, and increase a drug’s efficacy. Furthermore, polymers that are sensitive to specific stimuli can be used to achieve controlled release of drugs into specific areas of the body. This review discusses the different stimuli that can be used for controlled drug delivery based on internal and external stimuli. Internal stimuli have been defined as events that evoke changes in different characteristics, inside the body, such as changes in pH, redox potential, and temperature. External stimuli have been defined as the use of an external source such as light and ultrasound to implement such changes. Special attention has been paid to the particular chemical structures that need to be incorporated into polymers to achieve the desired stimuli response. A current trend in this field is the incorporation of several stimuli in a single polymer to achieve higher specificity. Therefore, to access the most recent advances in stimuli-responsive polymers, the focus of this review is to combine several stimuli. The combination of different stimuli is discussed along with the chemical structures that can produce it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida López Ruiz
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA;
| | - Ann Ramirez
- Biomedical Engineering Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA;
| | - Kathleen McEnnis
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA;
- Correspondence:
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5
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Koh E, Lee YT. Preparation of Ligand Brush Nanocapsules for Robust Self-Controlled Antimicrobial Activity with Low Cytotoxicity at Target pH and Humidity. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:280. [PMID: 35214011 PMCID: PMC8877937 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study prepared nanocapsules (NCs) with excellent self-controlled antimicrobial activity at pH 6-7 and humidity 45-100%, conditions in which most bacterial and fungal strains thrive. The nanocapsule substrate (NC@SiO2) was 676 nm in diameter, and the ligand-grafted capsule (NC@SiO2-g-MAA) was 888 nm. The large surface area and outer ligand brush of the NCs induced a rapid, self-controlled antibacterial response in the pH and humidity conditions needed for industrial and medical applications. Ligand-brush NCs containing an anionic antimicrobial drug had a rapid release effect because of the repellent electrostatic force and swelling properties of the ligand brushes. Controlled release of the drug was achieved at pH 6 and humidity of 45% and 100%. As many carboxylic acid groups are deprotonated into carboxylic acids at pH 5, the NC@SiO2-g-MAA had a high negative charge density. Carboxylic acid groups are anionized (-COO-) at pH 6 and above and push each other out of the capsule, expanding the outer shell as in a polymer brush to create the release behavior. The surface potential of the NC intermediate (NC@SiO2-MPS) was -23.45 [mV], and the potential of the capsule surface decreased to -36.4 [mV] when the MAA ligand brushes were grafted onto the surface of the capsule intermediate. In an antimicrobial experiment using Escherichia coli, a clear zone of 13-20 mm formed at pH 6, and the E. coli was eradicated completely at pH 6 and pH 7 when the humidity was 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Korea;
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Savage DT, Hilt JZ, Dziubla TD. Assessing the perfluoroalkyl acid-induced swelling of Förster resonance energy transfer-capable poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9799-9808. [PMID: 34661226 PMCID: PMC8889493 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00985k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a method to combat the extensive contamination of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water supplies, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels copolymerized with 2,2,2-trifluoroethylacrylate (TFEA) represent a potential sensing tool for recognizing PFAS at dilute aqueous concentrations. The microgels exhibit exceptional temperature responsiveness, transitioning from a swollen z-average diameter of 890.8 ± 19.8 nm to a collapsed diameter of 246.4 ± 10.3 nm below and above their lower critical solution temperature, respectively, for non-fluorinated gels, offering broad size fluctuations that are susceptible to coadded contaminants. Monitoring size perturbations as a function of analyte concentration, the polymers were observed to deswell in the presence of perfluorooctanoic acid, octanoic acid, phenol, and sodium 1-octane sulfonate while tetraethylammonium perfluorooctane sulfonate (TPFOS) augmented swelling. Adding up to 40 mol% TFEA to the networks lowered the concentration at which the microgels' normalized z-average diameter demonstrated a significant deviation from 0.25 mM to 0.1 mM for TPFOS, indicating fluorophilicity as a key contributor to the copolymers' associative capacity. Implanting Förster resonance energy transfer-compatible dyes, cyanine 3 and cyanine 5, into non-fluorinated microgels largely reiterated results from light scattering, as expected for the size-dependent energy transfer mechanism. Including dyes did, however, reinforce the customizability of this system, leaving windows open for functionalization with other signal transduction motifs to lower the detection limits of the polymer further. The swelling changes for PNIPAM microgels stimulated by the acidic constituents of PFAS highlight the polymer as a candidate for detecting the substances following additional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin T Savage
- University of Kentucky, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 177 F. Paul Anderson Tower, Lexington, KY 40506-0046, USA.
| | - J Zach Hilt
- University of Kentucky, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 177 F. Paul Anderson Tower, Lexington, KY 40506-0046, USA.
| | - Thomas D Dziubla
- University of Kentucky, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 177 F. Paul Anderson Tower, Lexington, KY 40506-0046, USA.
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Kalhapure RS, Renukuntla J. Thermo- and pH dual responsive polymeric micelles and nanoparticles. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 295:20-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Esquivel R, Canale I, Ramirez M, Hernández P, Zavala-Rivera P, Álvarez-Ramos E, Lucero-Acuña A. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-coated gold nanorods mediated by thiolated chitosan layer: thermo-pH responsiveness and optical properties. E-POLYMERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2017-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA core-shell of colloidal metal-responsive polymer provides an innovative model in functional materials. These core-shell nanocomposites offer the possibility to control some properties, such as particle size, surface plasmon resonance and morphology. In this research, we demonstrate the successful synthesis and functionality of gold nanorods (GNR) coated with the polymers chitosan (Ch) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). The polymer coatings are performed using a two-step method. First, GNR were coated with a thiolated chitosan (GNR-Ch) by replacing hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide with a chitosan thiomer. Structural modification of GNR-Ch was monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Then a second polymeric coating was done by in situ free radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) on GNR-Ch to obtain the nanocomposite GNR-Ch-PNIPAM. The nanocomposite average size was analyzed by dynamic light scattering. The evolution of ζ potentials during the coatings was measured using electrophoretic mobility. GNR-Ch-PNIPAM presented a collapsed structure when heated above the lower critical solution temperature. The particle size of GNR-Ch-PNIPAM was manipulated by changing the pH. Plasmonic properties were evaluated by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Results showed an important blue shift due to the PNIPAM coating thickness. Thermo- and pH-responsive properties of the nanocomposite GNR-Ch-PNIPAM could be used as a drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reynaldo Esquivel
- Nanotechnology Graduate Program, Department of Physics, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
- National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, 03940, Mexico
| | - Iván Canale
- Nanotechnology Graduate Program, Department of Physics, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Maricela Ramirez
- General Hospital, National Medical Center “La Raza”, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pedro Hernández
- Nanotechnology Graduate Program, Department of Physics, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Paul Zavala-Rivera
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico, Tel.: +52-662-259-2105
| | - Enrique Álvarez-Ramos
- Nanotechnology Graduate Program, Department of Physics, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Armando Lucero-Acuña
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico, Tel.: +52-662-259-2105
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9
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Park Y, Hashimoto C, Ozaki Y, Jung YM. Understanding the phase transition of linear poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel under the heating and cooling processes. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Novel pH-sensitive blend microspheres for controlled release of nifedipine – An antihypertensive drug. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 75:505-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Qin Y, Chen J, Bi Y, Xu X, Zhou H, Gao J, Hu Y, Zhao Y, Chai Z. Near-infrared light remote-controlled intracellular anti-cancer drug delivery using thermo/pH sensitive nanovehicle. Acta Biomater 2015; 17:201-9. [PMID: 25644449 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems have been developed to enhance the tumor-targeting drug transportation and minimize the severe side effects along with the chemotherapy. In this study, a near-infrared (NIR) light triggered drug delivery system was developed based on the amphiphilic chitosan derivative-coated single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNT) encapsulated in the thermo/pH sensitive nanogel (CS/PNIPAAm@CNT). The PEG diacrylate (Mw = 250 Da) was applied in the present work to tune the nanoparticles with the phase transition temperature at ∼ 38 °C, which was an attempt to match the prerequisite for the in vivo applications. Owing to the π-π stacking, hydrophobic interaction and the opportunity of Schiff-base formation between chitosan and doxorubicin (DOX), the nanoparticles possessed a relative high drug loading capacity (∼ 43%). The DOX loaded CS/PNIPAAm@CNT released DOX faster at 40 °C than at 25 °C, meanwhile faster at pH 5.0 in comparison with that at pH 7.4. Moreover, the rapid and repetitive release of DOX was observed when the DOX-loaded CS/PNIPAAm@CNT was irradiated under NIR light. Furthermore, DOX-loaded CS/PNIPAAm@CNT upon NIR irradiation showed significantly greater cytotoxicity in HeLa cells owing to NIR-triggered increase in temperature and enhanced DOX release. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was utilized to demonstrate the enhanced cell uptake of the as prepared nanoparticles and the faster drug release under the NIR irradiation and lower pH. All the results suggest that multifunctional DOX-loaded CS/PNIPAAm@CNT nanocomposite is a promising therapeutic nanocarrier for intracellular drug delivery with great potential for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Qin
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Ying Bi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jimin Gao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yi Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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12
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Haller PD, Gupta M. Synthesis of Polymer Nanoparticles via Vapor Phase Deposition onto Liquid Substrates. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:2000-4. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D. Haller
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; University of Southern California; 925 Bloom Walk Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Malancha Gupta
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; University of Southern California; 925 Bloom Walk Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
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13
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Qi M, Li G, Yu N, Meng Y, Liu X. Synthesis of thermo-sensitive polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles from CS-g-PNIPAM and SA-g-PNIPAM for controlled drug release. Macromol Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-014-2134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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15
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pH-sensitive polyelectrolyte complex micelles assembled from CS-g-PNIPAM and ALG-g-P(NIPAM-co-NVP) for drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 62:203-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Haller PD, Bradley LC, Gupta M. Effect of surface tension, viscosity, and process conditions on polymer morphology deposited at the liquid-vapor interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:11640-5. [PMID: 24007385 DOI: 10.1021/la402538e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We have observed that the vapor-phase deposition of polymers onto liquid substrates can result in the formation of polymer films or particles at the liquid-vapor interface. In this study, we demonstrate the relationship between the polymer morphology at the liquid-vapor interface and the surface tension interaction between the liquid and polymer, the liquid viscosity, the deposition rate, and the deposition time. We show that the thermodynamically stable morphology is determined by the surface tension interaction between the liquid and the polymer. Stable polymer films form when it is energetically favorable for the polymer to spread over the surface of the liquid, whereas polymer particles form when it is energetically favorable for the polymer to aggregate. For systems that do not strongly favor spreading or aggregation, we observe that the initial morphology depends on the deposition rate. Particles form at low deposition rates, whereas unstable films form at high deposition rates. We also observe a transition from particle formation to unstable film formation when we increase the viscosity of the liquid or increase the deposition time. Our results provide a fundamental understanding about polymer growth at the liquid-vapor interface and can offer insight into the growth of other materials on liquid surfaces. The ability to systematically tune morphology can enable the production of particles for applications in photonics, electronics, and drug delivery and films for applications in sensing and separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D Haller
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California, 90089, United States
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17
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Park Y, Hashimoto C, Hashimoto T, Hirokawa Y, Jung YM, Ozaki Y. Reaction-Induced Self-Assembly of Gel Structure: A New Insight into Chemical Gelation Process of N-Isopropylacrylamide as Studied by Two-Dimensional Infrared Correlation Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma400457e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeonju Park
- Department of Chemistry and Institute
for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo
669-1337, Japan
| | - Chihiro Hashimoto
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo
669-1337, Japan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Niihama National College of Technology, 7-1 Yakumo, Niihama, Ehime 792-5850,
Japan
| | - Takeji Hashimoto
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo
669-1337, Japan
- Quantum Beam Science
Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency,Tokai-mura, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Hirokawa
- School of Engineering, Department of Materials Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho,
Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| | - Young Mee Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Institute
for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo
669-1337, Japan
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18
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Wang A, Gao H, Sun Y, Sun YL, Yang YW, Wu G, Wang Y, Fan Y, Ma J. Temperature- and pH-responsive nanoparticles of biocompatible polyurethanes for doxorubicin delivery. Int J Pharm 2013; 441:30-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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19
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Synthesis of thermo-sensitive CS-g-PNIPAM/CMC complex nanoparticles for controlled release of 5-FU. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:1109-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Li G, Guo L, Chang X, Yang M. Thermo-sensitive chitosan based semi-IPN hydrogels for high loading and sustained release of anionic drugs. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:899-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Tietze R, Lyer S, Dürr S, Alexiou C. Nanoparticles for cancer therapy using magnetic forces. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:447-57. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The term ‘nanomedicine’ refers to the use of nanotechnology in the treatment, diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. Magnetic drug targeting is a particularly promising application in this field. The goal of the carrier systems involved is to achieve active enrichment of effective substances in diseased tissue. Numerous nanosystems can be used as carriers, but magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are particularly important. On the one hand, the particles serve as carriers for the active substance, while on the other hand they can also be visualized using conventional imaging techniques and can therefore be used for ‘theranostic’ purposes. They can also be used in hyperthermia, another important pillar of nanomedicine. Both procedures are intended to lead to specific forms of treatment, which is of medical and economic relevance in view of the increasing numbers of cancer patients worldwide. This study offers a brief overview of current developments in medical applications for magnetic nanoparticles in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Tietze
- Department of Oto-rhino-laryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Erlangen University Hospital, Section for Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine (Else Kröner–Fresenius-Stiftungsprofessur), Glückstrasse 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Lyer
- Department of Oto-rhino-laryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Erlangen University Hospital, Section for Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine (Else Kröner–Fresenius-Stiftungsprofessur), Glückstrasse 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Dürr
- Department of Oto-rhino-laryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Erlangen University Hospital, Section for Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine (Else Kröner–Fresenius-Stiftungsprofessur), Glückstrasse 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Oto-rhino-laryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Erlangen University Hospital, Section for Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine (Else Kröner–Fresenius-Stiftungsprofessur), Glückstrasse 10, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Spizzirri UG, Iemma F, Cirillo G, Altimari I, Puoci F, Picci N. Temperature-sensitive hydrogels by graft polymerization of chitosan and N-isopropylacrylamide for drug release. Pharm Dev Technol 2011; 18:1026-34. [PMID: 22200242 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2011.644298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Thermo-responsive polysaccharidic hydrogels were designed and synthesized by a free radical induced grafting procedure. Chitosan was chosen as biopolymer to impart biocompatibility and biodegradability to the macromolecular systems, while N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) was selected as co-monomer responsive for the thermo-sensitive properties. Ammonium persulfate was the initiator system and different polymeric networks have been synthesized by modulating the amount of NIPAAm in the polymerization feed. The resulting hydrogels were proposed as drug delivery devices and their performance was evaluated by using Diclofenac sodium salt as a model drug. Hydrogels were carefully characterized by FT-IR spectrophotometry, calorimetric analyses and swelling behavior in a temperature range of 15-45°C. Finally, to verify the suitability of these hydrogels as thermo-responsive devices, the drug release profiles were studied performing in vitro experiments around the swelling-shrinking transition temperatures of the macromolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umile Gianfranco Spizzirri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, Rende (CS), Italy
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Yoo JW, Doshi N, Mitragotri S. Adaptive micro and nanoparticles: temporal control over carrier properties to facilitate drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:1247-56. [PMID: 21605607 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have led to significant advances in understanding the impact of key drug carrier properties such as size, surface chemistry and shape on their performance. Converting this knowledge into improved therapeutic outcomes, however, has proved challenging. This owes to the fact that successful drug delivery carriers have to navigate through multiple physiological hurdles including reticuloendothelial system (RES) clearance, target accumulation, intracellular uptake and endosomal escape. Each of these processes may require unique, and often conflicting, design parameters, thus making it difficult to choose a design that addresses all these hurdles. This challenge can be addressed by designing carriers whose properties can be changed in time so as to successfully navigate them through various biological hurdles. Several carriers have been reported that implement this strategy. This review will discuss the current status and future prospects of this emerging field of "adaptive micro and nanoparticles".
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24
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Synthesis and self-assembly of a hydrophilic, thermo-responsive poly(ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether-block-poly(acrylic acid)-block-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) copolymer to form micelles for drug delivery. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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25
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[Nanomedicine : Magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery and hyperthermia - new chances for cancer therapy]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2011; 53:839-45. [PMID: 20700784 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-010-1097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The application of nanotechnology for the treatment, diagnosis, and monitoring of illnesses is summarized under the term nanomedicine. A particularly promising application is attributed to nanoparticular drug delivery systems. The goal of these new carrier systems is the selective enrichment of active substances in diseased tissue structures, an increase in bioavailability, the decrease of the active substance degradation and, above all, the reduction and/or avoidance of unwanted side effects. Apart from numerous nanosystems acting as carriers, the use of iron oxide nanoparticles has to be particularly emphasized. On the one hand, those particles are the carriers of the active substance and, on the other hand, can also be visualized with conventional imaging techniques (x-ray tomography, magnetic resonance imaging), called theranostic. In addition, they can be used for hyperthermia, another important supporting pillar of nanomedicine. Both procedures should lead to a personalized and goal-oriented therapy, which is of special medical and socioeconomic importance in view of the increasing number of cancer patients worldwide.
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26
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Pang Y, Zhu Q, Zhou D, Liu J, Chen Y, Su Y, Yan D, Zhu X, Zhu B. Synthesis of backbone thermo and pH dual-responsive hyperbranched poly(amine-ether)s through proton-transfer polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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27
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Foster EJ, Berda EB, Meijer EW. Tuning the size of supramolecular single-chain polymer nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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28
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Don TM, Chou SC, Cheng LP, Tai HY. Cellular compatibility of copolymer hydrogels based on site-selectively-modified chitosan with poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide). J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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29
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Chuang CY, Don TM, Chiu WY. Synthesis and characterization of stimuli-responsive porous/hollow nanoparticles by self-assembly of chitosan-based graft copolymers and application in drug release. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Spizzirri UG, Iemma F, Puoci F, Xue F, Gao W, Cirillo G, Curcio M, Parisi OI, Picci N. Synthesis of hydrophilic microspheres with LCST close to body temperature for controlled dual-sensitive drug release. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Dragan ES, Cazacu M, Nistor A. Ionic organic/inorganic materials. III. Stimuli responsive hybrid hydrogels based on oligo(N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate) and chloroalkyl-functionalized siloxanes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Chuang CY, Don TM, Chiu WY. Synthesis of chitosan-based thermo- and pH-responsive porous nanoparticles by temperature-dependent self-assembly method and their application in drug release. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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