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Cyclodextrin-Oligocaprolactone Derivatives—Synthesis and Advanced Structural Characterization by MALDI Mass Spectrometry. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071436. [PMID: 35406308 PMCID: PMC9003485 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins have previously been proven to be active in the catalysis of cyclic ester ring-opening reactions, hypothetically in a similar way to lipase-catalyzed reactions. However, the way they act remains unclear. Here, we focus on β-cyclodextrin’s involvement in the synthesis and characterization of β-cyclodextrin-oligocaprolactone (CDCL) products obtained via the organo-catalyzed ring-opening of ε-caprolactone. Previously, bulk or supercritical carbon dioxide polymerizations has led to inhomogeneous products. Our approach consists of solution polymerization (dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylformamide) to obtain homogeneous CDCL derivatives with four monomer units on average. Oligomerization kinetics, performed by a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) optimized method in tandem with 1H NMR, revealed that monomer conversion occurs in two stages: first, the monomer is rapidly attached to the secondary OH groups of β-cyclodextrin and, secondly, the monomer conversion is slower with attachment to the primary OH groups. MALDI MS was further employed for the measurement of the ring-opening kinetics to establish the influence of the solvents as well as the effect of organocatalysts (4-dimethylaminopyridine and (–)-sparteine). Additionally, the mass spectrometry structural evaluation was further enhanced by fragmentation studies which confirmed the attachment of oligoesters to the cyclodextrin and the cleavage of dimethylformamide amide bonds during the ring-opening process.
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2
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Blaj DA, Balan-Porcarasu M, Petre BA, Harabagiu V, Peptu C. MALDI mass spectrometry monitoring of cyclodextrin-oligolactide derivatives synthesis. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Klemm B, Picchioni F, van Mastrigt F, Raffa P. Starlike Branched Polyacrylamides by RAFT Polymerization-Part I: Synthesis and Characterization. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:18762-18770. [PMID: 30613822 PMCID: PMC6314631 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Starlike branched polyacrylamides (SB-PAMs) were synthesized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) and N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) (BisAM) in the presence of 3-(((benzylthio) carbonothioyl)thio)propanoic acid as a chain transfer agent, followed by chain extension with AM. The amount of incorporated BisAM in the core and the amount of AM during chain extension have been systematically varied. Core structures were achieved by incorporation of total monomer ratios [BisAM]/[AM] ranging from 0.010 to 0.143. The obtained macromolecular chain transfer agents had weight average molecular weights in the range of (2.2-7.8) × 103 Da and polydispersity indices between 1.2 and 15.1. Kinetic experiments were performed to investigate the extent of control of polymerization. Finally, the expansion of the core structures by chain-extension polymerization resulted in the successful preparation of high molecular weight SB-PAMs with apparent molecular weights ranging from 19 to 1250 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klemm
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Picchioni
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch
Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Frank van Mastrigt
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch
Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Patrizio Raffa
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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Khutoryanskiy VV. Beyond PEGylation: Alternative surface-modification of nanoparticles with mucus-inert biomaterials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 124:140-149. [PMID: 28736302 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mucus is a highly hydrated viscoelastic gel present on various moist surfaces in our body including the eyes, nasal cavity, mouth, gastrointestinal, respiratory and reproductive tracts. It serves as a very efficient barrier that prevents harmful particles, viruses and bacteria from entering the human body. However, the protective function of the mucus also hampers the diffusion of drugs and nanomedicines, which dramatically reduces their efficiency. Functionalisation of nanoparticles with low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEGylation) is one of the strategies to enhance their penetration through mucus. Recently a number of other polymers were explored as alternatives to PEGylation. These alternatives include poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazolines), polysarcosine, poly(vinyl alcohol), other hydroxyl-containing non-ionic water-soluble polymers, zwitterionic polymers (polybetaines) and mucolytic enzymes. This review discusses the studies reporting the use of these polymers or potential application to facilitate mucus permeation of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy V Khutoryanskiy
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 224, RG6 6AD Reading, United Kingdom.
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6
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Yildirim I, Weber C, Schubert US. Old meets new: Combination of PLA and RDRP to obtain sophisticated macromolecular architectures. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Merging supercritical carbon dioxide and organocatalysis for the precision and green synthesis of poly(lactide)-based (co)polymers. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Liu H, Jiang X, Bian R, Tong M, Tang D, Zhou X, Zhao Y. Facile synthesis of A2mB2n-type starlike copolymers with two types of V-shaped arms by combination of RAFT, ATRP and ROP processes. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Li C, Liu H, Tang D, Zhao Y. Synthesis, postmodification and fluorescence properties of reduction-cleavable core-couplable miktoarm stars with a branched core. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01495b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Postmodification of (PEG)m(PCL)n miktoarm stars with a dual-reactive branched core allowed the introduction of versatile functionalities, and the coumarin-functionalized star exhibited tunable fluorescence properties sensitive to solvent polarity and reduction stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cangxia Li
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Dandan Tang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
| | - Youliang Zhao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
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11
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Themistou E, Battaglia G, Armes SP. Facile synthesis of thiol-functionalized amphiphilic polylactide–methacrylic diblock copolymers. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01446k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Liu P, Ye Z, Wang WJ, Li BG. Synthesis of polyethylene and polystyrene miktoarm star copolymers using an “in–out” strategy. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00622d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Miktoarm star copolymers having multiple polyethylene and polystyrene arms joined at the crosslinked polydivinylbenzene core were synthesized using an “in–out” strategy with the combined Pd-catalyzed ethylene “living” polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingwei Liu
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou, China
- Bharti School of Engineering
| | - Zhibin Ye
- Bharti School of Engineering
- Laurentian University
- Sudbury, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Laurentian University
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou, China
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13
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Burts AO, Gao AX, Johnson JA. Brush-First Synthesis of Core-Photodegradable Miktoarm Star Polymers via ROMP: Towards Photoresponsive Self-Assemblies. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 35:168-173. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan O. Burts
- 77 Massachusetts Ave., Room 18-296; Cambridge MA 02116 USA
| | - Angela X. Gao
- 77 Massachusetts Ave., Room 18-296; Cambridge MA 02116 USA
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Makiguchi K, Kikuchi S, Satoh T, Kakuchi T. Synthesis of block and end‐functionalized polyesters by triflimide‐catalyzed ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone, 1,5‐dioxepan‐2‐one, and
rac
‐lactide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Makiguchi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060‐8628 Japan
| | - Seiya Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060‐8628 Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060‐8628 Japan
| | - Toyoji Kakuchi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060‐8628 Japan
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15
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Nicol E, Derouineau T, Puaud F, Zaitsev A. Synthesis of double hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) by single-electron transfer-living radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Gregory A, Stenzel MH. Complex polymer architectures via RAFT polymerization: From fundamental process to extending the scope using click chemistry and nature's building blocks. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Siauw M, Hawkett BS, Perrier S. RAFT Polymerization: A Powerful Tool for the Synthesis and Study of Oligomers. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1101.ch002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meiliana Siauw
- Key Centre for Polymers & Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Brian S. Hawkett
- Key Centre for Polymers & Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Key Centre for Polymers & Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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18
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Siauw M, Hawkett BS, Perrier S. Short chain amphiphilic diblock co-oligomers via RAFT polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.25061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Demetriou M, Krasia-Christoforou T. Well-defined diblock copolymers possessing fluorescent and metal chelating functionalities as novel macromolecular sensors for amines and metal ions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Makiguchi K, Satoh T, Kakuchi T. Synthesis of various end-functionalized polyesters by controlled/living ring-opening polymerization of lactones using pentafluorophenylbis(triflyl)methane. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Lin LY, Lee NS, Zhu J, Nyström AM, Pochan DJ, Dorshow RB, Wooley KL. Tuning core vs. shell dimensions to adjust the performance of nanoscopic containers for the loading and release of doxorubicin. J Control Release 2011; 152:37-48. [PMID: 21241750 PMCID: PMC3119510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Detailed studies were performed to probe the effects of the core and shell dimensions of amphiphilic, shell crosslinked, knedel-like polymer nanoparticles (SCKs) on the loading and release of doxorubicin (DOX), a widely-used chemotherapy agent, in aqueous buffer, as a function of the solution pH. Effects of the nanoparticle composition were held constant, by employing SCKs constructed from a single type of amphiphilic diblock copolymer, poly(acrylic acid)-b-polystyrene (PAA-b-PS). A series of four SCK nanoparticle samples, ranging in number-average hydrodynamic diameter from 14-30 nm, was prepared from four block copolymers having different relative block lengths and absolute degrees of polymerization. The ratios of acrylic acid to styrene block lengths ranged from 0.65 to 3.0, giving SCKs with ratios of shell to core volumes ranging from 0.44 to 2.1. Although the shell thicknesses were calculated to be similar (1.5-3.1 nm by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) calculations and 3.5-4.9 nm by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) analyses), two of the SCK nanoparticles had relatively large core diameters (19±2 and 20±2 nm by TEM; 17.4 and 15.3 nm by SANS), while two had similar, smaller core diameters (11±2 and 13±2 nm by TEM; 9.0 and 8.9 nm by SANS). The SCKs were capable of being loaded with 1500-9700 DOX molecules per each particle, with larger numbers of DOX molecules packaged within the larger core SCKs. Their shell-to-core volume ratio showed impact on the rates and extents of release of DOX, with the volume occupied by the poly(acrylic acid) shell relative to the volume occupied by the polystyrene core correlating inversely with the diffusion-based release of DOX. Given that the same amount of polymer was used to construct each SCK sample, SCKs having smaller cores and higher acrylic acid vs. styrene volume ratios were present at higher concentrations than were the larger core SCKs, and gave lower final extents of release., Higher final extents of release and faster rates of release were observed for all DOX-loaded particle samples at pH 5.0 vs. pH 7.4, respectively, ca. 60% vs. 40% at 60 h, suggesting promise for enhanced delivery within tumors and cells. By fitting the data to the Higuchi model, quantitative determination of the kinetics of release was made, giving rate constants ranging from 0.0431 to 0.0540 h⁻¹/² at pH 7.4 and 0.106 to 0.136 h⁻¹/² at pH 5.0. In comparison, the non-crosslinked polymer micelle analogs exhibited rate constants for release of DOX of 0.245 and 0.278 h⁻¹/² at pH 7.4 and 5.0, respectively. These studies point to future directions to craft sophisticated devices for controlled drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Yun Lin
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130-4899
| | - Nam S. Lee
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130-4899
| | - Jiahua Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716-3106
| | - Andreas M. Nyström
- Department of Neuroscience and The Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Darrin J. Pochan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716-3106
| | | | - Karen L. Wooley
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842-3012
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22
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Zhang C, Zhou Y, Liu Q, Li S, Perrier S, Zhao Y. Facile Synthesis of Hyperbranched and Star-Shaped Polymers by RAFT Polymerization Based on a Polymerizable Trithiocarbonate. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1024736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Key Lab of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Key Lab of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shixian Li
- Key Lab of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Key Centre for Polymers & Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Youliang Zhao
- Key Lab of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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23
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Zhang B, Chen Y, Xu L, Zeng L, He Y, Kang ET, Zhang J. Growing poly(N
-vinylcarbazole) from the surface of graphene oxide via RAFT polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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24
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Makiguchi K, Satoh T, Kakuchi T. Diphenyl Phosphate as an Efficient Cationic Organocatalyst for Controlled/Living Ring-Opening Polymerization of δ-Valerolactone and ε-Caprolactone. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200043x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Makiguchi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering and Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering and Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toyoji Kakuchi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering and Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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25
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Kakwere H, Perrier S. Design of complex polymeric architectures and nanostructured materials/hybrids by living radical polymerization of hydroxylated monomers. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00160k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Moraes J, Maschmeyer T, Perrier S. 'Pseudo-star' Copolymers Formed by a Combination of RAFT Polymerization and Isocyanate-Coupling. Aust J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/ch11133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe the formation of pseudo-star copolymers via incorporation of an isocyanate-bearing monomer, dimethyl meta-isopropenyl benzyl isocyanate (TMI) into a homopolymer of butyl acrylate (BA) using a one-pot, two-step synthesis. The resultant product maintains the functionality of the isocyanate moiety, which is used to attach poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether onto the copolymeric chain under benign reaction conditions. The resultant pseudo-star copolymers were isolated and their self-assembly in the presence of water studied.
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27
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Boyer C, Stenzel MH, Davis TP. Building nanostructures using RAFT polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Lefay C, Glé D, Rollet M, Mazzolini J, Bertin D, Viel S, Schmid C, Boisson C, D'Agosto F, Gigmes D, Barner-Kowollik C. Block copolymers via macromercaptan initiated ring opening polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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29
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Jasiewicz B, Inazumi T, Inagaki Y, Wasada-Tsutsui Y, Funahashi Y, Masuda H. Synthesis and crystal structures of iron(II) dichloride complexes with α-isosparteine, β-isosparteine and 2-methylsparteine. J Mol Struct 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Cameron DJA, Shaver MP. Aliphatic polyester polymer stars: synthesis, properties and applications in biomedicine and nanotechnology. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 40:1761-76. [PMID: 21082079 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00091d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A critical review: the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters provides access to an array of biodegradable, bioassimilable and renewable polymeric materials. Building these aliphatic polyester polymers into larger macromolecular frameworks provides further control over polymer characteristics and opens up unique applications. Polymer stars, where multiple arms radiate from a single core molecule, have found particular utility in the areas of drug delivery and nanotechnology. A challenge in this field is in understanding the impact of altering synthetic variables on polymer properties. We review the synthesis and characterization of aliphatic polyester polymer stars, focusing on polymers originating from lactide, ε-caprolactone, glycolide, β-butyrolactone and trimethylene carbonate monomers and their copolymers including coverage of polyester miktoarm star copolymers. These macromolecular materials are further categorized by core molecules, catalysts employed, self-assembly and degradation properties and the resulting fields of application (262 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J A Cameron
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada C1A 4P3
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Bartels JW, Cauët SI, Billings PL, Lin LY, Zhu J, Fidge C, Pochan DJ, Wooley KL. Evaluation of Isoprene Chain Extension from PEO Macromolecular Chain Transfer Agents for the Preparation of Dual, Invertible Block Copolymer Nanoassemblies. Macromolecules 2010; 43:7128-7138. [PMID: 21399721 DOI: 10.1021/ma1002112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Two RAFT-capable PEO macro-CTAs, 2 and 5 kDa, were prepared and used for the polymerization of isoprene which yielded well-defined block copolymers of varied lengths and compositions. GPC analysis of the PEO macro-CTAs and block copolymers showed remaining unreacted PEO macro-CTA. Mathematical deconvolution of the GPC chromatograms allowed for the estimation of the blocking efficiency, about 50% for the 5 kDa PEO macro-CTA and 64% for the 2 kDa CTA. Self assembly of the block copolymers in both water and decane was investigated and the resulting regular and inverse assemblies, respectively, were analyzed with DLS, AFM, and TEM to ascertain their dimensions and properties. Assembly of PEO-b-PIp block copolymers in aqueous solution resulted in well-defined micelles of varying sizes while the assembly in hydrophobic, organic solvent resulted in the formation of different morphologies including large aggregates and well-defined cylindrical and spherical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Bartels
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in Saint Louis, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO 63130
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