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Bosacka A, Zienkiewicz-Strzalka M, Derylo-Marczewska A, Chrzanowska A, Blachnio M, Podkoscielna B. Physicochemical, structural, and adsorption characteristics of DMSPS- co-DVB nanopolymers. Front Chem 2023; 11:1176718. [PMID: 37448854 PMCID: PMC10338118 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1176718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is the synthesis and characterization of the series of S,S'-thiodi-4,1-phenylene bis(thio-methacrylate)-co-divinylbenzene (DMSPS-co-DVB) nanomaterials. The series of new nanopolymers including three mixed systems with different ratios of DMSPS and DVB components, DMSPS-co-DVB = 1:1, DMSPS-co-DVB = 1:2, and DMSPS-co-DVB = 1:3, was synthesized in the polymerization reaction. The research task is to investigate the influence of the reaction mixture composition on morphological, textural, and structural properties of final nanosystems including size, shape, and agglomeration effect. The advanced biphasic nanomaterials enriched with thiol groups were successfully synthesized as potential sorbents for binding organic substances, heavy metals, or biomolecules. To determine the impact of the DMSPS monomer on the final properties of DMSPS-co-DVB nanocomposites, several techniques were applied to reveal the nano-dimensional structure (SAXS), texture (low-temperature nitrogen sorption), general morphology (SEM), acid-base properties (potentiometric titration), and surface chemistry and phase bonding effectiveness (FTIR/ATR spectroscopy). Finally, kinetic studies of aniline sorption on polymeric materials were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Bosacka
- Department of Fundamental Technologies, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zienkiewicz-Strzalka
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Derylo-Marczewska
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chrzanowska
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Blachnio
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Beata Podkoscielna
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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2
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Mudassir MA, Aslam HZ, Ansari TM, Zhang H, Hussain I. Fundamentals and Design-Led Synthesis of Emulsion-Templated Porous Materials for Environmental Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102540. [PMID: 34553500 PMCID: PMC8596121 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Emulsion templating is at the forefront of producing a wide array of porous materials that offers interconnected porous structure, easy permeability, homogeneous flow-through, high diffusion rates, convective mass transfer, and direct accessibility to interact with atoms/ions/molecules throughout the exterior and interior of the bulk. These interesting features together with easily available ingredients, facile preparation methods, flexible pore-size tuning protocols, controlled surface modification strategies, good physicochemical and dimensional stability, lightweight, convenient processing and subsequent recovery, superior pollutants remediation/monitoring performance, and decent recyclability underscore the benchmark potential of the emulsion-templated porous materials in large-scale practical environmental applications. To this end, many research breakthroughs in emulsion templating technique witnessed by the recent achievements have been widely unfolded and currently being extensively explored to address many of the environmental challenges. Taking into account the burgeoning progress of the emulsion-templated porous materials in the environmental field, this review article provides a conceptual overview of emulsions and emulsion templating technique, sums up the general procedures to design and fabricate many state-of-the-art emulsion-templated porous materials, and presents a critical overview of their marked momentum in adsorption, separation, disinfection, catalysis/degradation, capture, and sensing of the inorganic, organic and biological contaminants in water and air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahmad Mudassir
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringSBA School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE)Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS)Lahore54792Pakistan
- Department of ChemistryKhwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology (KFUEIT)Rahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan
- Institute of Chemical SciencesBahauddin Zakariya University (BZU)Multan60800Pakistan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolOxford StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Hafiz Zohaib Aslam
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringSBA School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE)Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS)Lahore54792Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood Ansari
- Institute of Chemical SciencesBahauddin Zakariya University (BZU)Multan60800Pakistan
| | - Haifei Zhang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolOxford StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Irshad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringSBA School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE)Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS)Lahore54792Pakistan
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3
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Kramer S, Krajnc P. Hierarchically Porous Microspheres by Thiol-ene Photopolymerization of High Internal Phase Emulsions-in-Water Colloidal Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3366. [PMID: 34641179 PMCID: PMC8512400 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A facile method for the preparation of hierarchically porous spherical particles using high internal phase water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) double emulsions via the photopolymerization of the water-in-oil high internal phase emulsion (w/o HIPE) was developed. Visible-light photopolymerization was used for the synthesis of microspherical particles. The HIP emulsion had an internal phase volume of 80% and an oil phase containing either thiol pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP) or trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) (TMPTMP) and acrylate trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). This enabled the preparation of microspheres with an open porous morphology, on both the surface and within the microsphere, with high yields in a batch manner. The effect of the thiol-to-acrylate ratio on the microsphere diameter, pore and window diameter, and degradation was investigated. It is shown that thiol has a minor effect on the microsphere and pore diameter, while the acrylate ratio affects the degradation speed, which decreases with increasing acrylate content. The possibility of free thiol group functionalization was demonstrated by a reaction with allylamine, while the microsphere adsorption capabilities were tested by the adsorption of methylene blue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Krajnc
- PolyOrgLab, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
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4
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Koler A, Kolar M, Jeřábek K, Krajnc P. Influence of Functional Group Concentration on Hypercrosslinking of Poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) PolyHIPEs: Upgrading Macroporosity with Nanoporosity. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162721. [PMID: 34451260 PMCID: PMC8399335 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim to study the influence of monomer ratio in poly(high internal phase emulsions) (polyHIPEs) on the polymer network architecture and morphology of poly(vinylbenzyl chloride-co-divinylbenzene-co-styrene) after hypercrosslinking via the internal Friedel–Crafts process, polyHIPEs with 80% overall porosity were prepared at three different initial crosslinking degrees, namely 2, 5, and 10 mol.%. All had typical interconnected cellular morphology, which was not affected by the hypercrosslinking process. Nitrogen adsorption and desorption experiments with BET and t-plot modelling were used for the evaluation of the newly introduced nanoporosity and in combination with elemental analysis for the evaluation of the extent of the hypercrosslinking. It was found that, for all three initial crosslinking degrees, the minimum amount of functional monomer, 4-vinylbenzyl chloride, was approximately 30 mol.%. Hypercrosslinking of polymers with lower concentrations of functional monomer did not result in induction of nanoporosity while the initial crosslinking degree had a much lower impact on the formation of nanoporosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadeja Koler
- PolyOrgLab, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Mitja Kolar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Karel Jeřábek
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 2/135, CZ-165 02 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Peter Krajnc
- PolyOrgLab, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Correspondence:
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5
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Paljevac M, Krajnc P. Hierarchically porous poly(glycidyl methacrylate) through hard sphere and high internal phase emulsion templating. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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6
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Matsumoto H, Hoshino Y, Iwai T, Sawamura M, Miura Y. Polystyrene-Cross-Linking Triphenylphosphine on a Porous Monolith: Enhanced Catalytic Activity for Aryl Chloride Cross-Coupling in Biphasic Flow. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Matsumoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yu Hoshino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Iwai
- Department of Chemistry, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masaya Sawamura
- Department of Chemistry, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Miura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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7
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Zhang T, Sanguramath RA, Israel S, Silverstein MS. Emulsion Templating: Porous Polymers and Beyond. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | | | - Sima Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Michael S. Silverstein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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9
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Kawada K, Okano K, Iskra J, Krajnc P, Cahard D. SelectfluorTMon a PolyHIPE Material as Regenerative and Reusable Polymer-Supported Electrophilic Fluorinating Agent. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kawada
- Tosoh F-Tech, Inc. 4988, Kaisei-Cho, Shunan; 746-0006 Yamaguchi Japan
- Current address: Bio-Fine Chemicals Dept, Life Sciences Division; Mitsubishi Corporation; Marunouchi Park Bldg., 6-1, Marunouchi 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku 100-8086 Tokyo Japan
| | - Koji Okano
- Tosoh F-Tech, Inc. 4988, Kaisei-Cho, Shunan; 746-0006 Yamaguchi Japan
| | - Jernej Iskra
- Jozef Stefan Institute.; Jamova cesta 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Peter Krajnc
- University of Maribor; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, PolyOrgLab.; Smetanova 17 2000 Maribor Slovenia
| | - Dominique Cahard
- UMR 6014 CNRS COBRA; Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN.; 76821 Mont Saint Aignan France
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10
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Mathieu K, Jérôme C, Debuigne A. Influence of the Macromolecular Surfactant Features and Reactivity on Morphology and Surface Properties of Emulsion-Templated Porous Polymers. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Mathieu
- Center
for Education and
Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Department of Chemistry, University of Liege (ULg), Sart-Tilman, Building B6a, 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Christine Jérôme
- Center
for Education and
Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Department of Chemistry, University of Liege (ULg), Sart-Tilman, Building B6a, 4000 Liège Belgium
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center
for Education and
Research on Macromolecules (CERM), Department of Chemistry, University of Liege (ULg), Sart-Tilman, Building B6a, 4000 Liège Belgium
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11
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Metal nanoparticles immobilized on ion-exchange resins: A versatile and effective catalyst platform for sustainable chemistry. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(15)60865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Jing G, Yu H, Wang L, Shan J, Huang J, Zain-ul-Abdin, Zhao Y, Chen Y. Synthesis and properties of polystyrene-based polyHIPEs reinforced with quadruple hydrogen bond functionality. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0791-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Johnson DW, Langford CR, Didsbury MP, Lipp B, Przyborski SA, Cameron NR. Fully biodegradable and biocompatible emulsion templated polymer scaffolds by thiol-acrylate polymerization of polycaprolactone macromonomers. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00721f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polycaprolactone triacrylate is used to make fully biodegradable and biocompatible tissue engineering scaffolds by emulsion templating and thiol-acrylate photopolymerisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C. R. Langford
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- Durham
- UK
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | | | - B. Lipp
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- Durham
- UK
| | - S. A. Przyborski
- School of Biological and Biomedical Science
- Durham University
- Durham
- UK
| | - N. R. Cameron
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- Durham
- UK
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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14
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Hughes JM, Budd PM, Tiede K, Lewis J. Polymerized high internal phase emulsion monoliths for the chromatographic separation of engineered nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Hughes
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Peter M. Budd
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Karen Tiede
- Food and Environment Research Agency (Fera); Sand Hutton York United Kingdom
| | - John Lewis
- Food and Environment Research Agency (Fera); Sand Hutton York United Kingdom
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15
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Macroporous materials from water-in-oil high internal phase emulsion stabilized solely by water-dispersible copolymer particles. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Liguori F, Coiai S, Passaglia E, Barbaro P. Strong Cation Exchange with Innocence: Synthesis and Characterization of Borate Containing Resins and Macroporous Monoliths. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401120v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Liguori
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici,
Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Serena Coiai
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici,
UOS Pisa, via Moruzzi 1, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Passaglia
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici,
UOS Pisa, via Moruzzi 1, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Barbaro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici,
Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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17
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Preparation of macroporous polyHIPE foams via radiation-induced polymerization at room temperature. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-2899-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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19
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High Internal Phase Emulsion Templating - A Path To Hierarchically Porous Functional Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:1731-46. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Wu D, Xu F, Sun B, Fu R, He H, Matyjaszewski K. Design and Preparation of Porous Polymers. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3959-4015. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200440z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1339] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dingcai Wu
- Materials Science Institute,
Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of
Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's
Republic of China
| | - Fei Xu
- Materials Science Institute,
Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of
Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's
Republic of China
| | - Bin Sun
- Materials Science Institute,
Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of
Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's
Republic of China
| | - Ruowen Fu
- Materials Science Institute,
Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of
Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's
Republic of China
| | - Hongkun He
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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21
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Sevšek U, Krajnc P. Methacrylic acid microcellular highly porous monoliths: Preparation and functionalisation. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Kovačič S, Jeřabek K, Krajnc P. Responsive Poly(acrylic acid) and Poly(N
-isopropylacrylamide) Monoliths by High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE) Templating. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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23
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Dong X, Wang Y, Huang Y, Liu J, Jing X. Preparation of GSH-functionalized porous dextran for the selective binding of GST by high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12567b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Ahmed A, Clowes R, Willneff E, Myers P, Zhang H. Porous silica spheres in macroporous structures and on nanofibres. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2010; 368:4351-4370. [PMID: 20732891 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2010.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Porous nanospheres have a wide range of applications such as in catalysis, separation and controlled delivery. Among these nanospheres, syntheses and applications of porous silica nanospheres have been investigated extensively. Uniform porous silica nanospheres can be synthesized using a modified Stöber method. In the present study, porous silica spheres were prepared in the pre-formed emulsion-templated porous polyacrylamide (PAM). A hierarchical hybrid structure of mesoporous silica spheres was formed in the highly interconnected macroporous polymer. The polymer scaffold could be removed by calcination with porous silica spheres and the macroporous structures retained. This resulted from the close packing or aggregation of small silica nanospheres in the pores and on the surface of pores of PAM. The modified Stöber synthesis was further carried out in pre-formed polymer nanofibres (chitosan and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose). The structure of porous silica spheres on nanofibres was produced in the presence of the polymer or composite fibres. The corresponding inorganic structures were successfully obtained after calcination. The hierarchical structures of porous nanospheres within macroporous structures or on nanofibres are of potential interest to researchers in nanomaterials, porous polymers, supported catalysis and controlled delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adham Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
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25
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Tripp JA, Needham TP, Ripp EM, Konzman BG, Homnick PJ. A continuous-flow electrophile scavenger prepared by a simple grafting procedure. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Ikem VO, Menner A, Bismarck A. High-porosity macroporous polymers sythesized from titania-particle-stabilized medium and high internal phase emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:8836-8841. [PMID: 20151659 DOI: 10.1021/la9046066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Particle-stabilized high internal phase emulsions have been used to synthesize tough and very high porosity macroporus polymers with a closed-cell pore structure. In this study, we show that Pickering water-in-oil emulsion templates with up to an 85 vol % internal phase can be stabilized by only 1 wt % of titania particles with their surfaces suitably modified by the adsorption of 3.5 +/- 0.5 wt % oleic acid. The pore structure and mechanical properties of the resulting macroporous polymers were tailored by altering the internal phase volume ratio of the emulsion template and the titania particle concentration used to stabilize the emulsion templates. The pore size and pore size distributions increase with increasing internal phase volume of the emulsion template as well as decreasing titania particle concentration used to stabilize the emulsion template. The mechanical properties, namely, Young's modulus and the crush strength of the macroporous polymers, increased with decreasing porosity and increasing foam density. The toughest macroporous polymer had the lowest porosity but also the smallest pore size and narrowest pore size distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian O Ikem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polymer & Composite Engineering Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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27
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Grant NC, Cooper AI, Zhang H. Uploading and temperature-controlled release of polymeric colloids via hydrophilic emulsion-templated porous polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2010; 2:1400-1406. [PMID: 20423103 DOI: 10.1021/am100049r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Porous cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) was prepared using high internal phase emulsions as templates. The materials could absorb a large volume of water and swell largely at room temperature. When the aqueous phase was heated above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM, the swollen structure could contract and squeeze some of the absorbed liquids out. This capability was utilized in the uploading at room temperature and then release of polystyrene colloids by increasing the temperature above the LCST. The thermoresponsive porous PNIPAM acted like a pump to load and then release the polymer colloids. The multicycles of loading and release were demonstrated to show its efficiency. Importantly, it showed that most of the PS colloids from the second upload onward could be released during the heating cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Grant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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