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Visible light-induced crosslinking of unmodified gelatin with PEGDA for DLP-3D printable hydrogels. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Dellago B, Ricke A, Geyer T, Liska R, Baudis S. Photopolymerizable precursors for degradable biomaterials based on acetal moieties. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Kumar H, Sakthivel K, Mohamed MGA, Boras E, Shin SR, Kim K. Designing Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA)-Based Bioinks for Visible Light Stereolithographic 3D Biofabrication. Macromol Biosci 2020; 21:e2000317. [PMID: 33043610 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioinks play a key role in determining the capability of the biofabricatoin processes and the resolution of the printed constructs. Excellent biocompatibility, tunable physical properties, and ease of chemical or biological modifications of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) have made it an attractive choice as bioinks for biomanufacturing of various tissues or organs. However, the current preparation methods for GelMA-based bioinks lack the ability to tailor their physical properties for desired bioprinting methods. Inherently, GelMA prepolymer solution exhibits a fast sol-gel transition at room temperature, which is a hurdle for its use in stereolithography (SLA) bioprinting. Here, synthesis parameters are optimized such as solvents, pH, and reaction time to develop GelMA bioinks which have a slow sol-gel transition at room temperature and visible light crosslinkable functions. A total of eight GelMA combinations are identified as suitable for digital light processing (DLP)-based SLA (DLP-SLA) bioprinting through systematic characterizations of their physical and rheological properties. Out of various types of GelMA, those synthesized in reverse osmosis (RO) purified water (referred to as RO-GelMA) are regarded as most suitable to achieve high DLP-SLA printing resolution. RO-GelMA-based bioinks are also found to be biocompatible showing high survival rates of encapsulated cells in the photocrosslinked gels. Additionally, the astrocytes and fibroblasts are observed to grow and integrate well within the bioprinted constructs. The bioink's superior physical and photocrosslinking properties offer pathways of tuning the scaffold microenvironment and highlight the applicability of developed GelMA bioinks in various tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitendra Kumar
- School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Kabilan Sakthivel
- School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Mohamed G A Mohamed
- School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Emilie Boras
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Keekyoung Kim
- School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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Van Hoorick J, Tytgat L, Dobos A, Ottevaere H, Van Erps J, Thienpont H, Ovsianikov A, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. (Photo-)crosslinkable gelatin derivatives for biofabrication applications. Acta Biomater 2019; 97:46-73. [PMID: 31344513 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the recent decades gelatin has proven to be very suitable as an extracellular matrix mimic for biofabrication and tissue engineering applications. However, gelatin is prone to dissolution at typical cell culture conditions and is therefore often chemically modified to introduce (photo-)crosslinkable functionalities. These modifications allow to tune the material properties of gelatin, making it suitable for a wide range of biofabrication techniques both as a bioink and as a biomaterial ink (component). The present review provides a non-exhaustive overview of the different reported gelatin modification strategies to yield crosslinkable materials that can be used to form hydrogels suitable for biofabrication applications. The different crosslinking chemistries are discussed and classified according to their mechanism including chain-growth and step-growth polymerization. The step-growth polymerization mechanisms are further classified based on the specific chemistry including different (photo-)click chemistries and reversible systems. The benefits and drawbacks of each chemistry are also briefly discussed. Furthermore, focus is placed on different biofabrication strategies using either inkjet, deposition or light-based additive manufacturing techniques, and the applications of the obtained 3D constructs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Gelatin and more specifically gelatin-methacryloyl has emerged to become one of the gold standard materials as an extracellular matrix mimic in the field of biofabrication. However, also other modification strategies have been elaborated to take advantage of a plethora of crosslinking chemistries. Therefore, a review paper focusing on the different modification strategies and processing of gelatin is presented. Particular attention is paid to the underlying chemistry along with the benefits and drawbacks of each type of crosslinking chemistry. The different strategies were classified based on their basic crosslinking mechanism including chain- or step-growth polymerization. Within the step-growth classification, a further distinction is made between click chemistries as well as other strategies. The influence of these modifications on the physical gelation and processing conditions including mechanical properties is presented. Additionally, substantial attention is put to the applied photoinitiators and the different biofabrication technologies including inkjet, deposition or light-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Van Hoorick
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group - Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) - Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT) - Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Tytgat
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group - Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) - Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT) - Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Agnes Dobos
- Research Group 3D Printing and Biofabrication, Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidi Ottevaere
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT) - Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Van Erps
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT) - Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hugo Thienpont
- Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT) - Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aleksandr Ovsianikov
- Research Group 3D Printing and Biofabrication, Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group - Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) - Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group - Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) - Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT) - Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel and Flanders Make, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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van Bochove B, Grijpma DW. Photo-crosslinked synthetic biodegradable polymer networks for biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2019; 30:77-106. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2018.1553105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bas van Bochove
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk W. Grijpma
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technical Medical Centre University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute, University Medical Centre, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Controlling Cell Functions and Fate with Surfaces and Hydrogels: The Role of Material Features in Cell Adhesion and Signal Transduction. Gels 2016; 2:gels2010012. [PMID: 30674144 PMCID: PMC6318664 DOI: 10.3390/gels2010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In their natural environment, cells are constantly exposed to a cohort of biochemical and biophysical signals that govern their functions and fate. Therefore, materials for biomedical applications, either in vivo or in vitro, should provide a replica of the complex patterns of biological signals. Thus, the development of a novel class of biomaterials requires, on the one side, the understanding of the dynamic interactions occurring at the interface of cells and materials; on the other, it requires the development of technologies able to integrate multiple signals precisely organized in time and space. A large body of studies aimed at investigating the mechanisms underpinning cell-material interactions is mostly based on 2D systems. While these have been instrumental in shaping our understanding of the recognition of and reaction to material stimuli, they lack the ability to capture central features of the natural cellular environment, such as dimensionality, remodelling and degradability. In this work, we review the fundamental traits of material signal sensing and cell response. We then present relevant technologies and materials that enable fabricating systems able to control various aspects of cell behavior, and we highlight potential differences that arise from 2D and 3D settings.
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Mautner A, Steinbauer B, Orman S, Russmüller G, Macfelda K, Koch T, Stampfl J, Liska R. Tough photopolymers based on vinyl esters for biomedical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mautner
- Institute for Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology; Vienna Austria
- Polymer and Composite Engineering Group; Institute for Materials Chemistry and Research, University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Barbara Steinbauer
- Institute for Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology; Vienna Austria
| | - Sandra Orman
- Institute for Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology; Vienna Austria
| | - Günter Russmüller
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Karin Macfelda
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Thomas Koch
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Vienna University of Technology; Vienna Austria
| | - Jürgen Stampfl
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Vienna University of Technology; Vienna Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute for Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology; Vienna Austria
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Van Hoorick J, Declercq H, De Muynck A, Houben A, Van Hoorebeke L, Cornelissen R, Van Erps J, Thienpont H, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. Indirect additive manufacturing as an elegant tool for the production of self-supporting low density gelatin scaffolds. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:247. [PMID: 26411443 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes for the first time the production of self-supporting low gelatin density (<10 w/v%) porous scaffolds using methacrylamide-modified gelatin as an extracellular matrix mimicking component. As porous scaffolds starting from low gelatin concentrations cannot be realized with the conventional additive manufacturing techniques in the abscence of additives, we applied an indirect fused deposition modelling approach. To realize this, we have printed a sacrificial polyester scaffold which supported the hydrogel material during UV crosslinking, thereby preventing hydrogel structure collapse. After complete curing, the polyester scaffold was selectively dissolved leaving behind a porous, interconnective low density gelatin scaffold. Scaffold structural analysis indicated the success of the selected indirect additive manufacturing approach. Physico-chemical testing revealed scaffold properties (mechanical, degradation, swelling) to depend on the applied gelatin concentration and methacrylamide content. Preliminary biocompatibility studies revealed the cell-interactive and biocompatible properties of the materials developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Van Hoorick
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Belgium
| | - Heidi Declercq
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 6B3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amelie De Muynck
- UGCT - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annemie Houben
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ria Cornelissen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 6B3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Van Erps
- Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Belgium
| | - Hugo Thienpont
- Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Belgium.
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Mi HY, Jing X, Turng LS. Fabrication of porous synthetic polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering. J CELL PLAST 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x14531002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering provides a novel and promising approach to replace damaged tissue with an artificial substitute. Porous synthetic biodegradable polymers are the preferred materials for this substitution due to their microstructure, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low cost. As a crucial element in tissue engineering, a scaffold acts as an artificial extracellular matrix (ECM) and provides support for cell migration, differentiation, and reproduction. The fabrication of viable scaffolds, however, has been a challenge in both clinical and academic settings. Methods such as solvent casting/particle leaching, thermally induced phase separation (TIPS), electrospinning, gas foaming, and rapid prototyping (additive manufacturing) have been developed or introduced for scaffold fabrication. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. In this review, the commonly used synthetic polymer scaffold fabrication methods will be introduced and discussed in detail, and recent progress regarding scaffold fabrication—such as combining different scaffold fabrication methods, combining various materials, and improving current scaffold fabrication methods—will be reviewed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yang Mi
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI , USA
| | - Xin Jing
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI , USA
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI , USA
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Skoog SA, Goering PL, Narayan RJ. Stereolithography in tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:845-856. [PMID: 24306145 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Several recent research efforts have focused on use of computer-aided additive fabrication technologies, commonly referred to as additive manufacturing, rapid prototyping, solid freeform fabrication, or three-dimensional printing technologies, to create structures for tissue engineering. For example, scaffolds for tissue engineering may be processed using rapid prototyping technologies, which serve as matrices for cell ingrowth, vascularization, as well as transport of nutrients and waste. Stereolithography is a photopolymerization-based rapid prototyping technology that involves computer-driven and spatially controlled irradiation of liquid resin. This technology enables structures with precise microscale features to be prepared directly from a computer model. In this review, use of stereolithography for processing trimethylene carbonate, polycaprolactone, and poly(D,L-lactide) poly(propylene fumarate)-based materials is considered. In addition, incorporation of bioceramic fillers for fabrication of bioceramic scaffolds is reviewed. Use of stereolithography for processing of patient-specific implantable scaffolds is also discussed. In addition, use of photopolymerization-based rapid prototyping technology, known as two-photon polymerization, for production of tissue engineering scaffolds with smaller features than conventional stereolithography technology is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby A Skoog
- Division of Biology, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
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Pereira RF, Bártolo PJ. Photocrosslinkable Materials for the Fabrication of Tissue-Engineered Constructs by Stereolithography. TISSUE ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7073-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Billiet T, Van Gasse B, Gevaert E, Cornelissen M, Martins JC, Dubruel P. Quantitative contrasts in the photopolymerization of acrylamide and methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin hydrogel building blocks. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:1531-45. [PMID: 24000135 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and evaluation of gelatin acrylamide as an alternative to the well-established gelatin methacrylamide are reported. High-resolution magic angle spinning NMR is used for the quantitative determination of the chemical cross-linking density. The gelatin acrylamide precursors reveal enhanced cross-linking in terms of reactivity and double bond conversion, resulting in stronger networks. Remarkably, even at very low double bond conversions, ≈5%, gel fractions of ≈40% are obtained. The cross-linked networks are also reviewed in the framework of the rubber elasticity and thermodynamic swelling theories to estimate important nanostructural properties. Preliminary cell tests revealed that highly viable (>90%) cell-laden constructs are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Billiet
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4 Bis, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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Moroni L, Nandakumar A, de Groot FB, van Blitterswijk CA, Habibovic P. Plug and play: combining materials and technologies to improve bone regenerative strategies. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 9:745-59. [PMID: 23671062 DOI: 10.1002/term.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the development of biomaterials intended to replace natural bone grafts for the regeneration of large, clinically relevant defects, most synthetic solutions that are currently applied in the clinic are still inferior to natural bone grafts with regard to regenerative potential and are limited to non-weight-bearing applications. From a materials science perspective, we always face the conundrum of the preservation of bioactivity of calcium phosphate ceramics in spite of better mechanical and handling properties and processability of polymers. Composites have long been investigated as a method to marry these critical properties for the successful regeneration of bone and, indeed, have shown a significant improvement when used in combination with cells or growth factors. However, when looking at this approach from a clinical and regulatory perspective, the use of cells or biologicals prolongs the path of new treatments from the bench to the bedside. Applying 'smart' synthetic materials alone poses the fascinating challenge of instructing tissue regeneration in situ, thereby tremendously facilitating clinical translation. In the journey to make this possible, and with the aim of adding up the advantages of different biomaterials, combinations of fabrication technologies arise as a new strategy for generating instructive three-dimensional (3D) constructs for bone regeneration. Here we provide a review of recent technologies and approaches to create such constructs and give our perspective on how combinations of technologies and materials can help in obtaining more functional bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine (MIRA), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Anandkumar Nandakumar
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine (MIRA), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine (MIRA), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibovic
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine (MIRA), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Photopolymerization Reactions: On the Way to a Green and Sustainable Chemistry. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/app3020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Biofabrication of Hydrogel Constructs. DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES POTENTIALLY APPLICABLE IN PERSONALISED TREATMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6010-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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17
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Exploring the Future of Hydrogels in Rapid Prototyping: A Review on Current Trends and Limitations. SPRINGER SERIES IN BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4328-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Billiet T, Vandenhaute M, Schelfhout J, Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P. A review of trends and limitations in hydrogel-rapid prototyping for tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2012; 33:6020-41. [PMID: 22681979 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 690] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The combined potential of hydrogels and rapid prototyping technologies has been an exciting route in developing tissue engineering scaffolds for the past decade. Hydrogels represent to be an interesting starting material for soft, and lately also for hard tissue regeneration. Their application enables the encapsulation of cells and therefore an increase of the seeding efficiency of the fabricated structures. Rapid prototyping techniques on the other hand, have become an elegant tool for the production of scaffolds with the purpose of cell seeding and/or cell encapsulation. By means of rapid prototyping, one can design a fully interconnected 3-dimensional structure with pre-determined dimensions and porosity. Despite this benefit, some of the rapid prototyping techniques are not or less suitable for the generation of hydrogel scaffolds. In this review, we therefore give an overview on the different rapid prototyping techniques suitable for the processing of hydrogel materials. A primary distinction will be made between (i) laser-based, (ii) nozzle-based, and (iii) printer-based systems. Special attention will be addressed to current trends and limitations regarding the respective techniques. Each of these techniques will be further discussed in terms of the different hydrogel materials used so far. One major drawback when working with hydrogels is the lack of mechanical strength. Therefore, maintaining and improving the mechanical integrity of the processed scaffolds has become a key issue regarding 3-dimensional hydrogel structures. This limitation can either be overcome during or after processing the scaffolds, depending on the applied technology and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Billiet
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4 Bis, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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Baudis S, Nehl F, Ligon SC, Nigisch A, Bergmeister H, Bernhard D, Stampfl J, Liska R. Elastomeric degradable biomaterials by photopolymerization-based CAD-CAM for vascular tissue engineering. Biomed Mater 2011; 6:055003. [PMID: 21849722 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/6/5/055003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A predominant portion of mortalities in industrial countries can be attributed to diseases of the cardiovascular system. In the last decades great efforts have been undertaken to develop materials for artificial vascular constructs. However, bio-inert materials like ePTFE or PET fail as material for narrow blood vessel replacements (coronary bypasses). Therefore, we aim to design new biocompatible materials to overcome this. In this paper we investigate the use of photoelastomers for artificial vascular constructs since they may be precisely structured by means of additive manufacturing technologies. Hence, 3D computer aided design and manufacturing technologies (CAD-CAM) offer the possibility of creating cellular structures within the grafts that might favour ingrowth of tissue. Different monomer formulations were screened concerning their suitability for this application but all had drawbacks, especially concerning the suture tear resistance. Therefore, we chose to modify the original network architecture by including dithiol chain transfer agents which effectively co-react with the acrylates and reduce crosslink density. A commercial urethane diacrylate was chosen as base monomer. In combination with reactive diluents and dithiols, the properties of the photopolymers could be tailored and degradability could be introduced. The optimized photoelastomers were in good mechanical accordance with native blood vessels, showed good biocompatibility in in vitro tests, degraded similar to poly(lactic acid) and were successfully manufactured with the 3D CAD-CAM technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Baudis
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
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Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P, Schacht E. Biopolymer-based hydrogels as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: a review. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1387-408. [PMID: 21388145 DOI: 10.1021/bm200083n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1079] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are physically or chemically cross-linked polymer networks that are able to absorb large amounts of water. They can be classified into different categories depending on various parameters including the preparation method, the charge, and the mechanical and structural characteristics. The present review aims to give an overview of hydrogels based on natural polymers and their various applications in the field of tissue engineering. In a first part, relevant parameters describing different hydrogel properties and the strategies applied to finetune these characteristics will be described. In a second part, an important class of biopolymers that possess thermosensitive properties (UCST or LCST behavior) will be discussed. Another part of the review will be devoted to the application of cryogels. Finally, the most relevant biopolymer-based hydrogel systems, the different methods of preparation, as well as an in depth overview of the applications in the field of tissue engineering will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Moayeri A, Lessard B, Maric M. Nitroxide mediated controlled synthesis of glycidyl methacrylate-rich copolymers enabled by SG1-based alkoxyamines bearing succinimidyl ester groups. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00190f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Stampfl J, Pettermann HE, Liska R. Bioinspired Cellular Structures: Additive Manufacturing and Mechanical Properties. BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL PHYSICS, BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-11934-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Melchels FP, Feijen J, Grijpma DW. A review on stereolithography and its applications in biomedical engineering. Biomaterials 2010; 31:6121-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1125] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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