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Muzzalupo I, Badolati G, Chiappetta A, Picci N, Muzzalupo R. In vitro Antifungal Activity of Olive ( Olea europaea) Leaf Extracts Loaded in Chitosan Nanoparticles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:151. [PMID: 32195234 PMCID: PMC7062645 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive leaf extract is characterized by a high content of phenols and flavonoids (oleuropein, luteolin, and their derivatives). These compounds are defined as secondary metabolites and exert such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. We investigated the in vitro antifungal activity of two olive leaf extracts (named EF1 and EF2) against a Fusarium proliferatum (AACC0215) strain that causes diseases to many economically important plants and synthesizing diverse mycotoxins. In this work, we aimed to identify the most appropriate concentration between the tested two olive leaf extracts to develop a safe, stable and efficient drug delivery system. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the two olive leaf extracts by (HPLC) were performed. Furthermore, we also evaluated the antifungal effects of the two leaf extracts when encapsulated in chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles. The major compound in both EF1 and EF2 was oleuropein, with 336 and 603 mg/g, respectively, however, high concentrations of flavonoid were also present. EF1 and EF2 showed a concentration depended effect on F. proliferatum (AACC0215) viability. Our results showed a great efficacy of EF1/nanoparticles at the higher concentration tested (12X) against the target species. In this case, we observed an inhibition rate to both germination and growth of 87.96 and 58.13%, respectively. We suggest that EF1 olive leaf extracts, as free or encapsulated in chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles, could be used as fungicides to control plant diseases. Finally, future application of these findings may allow to reduce the dosage of fungicides potentially harmful to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocenzo Muzzalupo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione - Universitá della Calabria (DFSSN-UNICAL), Ed. Polifunzionale, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Rende, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca Olivicoltura, Frutticoltura, Agrumicoltura, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA-OFA), Rende, Italy
| | - Giuliana Badolati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione - Universitá della Calabria (DFSSN-UNICAL), Ed. Polifunzionale, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Rende, Italy
| | - Adriana Chiappetta
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienza della Terra, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Nevio Picci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione - Universitá della Calabria (DFSSN-UNICAL), Ed. Polifunzionale, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Rende, Italy
| | - Rita Muzzalupo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione - Universitá della Calabria (DFSSN-UNICAL), Ed. Polifunzionale, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Rende, Italy
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Cassano R, Di Gioia ML, Mellace S, Picci N, Trombino S. Hemostatic gauze based on chitosan and hydroquinone: preparation, characterization and blood coagulation evaluation. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2017; 28:190. [PMID: 29116465 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-6000-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This work concerns on the preparation and performance evaluation of a new chitosan hydroquinone based gauze for hemostatic use. Chitosan and hydroquinone were firstly connected by etherification and then linked to the pre-carboxylate gauze. The functionalized material and the chitosan-hydroquinone ether were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). FT-IR results showed that an esterification occurred on carboxylic group of the gauze. The gauze functionalization degree was also evaluated by volumetric analysis. The ether hydroquinone content was obtained by the Folin test. Moreover, the linkage between hydroquinone and chitosan was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The hemostatic activity of functionalized gauze was evaluated by dynamic blood clotting assays. The obtained results showed that the prepared material can shorten the blood clotting time and induce the adhesion and activation of platelets. Finally, swelling characteristic of the new gauze was evaluated to confirm its high capacity to absorb the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cassano
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, 87036, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Di Gioia
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, 87036, Italy
| | - Silvia Mellace
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, 87036, Italy
| | - Nevio Picci
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, 87036, Italy
| | - Sonia Trombino
- Department of Pharmacy and Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, 87036, Italy
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Cassano R, Nicoletta FP, Mellace S, Grande F, Picci N, Trombino S. Liquid crystalline microspheres for 5-fluorouracil specific release. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tavano L, Mauro L, Naimo GD, Bruno L, Picci N, Andò S, Muzzalupo R. Further Evolution of Multifunctional Niosomes Based on Pluronic Surfactant: Dual Active Targeting and Drug Combination Properties. Langmuir 2016; 32:8926-33. [PMID: 27504856 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The loading of chemotherapics into smart nanocarriers that simultaneously possess more than one useful property for specifically targeting a tumor site improves their therapeutic effectiveness, reducing their side effects. Hence, we proposed a combined approach for the treatment of human breast cancer (BC) consisting of the co-encapsulation of doxorubicin and curcumin or doxorubicin and quercetin into multifunctional niosomes, which results in prolonged blood circulation and an ability to spontaneously accumulate at the tumor site (passive target) and to recognize and bind the tumor cells through dual ligand-receptor interactions (active target). The drug-loaded vesicles showed high stability and good capability of loading doxorubicin and antioxidants alone or in combination. Their diameter was around 400 nm. The drugs released from the vesicles were found to be controlled and sustained for over 24 h, with a strong dependence on the co-presence of the loaded molecules. Transferrin and/or folic acid were conjugated on the external surface of the niosomes as ligands, considerably improving the cellular uptake into MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 malignant cells when compared with the uptake of nonconjugated samples. In vitro evaluation of anticancer activity demonstrated the strong potential of niosomes loaded with a doxorubicin/curcumin combination as useful devices in breast tumor treatment. These features hold great promise for the development of multifunctional devices that combine several advantages such as biocompatibility, stealth properties, loading capability, and active targeting, moving toward the development of more specific and efficient carriers for personalized tumoral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Tavano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences and ‡Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria , Via Pietro Bucci, Ed. Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Loredana Mauro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences and ‡Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria , Via Pietro Bucci, Ed. Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Daniela Naimo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences and ‡Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria , Via Pietro Bucci, Ed. Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences and ‡Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria , Via Pietro Bucci, Ed. Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Nevio Picci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences and ‡Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria , Via Pietro Bucci, Ed. Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences and ‡Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria , Via Pietro Bucci, Ed. Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Rita Muzzalupo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences and ‡Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria , Via Pietro Bucci, Ed. Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Spizzirri UG, Picci N, Restuccia D. Extraction Efficiency of Different Solvents and LC-UV Determination of Biogenic Amines in Tea Leaves and Infusions. J Anal Methods Chem 2016; 2016:8715287. [PMID: 27555979 PMCID: PMC4983384 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8715287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic amines (BAs), that is, spermine, spermidine, putrescine, histamine, tyramine, β-phenylethylamine, cadaverine, and serotonin, have been determined in several samples of tea leaves, tea infusions, and tea drinks by LC-UV method after derivatization with dansyl chloride. Different extraction solvents have been tested and TCA 5% showed better analytical performances in terms of linearity, recovery percentages, LOD, LOQ, and repeatability than HCl 0.1 M and HClO4 0.1 M and was finally exploited for the quantitative determination of BAs in all samples. In tea leaves total BAs concentration ranged from 2.23 μg g(-1) to 11.24 μg g(-1) and PUT (1.05-2.25 μg g(-1)) and SPD (1.01-1.95 μg g(-1)) were always present, while SER (nd-1.56 μg g(-1)), HIS (nd-2.44 μg g(-1)), and SPM (nd-1.64 μg g(-1)) were detected more rarely. CAD and PHE were determined in few samples at much lower concentrations while none of the samples contained TYR. Tea infusions showed the same trend with total BAs concentrations never exceeding 80.7 μg L(-1). Black teas showed higher amounts of BAs than green teas and organic and decaffeinated samples always contained much lower BAs levels than their conventional counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Gianfranco Spizzirri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Nevio Picci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Donatella Restuccia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Ilaria Parisi O, Scrivano L, Stefania Sinicropi M, Picci N, Puoci F. Engineered Polymer-Based Nanomaterials for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Theranostic Applications. Mini Rev Med Chem 2016; 16:754-61. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557515666150709112122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cassano R, Mellace S, Pellegrino M, Ricchio E, Mauro L, Andò S, Picci N, Trombino S. Biocompatible Targeting Hydrogels for Breast Cancer Treatment. Mini Rev Med Chem 2016; 16:651-7. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557515666150709104018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cirillo G, Gianfranco Spizzirri U, Curcio M, Hampel S, Vittorio O, Restuccia D, Picci N, Iemma F. Carbon Nanohybrids as Electro-Responsive Drug Delivery Systems. Mini Rev Med Chem 2016; 16:658-67. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557515666150709104444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tavano L, Nicoletta FP, Picci N, Muzzalupo R. Cromolyn as surface active drug (surfadrug): Effect of the self-association on diffusion and percutaneous permeation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 139:132-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Trombino S, Cassano R, Mellace S, Picci N, Loizzo MR, Menichini F, Tundis R. Novel microspheres based on triterpene saponins from the roots of Physospermum verticillatum (Waldst & Kit) (Apiaceae) for the improvement of gemcitabine release. J Pharm Pharmacol 2016; 68:275-81. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study concerns the preparation and characterization of microspheres based on a mixture of triterpene saponins, from Physospermum verticillatum (Waldst & Kit), as a carrier for the specific release of gemcitabine.
Methods
Triterpene saponins were derivatized with acrylic acid. The obtained polymerizable product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared to confirm the ester linkage. Then, spherical microparticles were prepared by suspension radical copolymerization and impregnated with gemcitabine.
Key findings
Microspheres exhibited a mean diameter of 2.7 μ. The swelling studies showed that particles swell most at pH 6.2, typical of the tumour pathology, than at pH 7.4, miming physiological conditions. The microspheres were loaded with gemcitabine (LE 72.2%). Their release profile showed an initial dot of around 24% and a further release for 24 h.
Conclusions
This carrier could be potentially release the drug in the lung, as a function of different pHs between tumour cells and healthy, reducing the systemic drug toxicity, allowing the reduction of the doses number, increasing the drug half-life and eliminating the problems related to the fast clearance of gemcitabine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Trombino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Roberta Cassano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Silvia Mellace
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Nevio Picci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Monica R Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco Menichini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Cirillo G, Spizzirri UG, Curcio M, Spataro T, Picci N, Nicoletta FP, Iemma F. Cotton gauze-hydrogel composites: Valuable tools for electrically modulated drug delivery. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2015.1129956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Spizzirri UG, Parisi OI, Picci N, Restuccia D. Application of LC with Evaporative Light Scattering Detector for Biogenic Amines Determination in Fair Trade Cocoa-Based Products. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Spizzirri UG, Curcio M, Cirillo G, Picci N, Nicoletta FP, Iemma F. Functional hydrogels with a multicatalytic activity for bioremediation: Single-step preparation and characterization. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Umile Gianfranco Spizzirri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences; University of Calabria; I-87036 Rende (CS) Italy
| | - Manuela Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences; University of Calabria; I-87036 Rende (CS) Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences; University of Calabria; I-87036 Rende (CS) Italy
| | - Nevio Picci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences; University of Calabria; I-87036 Rende (CS) Italy
| | - Fiore Pasquale Nicoletta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences; University of Calabria; I-87036 Rende (CS) Italy
| | - Francesca Iemma
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences; University of Calabria; I-87036 Rende (CS) Italy
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Spizzirri UG, Curcio M, Cirillo G, Spataro T, Vittorio O, Picci N, Hampel S, Iemma F, Nicoletta FP. Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Nanocomposite Hydrogels. Pharmaceutics 2015; 7:413-37. [PMID: 26473915 PMCID: PMC4695827 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics7040413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels sensitive to electric current are usually made of polyelectrolytes and undergo erosion, swelling, de-swelling or bending in the presence of an applied electric field. The electrical conductivity of many polymeric materials used for the fabrication of biomedical devices is not high enough to achieve an effective modulation of the functional properties, and thus, the incorporation of conducting materials (e.g., carbon nanotubes and nanographene oxide) was proposed as a valuable approach to overcome this limitation. By coupling the biological and chemical features of both natural and synthetic polymers with the favourable properties of carbon nanostructures (e.g., cellular uptake, electromagnetic and magnetic behaviour), it is possible to produce highly versatile and effective nanocomposite materials. In the present review, the recent advances in the synthesis and biomedical applications of electro-responsive nanocomposite hydrogels are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Tania Spataro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
- Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
| | - Nevio Picci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Silke Hampel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, PF 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Francesca Iemma
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Fiore Pasquale Nicoletta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, Italy.
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Ioele G, Tavano L, De Luca M, Ragno G, Picci N, Muzzalupo R. Photostability and ex-vivo permeation studies on diclofenac in topical niosomal formulations. Int J Pharm 2015; 494:490-7. [PMID: 26307262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Photostability studies were performed on topical formulations containing diclofenac (DC). Niosomal gels were designed as photostabilization systems and ascorbic acid was also added to the new topical formulations because of its antioxidant property. Photodegradation tests were applied on commercial formulations containing DC and novel prepared gels, according to the ICH rules. The experiments were monitored by spectrophotometry and the data processed by multivariate curve resolution analysis to estimate the spectra and concentration profiles of evolved components. Characterization of niosomes was evaluated by size and distribution measurement, morphological analysis and encapsulation efficiency. Permeation experiments were performed across rabbit ear skin up to 24 h. Photodegradation rate of DC was found very fast in commercial formulation, with a residual content of 90% after only 4.38 min under a radiant exposure of 450 W/m(2). Photostability resulted increased significantly when the drug was entrapped in niosomal systems. The best results were obtained by reaching a 10% degradation after 50.00 min of light exposure after incorporation of DC in niosomes in presence of 5% ascorbic acid. Moreover, niosomal gel also influenced the permeation capability of DC by enhancing the transdermal delivery of the drug. The cumulative dose permeated of DC from niosomal gel was about three times that obtained with the commercial gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Ioele
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Lorena Tavano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Michele De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Gaetano Ragno
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Nevio Picci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Rita Muzzalupo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
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Muzzalupo R, Tavano L, Rossi CO, Picci N, Ranieri GA. Novel pH sensitive ferrogels as new approach in cancer treatment: Effect of the magnetic field on swelling and drug delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015. [PMID: 26209777 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ferrogels (or magnetic hydrogels) are cross-linked polymer networks containing magnetic nanoparticles: they are mechanically soft and highly elastic and at the same time they exhibit a strong magnetic response. Our work focuses on an combinatorial strategy to improve the efficacy of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) assisted chemotherapy, by developing novel multifunctional pH-sensitive ferrogels. We designed gels based on N,N'-dimethylacrylamide monomers polymerized in presence of methacrylic acid or 2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride, containing ferro-nanoparticles. The influence of polymeric matrix composition and exposition to magnetic field (MF) on swelling behavior and drugs release were investigated at pH 7.4 and 5. In particular, the magnetic field was obtained by using permanent magnetic bar (0.25 T) or electromagnet (0.5 and 1.2 T), with the aim to analyze quantitatively the magnetic effects. A strong influence of the magnetic field on ferrogels properties have been observed. Swelling analysis indicated a dependence on both pH and network composition, reaching a maximum at pH 7.4, for formulations containing methacrylic acid, while the application of MF appeared to decrease the swelling percentages. Release profiles of 5-FU showed effective modulation in release by application of MF: drug release is always higher in the presence of a magnetic field and generally increases with its intensity. The combining effect of pH sensitive properties and application of MF improved the performance of the systems. Results showed that our ferrogels may be technologically applicable as devices for delivery of 5-FU in a controllable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Muzzalupo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, Calabria University, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87,036 Rende, Italy
| | - Lorena Tavano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, Calabria University, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87,036 Rende, Italy
| | - Cesare Oliviero Rossi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 14/D - 87,036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Nevio Picci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, Calabria University, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87,036 Rende, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Antonio Ranieri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 14/D - 87,036 Rende, Italy
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Curcio M, Cirillo G, Vittorio O, Spizzirri UG, Iemma F, Picci N. Hydrolyzed gelatin-based polymersomes as delivery devices of anticancer drugs. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Restuccia D, Spizzirri UG, Bonesi M, Tundis R, Menichini F, Picci N, Loizzo MR. Evaluation of fatty acids and biogenic amines profiles in mullet and tuna roe during six months of storage at 4°C. J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Spizzirri UG, Cirillo G, Curcio M, Spataro T, Picci N, Iemma F. Coated biodegradable casein nanospheres: a valuable tool for oral drug delivery. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2015; 41:2006-17. [PMID: 26023992 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2015.1040415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable casein nanospheres for the sustained release of bioactive molecules in the gastro-intestinal tract were prepared by precipitation polymerization using sodium methacrylate (NaMA) and N,N'-methylene bis-acrylamide (MEBA) as pH-responsive monomer and cross-linker. Three materials with different casein amount were obtained and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, dimensional analysis, water uptake, cytotoxicity and enzymatic degradation experiments. Nanospheres biodegradability was tuned by coating with polyacrylic acid. Coated and uncoated materials were investigated as delivery vehicles for diclofenac sodium salt. For un-coated samples, the release raise 100% in 30 h, while for coated specimens these values were lower than 70%, due to the diffusional constraints of polymer layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umile Gianfranco Spizzirri
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione , Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale , Arcavacata di Rende , Italia
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione , Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale , Arcavacata di Rende , Italia
| | - Manuela Curcio
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione , Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale , Arcavacata di Rende , Italia
| | - Tania Spataro
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione , Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale , Arcavacata di Rende , Italia
| | - Nevio Picci
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione , Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale , Arcavacata di Rende , Italia
| | - Francesca Iemma
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione , Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale , Arcavacata di Rende , Italia
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Restuccia D, Spizzirri UG, Parisi OI, Cirillo G, Picci N. Brewing effect on levels of biogenic amines in different coffee samples as determined by LC-UV. Food Chem 2015; 175:143-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Restuccia D, Spizzirri UG, Puoci F, Picci N. Determination of biogenic amine profiles in conventional and organic cocoa-based products. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:1156-63. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1036322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cirillo G, Spataro T, Curcio M, Spizzirri UG, Nicoletta FP, Picci N, Iemma F. Tunable thermo-responsive hydrogels: Synthesis, structural analysis and drug release studies. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2015; 48:499-510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Curcio M, Spizzirri UG, Cirillo G, Spataro T, Picci N, Iemma F. Tailoring Flavonoids’ Antioxidant Properties Through Covalent Immobilization Into Dual Stimuli Responsive Polymers. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2014.996708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Spizzirri UG, Hampel S, Cirillo G, Mauro MV, Vittorio O, Cavalcanti P, Giraldi C, Curcio M, Picci N, Iemma F. Functional Gelatin-Carbon Nanotubes Nanohybrids With Enhanced Antibacterial Activity. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2014.958833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Curcio M, Spizzirri UG, Cirillo G, Vittorio O, Picci N, Nicoletta FP, Iemma F, Hampel S. On demand delivery of ionic drugs from electro-responsive CNT hybrid films. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05484b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Electro responsive hybrid hydrogel films able to precisely modulate the release of drugs as a function of their net charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - U. G. Spizzirri
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - G. Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - O. Vittorio
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - N. Picci
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - F. P. Nicoletta
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - F. Iemma
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - S. Hampel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research
- Dresden
- Germany
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Muzzalupo R, Tavano L, Lai F, Picci N. Niosomes containing hydroxyl additives as percutaneous penetration enhancers: effect on the transdermal delivery of sulfadiazine sodium salt. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 123:207-12. [PMID: 25260220 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to improve the transdermal permeation of sulfadiazine sodium, employing synergistic combination of surfactants (in the form of niosomes) and additives with different number of hydroxylic groups, (following referred to as "alcohol"), as component of the bilayer. In particular the effect of different concentration of each alcohol (ethanol, propylene glycol or glycerol, from 5%, to 40% v/v) on niosomes size and distribution, drug entrapment efficiencies and ex vivo drug percutaneous permeation were evaluated, identifying formulations giving the best performances. The findings revealed that the presence of alcohol critically affect the physico-chemical properties of niosomes, with regards to dimensions, drug encapsulation and permeation. Vesicular size increased with the amount of alcohol and at the same alcohol concentration, follow the sequence ethanol>propylene glycol>glycerol. Loaded niosomes were larger than empty ones. Low E% values were found for ethanol, even less in propylene glycol and glycerol based samples, confirming that the chemical structure of the alcohol and its physico-chemical properties, affected the sulfadiazine entrapment efficiency. The comparative evaluation of percutaneous permeation profiles showed that the cumulative amount of permeated drug increases with alcohol concentration up to 20% v/v. Higher concentration (40% v/v) resulted in a strong decrease of the potential skin permeation. Best performances were obtained with glycerol. In all cases ex vivo sulfadiazine percutaneous permeations are controlled and improved respect to the corresponding free drug solutions and traditional niosomes used as controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Muzzalupo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Lorena Tavano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy; Dipartimento di Ingegneria Informatica, Modellistica, Elettronica e Sistemistica, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 39/C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Lai
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nevio Picci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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Cassano R, Ferrarelli T, Mauro MV, Cavalcanti P, Picci N, Trombino S. Preparation, characterization and in vitro activities evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticles based on PEG-40 stearate for antifungal drugs vaginal delivery. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:1047-56. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.932862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cassano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy and
| | - Teresa Ferrarelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy and
| | | | - Paolina Cavalcanti
- Virology and Microbiology Service of “Annunziata” Hospital, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Nevio Picci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy and
| | - Sonia Trombino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy and
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Vittorio O, Brandl M, Cirillo G, Spizzirri UG, Picci N, Kavallaris M, Iemma F, Hampel S. Novel functional cisplatin carrier based on carbon nanotubes–quercetin nanohybrid induces synergistic anticancer activity against neuroblastoma in vitro. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03331k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Cirillo G, Curcio M, Vittorio O, Iemma F, Restuccia D, Spizzirri UG, Puoci F, Picci N. Polyphenol Conjugates and Human Health: A Perspective Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 56:326-37. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.752342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tavano L, Aiello R, Ioele G, Picci N, Muzzalupo R. Niosomes from glucuronic acid-based surfactant as new carriers for cancer therapy: preparation, characterization and biological properties. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 118:7-13. [PMID: 24709252 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Niosomes are vesicular systems composed of surfactant molecules, claimed to be used as drug delivery carriers thanks to their physico-chemical and biological properties. The aim of this work was to design niosomes obtained with a surfactant synthesized from glucuronic acid. Doxorubicin and 5FU were used as model drugs. Niosomes were prepared with different ratios between surfactant and cholesterol, and characterized in terms of size, morphology, drugs entrapment efficiency and in vitro releases, to identify the optimal formulation to be used in pharmaceutical fields. In addition, the hemolytic activity of all formulations have been also evaluated. Results showed that dodecylglucuronamide surfactant was able to produce vesicular systems with or without the presence of cholesterol. Niosomes resulted regular in size and shape and they have been found to encapsulate and release in a controlled manner both doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil. Hemolytic tests showed that the capability of disrupting erythrocyte only depend on the size of colloidal aggregates. Finally, our formulations could be potentially used as antitumoral delivery systems in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Tavano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; Dipartimento di Ingegneria Informatica, Modellistica, Elettronica e Sistemistica, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 39/C, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rossana Aiello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Graecia, Via T. Campanella 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Ioele
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Nevio Picci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rita Muzzalupo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy.
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Cirillo G, Hampel S, Spizzirri UG, Parisi OI, Picci N, Iemma F. Carbon nanotubes hybrid hydrogels in drug delivery: a perspective review. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014:825017. [PMID: 24587993 PMCID: PMC3918724 DOI: 10.1155/2014/825017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of biologics, polymers, silicon materials, carbon materials, and metals has been proposed for the preparation of innovative drug delivery devices. One of the most promising materials in this field are the carbon-nanotubes composites and hybrid materials coupling the advantages of polymers (biocompatibility and biodegradability) with those of carbon nanotubes (cellular uptake, stability, electromagnatic, and magnetic behavior). The applicability of polymer-carbon nanotubes composites in drug delivery, with particular attention to the controlled release by composites hydrogel, is being extensively investigated in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Postfatch 270116, 01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Silke Hampel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Postfatch 270116, 01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Umile Gianfranco Spizzirri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Ortensia Ilaria Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Nevio Picci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca Iemma
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
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Parisi OI, Morelli C, Puoci F, Saturnino C, Caruso A, Sisci D, Trombino GE, Picci N, Sinicropi MS. Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) for carbazole derivative release in targeted cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:6619-6625. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00607k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MMIPs) are synthesized with the aim to prepare novel devices for 9H-carbazole derivative sustained delivery in targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ortensia Ilaria Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- 87036 Rende, Italy
- Department of Informatics
| | - Catia Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco Puoci
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Carmela Saturnino
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences
- University of Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Anna Caruso
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- 87036 Rende, Italy
- Department of Informatics
| | - Diego Sisci
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Giovanna Elvi Trombino
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Nevio Picci
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- 87036 Rende, Italy
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Cirillo G, Mauro MV, Spizzirri UG, Cavalcanti P, Puoci F, Giraldi C, Vittorio O, Picci N, Iemma F. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of conjugates based on fluoroquinolon-type antibiotics and gelatin. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2014; 25:67-77. [PMID: 24105417 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Different fluoroquinolon-type antibiotics were conjugated to gelatin with the aim to synthesize biomacromolecules with antimicrobial properties. The covalent linkage of the antibiotic was performed by a radical process involving the residues in the side chains of gelatin able to undergo oxidative modifications. The conjugation of antibiotic moieties onto the protein structure was confirmed by FT-IR, UV-Vis, fluorescence, and calorimetric analyses. Biocompatibility tests were performed on human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells and the antibacterial properties of bioactive polymers were investigated by appropriate tests against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. With regard to the tests conducted in the presence of E. coli, a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.05 to 0.40 μg mL(-1) was recorded, while in the presence of K. pneumoniae this concentration varies from 0.10 to 1.60 μg mL(-1). In all the conjugates, the drug moieties retain their biological activity and the MIC values are lower than the resistance parameters of fluoroquinolon-type antibiotics versus Enterobacteriacae. The collected data suggest a broad range of applications, from biomedical to pharmaceutical and food science for all conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036, Rende, CS, Italy
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Meucci S, Travagliati M, Vittorio O, Cirillo G, Masini L, Voliani V, Picci N, Beltram F, Tredicucci A, Cecchini M. Tubeless biochip for chemical stimulation of cells in closed-bioreactors: anti-cancer activity of the catechin–dextran conjugate. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05496b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we introduce a tubeless microbioreactor for chemically stimulation of cells in microchambers, based on automatic cell valving, hydrostatic-pressure pumping and on-chip liquid reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Meucci
- NEST
- Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR
- Pisa 56127, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
| | - Marco Travagliati
- NEST
- Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR
- Pisa 56127, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- NEST
- Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR
- Pisa 56127, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden
| | - Luca Masini
- NEST
- Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR
- Pisa 56127, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
| | - Valerio Voliani
- NEST
- Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR
- Pisa 56127, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
| | - Nevio Picci
- Department of Pharmacy
- Health and Nutritional Sciences
- University of Calabria
- I-87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Fabio Beltram
- NEST
- Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR
- Pisa 56127, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
| | | | - Marco Cecchini
- NEST
- Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR
- Pisa 56127, Italy
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Spizzirri UG, Cirillo G, Curcio M, Picci N, Iemma F. Flavonoid-based pH-responsive hydrogels as carrier of unstable drugs in oxidative conditions. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 20:288-96. [PMID: 24289106 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.862261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, pH-responsive hydrogels, synthesized by the coupling reaction of polyacrylic acid and catechin, are proposed as carriers of oxidable drugs toward the GI tract. The presence of polyphenolic moieties in the network gives the polymers properties suitable for the release of unstable drugs in oxidative conditions. The characterization of the hydrogels is obtained by means of morphological and physico-chemical analyses, antioxidant assays and evaluation of the swelling behavior in media simulating the gastric (pH 1.0) and the intestinal (pH 7.4) tracts. The hydrogels are tested as pH-responsive carriers in in vitro release studies of folic acid and thiamine, two model drugs easily degraded by oxidative conditions simulated by UV irradiation and t-butyl hydroperoxide treatment, respectively. Results show that catechin-based carriers are able to control the release of drugs at different pH values, giving a remarkable improvement in the stability of the therapeutics.
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Trombino S, Ferrarelli T, Pellegrino M, Ricchio E, Mauro L, Andò S, Picci N, Cassano R. Anticancer activity of a hydrogel containing folic acid towards MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Anticancer Res 2013; 33:4847-4854. [PMID: 24222122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to prepare a hydrogel, based on ellagic acid and glycine, embedded with folic acid, as a subcutaneous implant for the treatment of breast cancer. The function of folic acid is to selectively and actively target tumor cells which are well-known to overexpress folic acid receptors on their surface. MATERIALS AND METHODS A pro-drug based on L-glycine and ellagic acid, was functionalized with a polymerizable group and loaded with folic acid to make it more natural, non-toxic, compatible and specific for the site of action. Cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells was also evaluated. Release studies of folic acid were conducted on aliquots of hydrogel at different pH (6.2 and 7.4) and time-points (1, 6, 12 and 24 h) using a shaking water bath at 37°C (body temperature). RESULTS Our results show that folic acid release by the hydrogel is characterized by a slow kinetic release, especially at pH 6.2. Moreover, it was evidenced that the exposure of human breast cancer cells to ellagic acid-based hydrogel containing folic acid significantly reduced cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Trombino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
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Tavano L, Muzzalupo R, Mauro L, Pellegrino M, Andò S, Picci N. Transferrin-conjugated pluronic niosomes as a new drug delivery system for anticancer therapy. Langmuir 2013; 29:12638-46. [PMID: 24040748 DOI: 10.1021/la4021383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
An efficient tumor-targeted niosomal delivery system for the vehiculation of doxorubicin hydrochloride as an anticancer agent was designed. Niosomes were prepared from a mixture of an opportunely modified Pluronic L64 surfactant and cholesterol as a membrane additive and characterized in terms of size and related distribution function and drug entrapment efficiency. After the preparation, transferrin was conjugated to niosomes to produce transferrin (Tf) niosomes, and the cytotoxicity of the final formulation was studied. The specific uptake of Tf niosomes into cells was evaluated via incubation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with fluorescently rhodamine-loaded Tf niosomes for various times and concentration intervals and further investigated by fluorescence microscopy. Results showed that doxorubicin can be easily encapsulated into niosomes, which are regular and spherical in shape. Moreover, transferrin conjugate niosomes demonstrated far greater extents of cellular uptake by MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting that they were mainly taken up by transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis. Doxorubicin-loaded niosome anticancer activity was also achieved against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 tumor cell lines, and a significant reduction in viability in a dose- and time-related manner was observed. Finally, our formulation could be potentially useful as a target doxorubicin delivery system in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Tavano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria , Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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Manca ML, Cassano R, Valenti D, Trombino S, Ferrarelli T, Picci N, Fadda AM, Manconi M. Isoniazid-gelatin conjugate microparticles containing rifampicin for the treatment of tuberculosis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:1302-11. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
In this work, a new polymeric microparticle system based on gelatin covalently bound to isoniazid (ISN) and containing rifampicin (RFP) was prepared by spray-drying technique. Microparticle aptitude to nebulisation and their capability of interacting with A549, alveolar basal epithelial cells, were evaluated in vitro.
Methods
Microparticles were obtained by spray drying, and their morphology, size, zeta potential, thermotropic behaviour and nebulisation ability were evaluated.
Key findings
Microparticles were positively charged with a mean size of 4.88 ± 0.3 μm. Microspheres were able to incorporate both RFP and ISN: encapsulation efficiency was 51 ± 6% and 22 ± 1%, respectively. X-ray diffraction study showed a new extensive and flattened diffraction peak providing evidence that the drugs were dispersed into the microparticles. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirmed effective interactions between gelatin and drug molecules by the presence of new transition peaks. Fifty-nine per cent of used microparticles were aerosolised. In-vitro toxicity studies on A549 alveolar basal epithelial cells showed that microparticles decreased cytotoxicity in comparison with the RFP solution. Laser scanning confocal microscopy observation confirmed that fluorescent probes delivered by microparticles are efficiently internalised in A549 cells.
Conclusions
Overall, microparticles based on gelatin covalently bound to ISN and containing RFP showed a promising behaviour for pulmonary drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Manca
- Department Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione Scienze del Farmaco, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberta Cassano
- Department Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Donatella Valenti
- Department Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione Scienze del Farmaco, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sonia Trombino
- Department Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Teresa Ferrarelli
- Department Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Nevio Picci
- Department Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Anna M Fadda
- Department Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione Scienze del Farmaco, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Manconi
- Department Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione Scienze del Farmaco, Cagliari, Italy
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Spizzirri UG, Hampel S, Cirillo G, Nicoletta FP, Hassan A, Vittorio O, Picci N, Iemma F. Spherical gelatin/CNTs hybrid microgels as electro-responsive drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2013; 448:115-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Trombino S, Cassano R, Ferrarelli T, Barone E, Picci N, Mancuso C. Trans-ferulic acid-based solid lipid nanoparticles and their antioxidant effect in rat brain microsomes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 109:273-9. [PMID: 23668982 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, stearic acid- and stearyl ferulate-based solid lipid nanoparticles containing trans-ferulic acid (SLN-FA and SLN-SF-FA, respectively), were prepared and characterized for loading efficiency, size and shape. In addition, by using rat brain microsomes, we evaluated in vitro the antioxidant activity of these formulations against three well known initiators of lipid peroxidation, such as AAPH, NADPH/ADP-Fe(3+) and SIN-1 which in turn generate the peroxyl and perferryl radicals as well as peroxynitrite, respectively. Commercially available FA and its ethyl ester (FAEE) were used as comparators. Both SLN-FA and SLN-SF-FA dose-dependently reduced lipid peroxidation induced by the three oxidants. Interestingly, SLN-SF-FA displayed greater efficacy (EC50) and potency (maximal activity) against AAPH- and NADPH/ADP-Fe(3+)-induced lipid peroxidation. Our results support the idea that this new formulations could facilitate the uptake of FA by the cells because of their lipophilic structure, thus increasing FA bioavailability. Furthermore, stearyl ferulate-based nanoparticles could prevent the degradation of FA entrapped on their structure, making FA almost entirely available to explicate its antioxidant power once released.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Trombino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
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Cirillo G, Vittorio O, Hampel S, Iemma F, Parchi P, Cecchini M, Puoci F, Picci N. Quercetin nanocomposite as novel anticancer therapeutic: improved efficiency and reduced toxicity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:359-65. [PMID: 23602995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A three-functional nanocomposite was prepared by radical polymerization of methacrylic acid around carbon nanotubes in the presence of Quercetin as biologically active molecule and proposed as new anticancer therapeutic. The so-obtained hybrid material was characterized by FT-IR, Raman, SEM, TEM analyses, while the functionalization degree of 2.33 mg of Quercetin per g of composite was assessed by Folin-Ciocalteu test. Antioxidant test (DPPH and ABTS) showed that the covalent coupling did not interfere with the antioxidant properties of the flavonoid, while the anticancer activity was greatly enhanced with a recorded IC50 value much lower than free Quercetin. Cell viability tests on healthy cells demonstrated no-toxicity of the conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
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Puoci F, Hampel S, Parisi OI, Hassan A, Cirillo G, Picci N. Imprinted microspheres doped with carbon nanotubes as novel electroresponsive drug-delivery systems. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Puoci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Calabria; I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy
| | - Silke Hampel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden; PF 270116 D-01171 Dresden Germany
| | - Ortensia ilaria Parisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Calabria; I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy
| | - Abdelwahab Hassan
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden; PF 270116 D-01171 Dresden Germany
- Department of Physics; Faculty of Science; Fayoum University; Fayoum 63514 Egypt
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Calabria; I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden; PF 270116 D-01171 Dresden Germany
| | - Nevio Picci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Calabria; I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy
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Loizzo MR, Menichini F, Picci N, Puoci F, Spizzirri UG, Restuccia D. Technological aspects and analytical determination of biogenic amines in cheese. Trends Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cirillo G, Vittorio O, Hampel S, Spizzirri UG, Picci N, Iemma F. Incorporation of carbon nanotubes into a gelatin–catechin conjugate: Innovative approach for the preparation of anticancer materials. Int J Pharm 2013; 446:176-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Spizzirri UG, Restuccia D, Curcio M, Parisi OI, Iemma F, Picci N. Determination of biogenic amines in different cheese samples by LC with evaporative light scattering detector. J Food Compost Anal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Puoci F, Morelli C, Cirillo G, Curcio M, Parisi OI, Maris P, Sisci D, Picci N. Anticancer activity of a quercetin-based polymer towards HeLa cancer cells. Anticancer Res 2012; 32:2843-2847. [PMID: 22753746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin is one of the most potent antioxidants showing anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antitumoral effects; however its short half-life in buffered solution (e.g. body fluids) has so far hampered its introduction into clinical practice. AIM To overcome this inconvenience, quercetin was covalently conjugated into a polymethacrylic acid backbone and the conjugate was tested on HeLa cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS FT-IR, UV-Vis, Gel Permeation Chromatography analyses and the Folin-Ciocalteu test were performed to characterize the conjugate. Antioxidant properties were assessed by the DPPH test and the viability experiments by trypan blue exclusion assay. RESULTS The conjugate showed a functionalization degree of 2.01 mg of Q per g, an IC(50) of 2.62 mg ml(-1) in the DPPH assay and was able to induce a 90% cell death after one day treatment, while the value for free Quercetin was 40% after three days. CONCLUSION Polymer conjugation significantly increases quercetin stability, leading to a sustained activity of the flavonoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Puoci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy.
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Cassano R, Trombino S, Ferrarelli T, Bilia AR, Bergonzi MC, Russo A, De Amicis F, Picci N. Preparation, characterization and in vitro activities evaluation of curcumin based microspheres for azathioprine oral delivery. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vittorio O, Cirillo G, Iemma F, Di Turi G, Jacchetti E, Curcio M, Barbuti S, Funel N, Parisi OI, Puoci F, Picci N. Dextran-catechin conjugate: a potential treatment against the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pharm Res 2012; 29:2601-14. [PMID: 22622510 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A polysaccharide-flavonoid conjugate was developend and proposed for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS The conjugate was synthesized by free radical grafting reaction between catechin and dextran. The chemical characterization of the conjugate was obtained by UV-Vis, 1H-NMR, FT-IR and GPC analyses, while the functionalization degree was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The biological activity of the catechin-dextran conjugate was tested on two different cell lines derived from human pancreatic cancer (MIA PaCa-2 and PL45 cells), and the toxicity towards human pancreatic nestin-expressing cells evaluated. RESULTS Both the cancer cell lines are killed when exposed to the conjugate, and undergo apoptosis after the incubation with catechin-dextran which resulted more effective in killing pancreatic tumor cells compared to the catechin alone. Moreover, our experimental data indicate that the conjugate was less cytotoxic to human pancreatic nestin-expressing cells which are considered a good model of non-neoplastic pancreatic cells. CONCLUSION The suitability of newly synthesized Dextran-Catechin conjugate in the treatment of PDAC was proved confirming the high potential application of the proposed macromolecula system in the cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Vittorio
- NEST Scuola Normale Superiore & Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR Piazza San Silvestro, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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