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Dau H, Jones GR, Tsogtgerel E, Nguyen D, Keyes A, Liu YS, Rauf H, Ordonez E, Puchelle V, Basbug Alhan H, Zhao C, Harth E. Linear Block Copolymer Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14471-14553. [PMID: 35960550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers form the basis of the most ubiquitous materials such as thermoplastic elastomers, bridge interphases in polymer blends, and are fundamental for the development of high-performance materials. The driving force to further advance these materials is the accessibility of block copolymers, which have a wide variety in composition, functional group content, and precision of their structure. To advance and broaden the application of block copolymers will depend on the nature of combined segmented blocks, guided through the combination of polymerization techniques to reach a high versatility in block copolymer architecture and function. This review provides the most comprehensive overview of techniques to prepare linear block copolymers and is intended to serve as a guideline on how polymerization techniques can work together to result in desired block combinations. As the review will give an account of the relevant procedures and access areas, the sections will include orthogonal approaches or sequentially combined polymerization techniques, which increases the synthetic options for these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Dau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Glen R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Enkhjargal Tsogtgerel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Dung Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Anthony Keyes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Hasaan Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Estela Ordonez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Valentin Puchelle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Hatice Basbug Alhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Chenying Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
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2
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Xiao LL, Zhou X, Yue K, Guo ZH. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Conjugated Block Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E110. [PMID: 33383927 PMCID: PMC7796117 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, conjugated polymers (CPs) have drawn great attention due to their excellent conductivity and charge mobility, rendering them broad applications in organic electronics. Controlling over the morphologies and nanostructures of CPs is very important to improve the performance of CP-based devices, which is still a tremendously difficult task. Conjugated block copolymers (cBCPs), composed of different CP blocks or CP coupled with coiled polymeric blocks, not only maintain the advantages of high conductivity and mobility but also demonstrate features of morphological versatility and tunability. Due to the strong π-π interaction and crystallinity of the conjugated backbones, the self-assembly behaviors of cBCPs are very complicated and largely remain to be explored. In this tutorial review, we first summarize the general synthetic methods for different types of cBCPs. Then, recent studies on the self-assembly behaviors of cBCPs are discussed, with an emphasis on the structural factors that affect the morphologies of cBCPs both in bulk and thin film states. Finally, we briefly provide our outlook on the future research of the self-assembly of cBCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Xiao
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.-L.X.); (X.Z.); (K.Y.)
| | - Xu Zhou
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.-L.X.); (X.Z.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kan Yue
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.-L.X.); (X.Z.); (K.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zi-Hao Guo
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (L.-L.X.); (X.Z.); (K.Y.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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3
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Brunner PLM, Masse JP, L’Espérance G, Wuest JD. Imaging layers in thin-film molecular devices by transmission electron microscopy, using milling by focused ion beams and deposition on NaCl and Si. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The performance of molecule-based thin-film devices such as organic light-emitting diodes, photovoltaic cells, and thin-film transistors depends on the electronic properties of the individual molecular components, as well as on their association to form complex morphologies. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to image the morphologies and help reveal how the devices work and can be improved. We have examined the suitability of various ways to prepare samples of thin molecular films for imaging by TEM. Specifically, we have used focused ion beams to mill cross sections of complete devices that have been glued together with epoxy adhesives. In addition, thin films of the type used as active layers in molecule-based devices can be deposited on disks of NaCl, which can then be dissolved in water to release free-standing films that can be imaged by TEM, without loss of nanostructural details. Films of this type can also be deposited on Si wafers, which can then be fractured to expose sections of film that overhang edges of fragments and can be imaged conveniently by TEM. This allows TEM to be used as a quick method for screening samples and monitoring the purification of active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Philippe Masse
- Centre de caractérisation microscopique des matériaux (CM)2, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Gilles L’Espérance
- Centre de caractérisation microscopique des matériaux (CM)2, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - James D. Wuest
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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4
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Van Den Eede MP, Van Gestel L, Koeckelberghs G. Expression of Chirality in Tailor-Made Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lore Van Gestel
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Guy Koeckelberghs
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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5
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Mombrú D, Romero M, Faccio R, Mombrú AW. Raman Microscopy Insights on the Out-of-Plane Electrical Transport of Carbon Nanotube-Doped PEDOT:PSS Electrodes for Solar Cell Applications. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:2694-2701. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Mombrú
- Centro NanoMat/CryssMat/Física, DETEMA Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo C.P. 11800, Uruguay
| | - Mariano Romero
- Centro NanoMat/CryssMat/Física, DETEMA Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo C.P. 11800, Uruguay
| | - Ricardo Faccio
- Centro NanoMat/CryssMat/Física, DETEMA Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo C.P. 11800, Uruguay
| | - Alvaro W. Mombrú
- Centro NanoMat/CryssMat/Física, DETEMA Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo C.P. 11800, Uruguay
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6
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Verheyen L, Leysen P, Van Den Eede MP, Ceunen W, Hardeman T, Koeckelberghs G. Advances in the controlled polymerization of conjugated polymers. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Van Den Eede MP, Bedi A, Delabie J, De Winter J, Gerbaux P, Koeckelberghs G. The influence of the end-group on the chiral self-assembly of all-conjugated block copolymers. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01043e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This research demonstrates the influence of the end-group on the self-assembly of conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Bedi
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - J. Delabie
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - J. De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory
- Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry
- University of Mons-UMONS
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - P. Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory
- Interdisciplinary Center for Mass Spectrometry
- University of Mons-UMONS
- 7000 Mons
- Belgium
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8
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Qiao Y, Du Y, Liu Y, Li Y. Synthesis and optoelectronics properties of diblock copolymer of P3HT containing thiol-side chains and its hybrid nanocomposite. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19895c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DP-P3HT-SH in global, leaf-like and elliptical shape states exhibiting broad absorption spectra between 300 nm and 650 nm, and the conductivity values of a DP-P3HT-S-AuNPs hybrid nanoparticle film as a function of the weight content of AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisha Qiao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200072
- China
| | - Yixuan Du
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200072
- China
| | - Yinfeng Liu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200072
- China
| | - Yunbo Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200072
- China
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9
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Yu X, Yang H, Wu S, Wang L, Geng Y, Han Y. Crystallization-dominated and microphase separation/crystallization-coexisted structure of all-conjugated phenylene-thiophene diblock copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
| | - Shupeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 5625 Renmin Street Changchun 130022 China
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10
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Handa NV, Serrano AV, Robb MJ, Hawker CJ. Exploring the synthesis and impact of end-functional poly(3-hexylthiophene). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha V. Handa
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Abigail V. Serrano
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Maxwell J. Robb
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Materials Department; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
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11
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Li J, Li X, Ni D, Wang J, Tu G, Zhu J. Self-assembly of poly(3-hexyl thiophene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) into cylindrical micelles in binary solvent mixtures. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Li
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Materials and Systems of the Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST); Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory of Optoelectronics; HUST; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Debin Ni
- Wuhan National Laboratory of Optoelectronics; HUST; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Jianying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Materials and Systems of the Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST); Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Guoli Tu
- Wuhan National Laboratory of Optoelectronics; HUST; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Materials and Systems of the Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST); Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
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12
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Nakabayashi K, Mori H. Donor-Acceptor Block Copolymers: Synthesis and Solar Cell Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 7:3274-3290. [PMID: 28788617 PMCID: PMC5453375 DOI: 10.3390/ma7043274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fullerene derivatives have been widely used for conventional acceptor materials in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) because of their high electron mobility. However, there are also considerable drawbacks for use in OPVs, such as negligible light absorption in the visible-near-IR regions, less compatibility with donor polymeric materials and high cost for synthesis and purification. Therefore, the investigation of non-fullerene acceptor materials that can potentially replace fullerene derivatives in OPVs is increasingly necessary, which gives rise to the possibility of fabricating all-polymer (polymer/polymer) solar cells that can deliver higher performance and that are potentially cheaper than fullerene-based OPVs. Recently, considerable attention has been paid to donor-acceptor (D-A) block copolymers, because of their promising applications as fullerene alternative materials in all-polymer solar cells. However, the synthesis of D-A block copolymers is still a challenge, and therefore, the establishment of an efficient synthetic method is now essential. This review highlights the recent advances in D-A block copolymers synthesis and their applications in all-polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Nakabayashi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
| | - Hideharu Mori
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16, Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan.
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13
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Yang H, Wang L, Yu X, Zhang J, Geng Y, Han Y. Nanowire shish-kebab structures and molecular orientation control of all-conjugated diblock copolymers. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:2239-48. [PMID: 24488938 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201301610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein we propose a facile strategy to prepare nanowires and nanowire "shish-kebab" (NWSK) structures by controlling the crystallization behavior of all-conjugated rod-rod diblock copolymers poly[(p-phenylene)-block-(3-hexylthiophene)]s (PPP-b-P3HT (BmTn)) with varying main chain lengths. Depending on the block length and ratio (i.e., PPP/P3HT, abbreviated as B/T), nanowires with low B/T ratios (copolymers with long P3HT blocks; B8T32 and B14T34) and NWSKs with high B/T ratios (copolymers with long PPP blocks; B29T9 and B39T18) were formed for PPP-b-P3HT all-conjugated diblock copolymers. The formation of nanowires is governed by a strong interchain π-π stacking similar to the P3HT homopolymer, with an edge-on orientation of the P3HT moiety, whereas NWSKs are formed as a result of the particular face-on molecular orientation of PPP moiety. As the length of the P3HT moiety was increased (the block ratio of PPP/P3HT reduced), the NWSKs were transformed into nanowires gradually because of the decreasing density of "kebabs". For diblock copolymers with high PPP/P3HT ratios, the transition of the molecular orientation from face-on to edge-on was obtained by thermal annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022 (China), Fax: 86-431-85262126; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049 (China)
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14
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Thomas A, Houston JE, Van den Brande N, De Winter J, Chevrier M, Heenan RK, Terry AE, Richeter S, Mehdi A, Van Mele B, Dubois P, Lazzaroni R, Gerbaux P, Evans RC, Clément S. All-conjugated cationic copolythiophene “rod–rod” block copolyelectrolytes: synthesis, optical properties and solvent-dependent assembly. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00037d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The optical and thermal properties and solvent-dependent assembly of all-conjugated cationic copolythiophene block copolyelectrolytes are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Thomas
- Institut Charles Gerhardt – UMR 5253
- Equipe Chimie Moléculaire et Organisation du Solide
- Université Montpellier 2 – CC1701
- F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
| | - Judith E. Houston
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Dublin
- Trinity College
- Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Niko Van den Brande
- Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science (FYSC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien De Winter
- Laboratory of organic synthesis and mass spectrometry
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mass Spectrometry
- University of Mons-UMONS
- B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Michèle Chevrier
- Institut Charles Gerhardt – UMR 5253
- Equipe Chimie Moléculaire et Organisation du Solide
- Université Montpellier 2 – CC1701
- F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
- Laboratory for Polymeric and Composites Materials
| | | | - Ann E. Terry
- ISIS, STFC
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Oxon OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Sébastien Richeter
- Institut Charles Gerhardt – UMR 5253
- Equipe Chimie Moléculaire et Organisation du Solide
- Université Montpellier 2 – CC1701
- F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Ahmad Mehdi
- Institut Charles Gerhardt – UMR 5253
- Equipe Chimie Moléculaire et Organisation du Solide
- Université Montpellier 2 – CC1701
- F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Bruno Van Mele
- Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science (FYSC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Laboratory for Polymeric and Composites Materials
- Center for Innovation in Materials and Polymers
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering of Materials
- University of Mons – UMONS
- B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- Center for Innovation in Materials and Polymers
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering of Materials
- University of Mons – UMONS
- B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Laboratory of organic synthesis and mass spectrometry
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mass Spectrometry
- University of Mons-UMONS
- B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Rachel C. Evans
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Dublin
- Trinity College
- Dublin 2, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN)
| | - Sébastien Clément
- Institut Charles Gerhardt – UMR 5253
- Equipe Chimie Moléculaire et Organisation du Solide
- Université Montpellier 2 – CC1701
- F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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15
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Xia H, Ye Z, Liu X, Peng J, Qiu F. Synthesis, characterization, and solution structure of all-conjugated polyelectrolyte diblock copoly(3-hexylthiophene)s. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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16
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Kudret S, Van den Brande N, Defour M, Van Mele B, Lutsen L, Vanderzande D, Maes W. Synthesis of ester side chain functionalized all-conjugated diblock copolythiophenes via the Rieke method. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01661g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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18
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Deribew D, Pavlopoulou E, Fleury G, Nicolet C, Renaud C, Mougnier SJ, Vignau L, Cloutet E, Brochon C, Cousin F, Portale G, Geoghegan M, Hadziioannou G. Crystallization-Driven Enhancement in Photovoltaic Performance through Block Copolymer Incorporation into P3HT:PCBM Blends. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302128h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dargie Deribew
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères
Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Eleni Pavlopoulou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères
Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères
Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Célia Nicolet
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères
Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Cedric Renaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères
Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien-Jun Mougnier
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères
Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Vignau
- Laboratoire de l’Intégration
du Matériau au Système (IMS), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5218, 16, Avenue Pey-Berland,
F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères
Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Cyril Brochon
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères
Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Cousin
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex,
France
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), DUBBLE-CRG at the ESRF,
Grenoble, France
| | - Mark Geoghegan
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield
Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères
Organiques (LCPO), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5629, 16 Avenue Pey-Berland, F-33607 Pessac Cedex, France
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19
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Smith KA, Lin YH, Dement DB, Strzalka J, Darling SB, Pickel DL, Verduzco R. Synthesis and Crystallinity of Conjugated Block Copolymers Prepared by Click Chemistry. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3026223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kendall A. Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, MS-362, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
| | - Yen-Hao Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, MS-362, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
| | - Dana B. Dement
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, MS-362, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
| | - Joseph Strzalka
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439,
United States
| | - Seth B. Darling
- Center for
Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439,
United States
- Institute
for Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637,
United States
| | - Deanna L. Pickel
- Center for
Nanophase Materials
Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, MS-362, 6100
Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States
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20
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Hollinger J, Sun J, Gao D, Karl D, Seferos DS. Statistical Conjugated Polymers Comprising Optoelectronically Distinct Units. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:437-41. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201200777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Lin YH, Smith KA, Kempf CN, Verduzco R. Synthesis and crystallinity of all-conjugated poly(3-hexylthiophene) block copolymers. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20830j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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23
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Gao D, Hollinger J, Seferos DS. Selenophene-thiophene block copolymer solar cells with thermostable nanostructures. ACS NANO 2012; 6:7114-7121. [PMID: 22765232 DOI: 10.1021/nn3021844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The nanostructure morphology and electron donor performance of a poly(3-hexylselenophene)-block-poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HS-b-P3HT) copolymer was studied in a photovoltaic device with a [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) acceptor. P3HS-b-P3HT forms fiberlike nanostructures spontaneously, which leads to an initial optimal device performance. Furthermore the nanostructure morphology is not greatly affected by annealing, which leads to a device stability that outperforms P3HT, P3HS, or a P3HS/P3HT mixture under identical conditions. External quantum efficiency, hole mobility, and current-voltage measurements show that the block copolymer also outperforms a ternary blend that consists of a physical mixture of P3HS, P3HT, and PCBM with the same overall composition. Overall, the observation of optimal device performance and morphology without annealing as well as enhanced thermal stability demonstrates the advantage of fully conjugated diblock copolymers in nanostructured devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gao
- Department of Chemistry, U niversity of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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24
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Hollinger J, DiCarmine PM, Karl D, Seferos DS. Heterocycle-Induced Phase Separation in Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300394u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Hollinger
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto,
Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Paul M. DiCarmine
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto,
Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dominik Karl
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto,
Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto,
Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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25
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Jo SB, Lee WH, Qiu L, Cho K. Polymer blends with semiconducting nanowires for organic electronics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm16059e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Stefan MC, Bhatt MP, Sista P, Magurudeniya HD. Grignard metathesis (GRIM) polymerization for the synthesis of conjugated block copolymers containing regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene). Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00453k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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27
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Ren G, Ahmed E, Jenekhe SA. Nanowires of oligothiophene-functionalized naphthalene diimides: self assembly, morphology, and all-nanowire bulk heterojunction solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm33787h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Ho CC, Liu YC, Lin SH, Su WF. Synthesis, Morphology, and Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-poly(3-thiophene hexylacetate). Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202164d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chih Ho
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fang Su
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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29
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Yu X, Yang H, Wu S, Geng Y, Han Y. Microphase Separation and Crystallization of All-Conjugated Phenylene–Thiophene Diblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201024z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun
Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun
Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Shupeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun
Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun
Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun
Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic
of China
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30
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Pang X, Zhao L, Feng C, Lin Z. Novel Amphiphilic Multiarm, Starlike Coil–Rod Diblock Copolymers via a Combination of Click Chemistry with Living Polymerization. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201564t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinchang Pang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Lei Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Chaowei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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31
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Topham PD, Parnell AJ, Hiorns RC. Block copolymer strategies for solar cell technology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Yu X, Xiao K, Chen J, Lavrik NV, Hong K, Sumpter BG, Geohegan DB. High-performance field-effect transistors based on polystyrene-b-poly(3-hexylthiophene) diblock copolymers. ACS NANO 2011; 5:3559-3567. [PMID: 21456581 DOI: 10.1021/nn2007964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene-b-poly(3-hexylthiophene) (PS-b-P3HT) block copolymers with fixed PS block length have been synthesized by combined atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and Grignard metathesis (GRIM) polymerization. The self-assembled structures of these diblock copolymer thin films based on PS-b-P3HT have been studied by TEM, SAED, GIXD, AFM, and additionally by first principles modeling and simulation. These block copolymers undergo microphase separation and form nanostructured spheres, lamellae, nanofibers, or nanoribbons in the films dictated by the molecular weight of the P3HT block. Within the diblock copolymer thin film, PS blocks segregate to form amorphous domains, and the covalently bonded conjugated P3HT blocks exist as highly ordered crystalline domains through intermolecular packing with their alkyl side chains aligned normal to the substrate while the thiophene rings align parallel to the substrate through π-π stacking. The conjugated PS-b-P3HT block copolymers exhibited significant improvements in organic field-effect transistor (OFET) performance and environmental stability as compared to P3HT homopolymers, with up to a factor of 2 increase in measured mobility (0.08 cm(2)/(V·s)) for the P4 (85 wt % P3HT). Overall, this work demonstrates that the high degree of molecular order induced by block copolymer phase separation can improve the transport properties and stability of conjugating polymers, which are critical for high-performance OFETs and other organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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33
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Woody KB, Leever BJ, Durstock MF, Collard DM. Synthesis and Characterization of Fully Conjugated Donor–Acceptor–Donor Triblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200084z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathy B. Woody
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Leever
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Michael F. Durstock
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - David M. Collard
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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34
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Ohshimizu K, Takahashi A, Higashihara T, Ueda M. Synthesis of poly(m
-phenylene) and poly(m
-phenylene)-block
- poly(3-hexylthiophene) with low polydispersities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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Lai YC, Ohshimizu K, Takahashi A, Hsu JC, Higashihara T, Ueda M, Chen WC. Synthesis of all-conjugated poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block- poly(3-(4′-(3″,7″-dimethyloctyloxy)-3′-pyridinyl)thiophene) and its blend for photovoltaic applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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36
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Ren G, Wu PT, Jenekhe SA. Solar cells based on block copolymer semiconductor nanowires: effects of nanowire aspect ratio. ACS NANO 2011; 5:376-384. [PMID: 21230007 DOI: 10.1021/nn1017632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The solution-phase self-assembly of nanowires (NWs) from diblock copolymer semiconductors, poly(3-butylthiophene)-block-poly(3-octylthiophene), of different block compositions gave crystalline NWs of similar width (13-16 nm) but a tunable average aspect ratio (length/width) of 50-260. The power conversion efficiency of bulk heterojunction solar cells comprising the diblock copolythiophene NWs and PC(71)BM was found to increase with increasing aspect ratio, reaching 3.4% at the highest average aspect ratio of 260. The space charge limited current mobility of holes in neat films of the copolymer NWs and in copolymer NWs/PC(71)BM films (∼1.0 × 10(-4) cm(2)/(V s)) was invariant with aspect ratio, reflecting the parallel orientation of the NWs to the substrate. The enhancement of photovoltaic efficiency with increasing aspect ratio of NWs was explained in terms of increased exciton and charge photogeneration and collection in the bulk heterojunction solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Ren
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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37
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Synthesis of Novel π-Conjugated Rod-Rod-Rod Triblock Copolymers Containing Poly(3-hexylthiophene) and Polyacetylene Segments by Combination of Quasi-Living GRIM and Living Anionic Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/polym3010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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38
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Huang KK, Fang YK, Hsu JC, Kuo CC, Chang WH, Chen WC. Synthesis, micellar structures, and multifunctional sensory properties of poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) rod-coil diblock copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Tamilavan V, Song M, Jin SH, Hyun MH. Synthesis of three new 1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,5-di(2-thienyl) pyrrole-based donor polymers and their bulk heterojunction solar cell applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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40
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Wang C, Kim FS, Ren G, Xu Y, Pang Y, Jenekhe SA, Jia L. Regioregular poly(3-alkanoylthiophene): Synthesis and electrochemical, photophysical, charge transport, and photovoltaic properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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Ho V, Boudouris BW, Segalman RA. Tuning Polythiophene Crystallization through Systematic Side Chain Functionalization. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101697m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Ho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
| | - Bryan W. Boudouris
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
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42
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Ge J, He M, Qiu F, Yang Y. Synthesis, Cocrystallization, and Microphase Separation of All-Conjugated Diblock Copoly(3-alkylthiophene)s. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ge
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ming He
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuliang Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Ministry of Education, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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43
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Lim H, Huang KT, Su WF, Chao CY. Facile syntheses, morphologies, and optical absorptions of P3HT coil-rod-coil triblock copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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44
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Poly[(3-hexylthiophene)-block-(3-semifluoroalkylthiophene)] for polymer solar cells. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:5027-39. [PMID: 21614189 PMCID: PMC3100822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11125027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of poly[(3-hexylthiophene)-block-(3-(4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-nonafluoroheptyl)thiophene)], P(3HT-b-3SFT), carried out by the Grignard Metathesis Method (GRIM). The copolymers composition was determined by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopies, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thin films of P(3HT-b-3SFT) were investigated by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We also fabricated bulk-hetero junction (BHJ) solar cells based on blends of P(3HT-b-3SFT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Although the composition ratio of P3SFT in P(3HT-b-3SFT) was low, the influence of P3SFT on the morphology and properties of solar cells was significant. The annealing process for the BHJ solar cells induced the formation of large domains and led to poor solar cell performance. The BHJ solar cells, based on PCBM and P(3HT-b-3SFT), prepared by the non-annealing process, had a maximum power conversion efficiency of 0.84% under 100 mW/cm2 (AM 1.5 solar illumination) in air.
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