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Zamader A, Reuillard B, Pérard J, Billon L, Berggren G, Artero V. Synthetic styrene-based bioinspired model of the [FeFe]-hydrogenase active site for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS 2023; 7:4967-4976. [PMID: 38013894 PMCID: PMC10521030 DOI: 10.1039/d3se00409k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Integration of molecular catalysts inside polymeric scaffolds has gained substantial attention over the past decade, as it provides a path towards generating systems with enhanced stability as well as enzyme-like morphologies and properties. In the context of solar fuels research and chemical energy conversion, this approach has been found to improve both rates and energy efficiencies of a range of catalytic reactions. However, system performance still needs to be improved to reach technologically relevant currents and stability, parameters that are heavily influenced by the nature of the incorporated molecular catalyst. Here, we have focused on the integration of a biomimetic {Fe2(μ-adt)(CO)6} (-CH2NHCH2S-, azadithiolate or adt2-) based active site ("[2Fe2S]adt"), inspired by the catalytic cofactor of [FeFe] hydrogenases, within a synthetic polymeric scaffold using free radical polymerization. The resulting metallopolymers [2Fe2S]adtk[DMAEMA]l[PyBMA]m (DMAEMA = dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate as water soluble monomer; PyBMA = 4-(pyren-1-yl)-butyl methacrylate as hydrophobic anchor for heterogenization) were found to be active for electrochemical H2 production in neutral aqueous media. The pyrene content was varied to optimize durability and activity. Following immobilization on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) the most active metallopolymer, containing ∼2.3 mol% of PyBMA, could reach a turnover number for hydrogen production (TONH2) of ∼0.4 ×105 over 20 hours of electrolysis at an overpotential of 0.49 V, two orders of magnitude higher than the isolated catalyst counterpart. The study provides a synthetic methodology for incorporating catalytic units featuring second coordination sphere functional groups, and highlights the benefit of the confinement within the polymer matrix for catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afridi Zamader
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux 17 rue des Martyrs 38000 Grenoble France
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Bertrand Reuillard
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux 17 rue des Martyrs 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Julien Pérard
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux 17 rue des Martyrs 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Laurent Billon
- Universite de Pau et Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, IPREM, Bio-inspired Materials Group: Functionalities & Self-Assembly 2 avenue Angot 64053 Pau France
| | - Gustav Berggren
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Vincent Artero
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux 17 rue des Martyrs 38000 Grenoble France
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2
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Clary KE, Gibson AC, Glass RS, Pyun J, Lichtenberger DL. Natural Assembly of Electroactive Metallopolymers on the Electrode Surface: Enhanced Electrocatalytic Production of Hydrogen by [2Fe-2S] Metallopolymers in Neutral Water. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37315082 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A molecular catalyst attached to an electrode surface can offer the advantages of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Unfortunately, some molecular catalysts constrained to a surface lose much or all of their solution performance. In contrast, we found that when a small molecule [2Fe-2S] catalyst is incorporated into metallopolymers of the form PDMAEMA-g-[2Fe-2S] (PDMAEMA = poly(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) and adsorbed to the surface, the observed rate of hydrogen production increases to kobs > 105 s-1 per active site with lower overpotential, increased lifetime, and tolerance to oxygen. Herein, the electrocatalytic performances of these metallopolymers with different length polymer chains are compared to reveal the factors that lead to this high performance. It was anticipated that smaller metallopolymers would have faster rates due to faster electron and proton transfers to more accessible active sites, but the experiments show that the rates of catalysis per active site are independent of the polymer size. Molecular dynamics modeling reveals that the high performance is a consequence of adsorption of these metallopolymers on the surface with natural assembly that brings the [2Fe-2S] catalytic sites into close contact with the electrode surface while maintaining exposure of the sites to protons in solution. The assembly is conducive to fast electron transfer, fast proton transfer, and a high rate of catalysis regardless of the polymer size. These results offer a guide to enhancing the performance of other electrocatalysts with incorporation into a polymer that provides an optimal interaction of the catalyst with the electrode and solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla E Clary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Arthur C Gibson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Richard S Glass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jeffrey Pyun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Dennis L Lichtenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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3
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Kumar N, Kaur‐Ghumaan S. Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemical Studies of bis(Monothiolato) {FeFe} Complexes [Fe
2
(μ‐SC
6
H
4
‐OMe‐
m
)
2
(CO)
5
L] (L=CO, PCy
3
, PPh
3
). ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar
- Department of Chemistry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India
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4
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Boncella AE, Sabo ET, Santore RM, Carter J, Whalen J, Hudspeth JD, Morrison CN. The expanding utility of iron-sulfur clusters: Their functional roles in biology, synthetic small molecules, maquettes and artificial proteins, biomimetic materials, and therapeutic strategies. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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5
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Synthesis of Metallopolymers via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization from a [2Fe‐2S] Metalloinitiator: Molecular Weight Effects on Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e1900424. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Tsukada S, Abe T, Abe N, Nakashima S, Yamamoto K, Gunji T. Benzenedithiolate-bridged MoFe complexes: structures, oxidation states, and reactivities. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:9048-9056. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01428a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The benzenedithiolate-bridged MoFe complexes were synthesized and the oxidation states of the metal centers elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Tsukada
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Chiba University
- Chiba 263-8522
- Japan
| | - Takayuki Abe
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Tokyo University of Science
- Chiba 278-8510
- Japan
| | - Naoya Abe
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Tokyo University of Science
- Chiba 278-8510
- Japan
| | - Satoru Nakashima
- Graduate School of Science
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-Hiroshima
- Japan
- Natural Science Centre for Basic Research and Development
| | - Kazuki Yamamoto
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Tokyo University of Science
- Chiba 278-8510
- Japan
| | - Takahiro Gunji
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Tokyo University of Science
- Chiba 278-8510
- Japan
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7
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Karayilan M, Brezinski WP, Clary KE, Lichtenberger DL, Glass RS, Pyun J. Catalytic Metallopolymers from [2Fe-2S] Clusters: Artificial Metalloenzymes for Hydrogen Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7537-7550. [PMID: 30628136 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Reviewed herein is the development of novel polymer-supported [2Fe-2S] catalyst systems for electrocatalytic and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions. [FeFe] hydrogenases are the best known naturally occurring metalloenzymes for hydrogen generation, and small-molecule, [2Fe-2S]-containing mimetics of the active site (H-cluster) of these metalloenzymes have been synthesized for years. These small [2Fe-2S] complexes have not yet reached the same capacity as that of enzymes for hydrogen production. Recently, modern polymer chemistry has been utilized to construct an outer coordination sphere around the [2Fe-2S] clusters to provide site isolation, water solubility, and improved catalytic activity. In this review, the various macromolecular motifs and the catalytic properties of these polymer-supported [2Fe-2S] materials are surveyed. The most recent catalysts that incorporate a single [2Fe-2S] complex, termed single-site [2Fe-2S] metallopolymers, exhibit superior activity for H2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Karayilan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - William P Brezinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Kayla E Clary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Dennis L Lichtenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Richard S Glass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jeffrey Pyun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.,Program for Chemical Convergence of Energy & Environment, School of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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8
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Karayilan M, Brezinski WP, Clary KE, Lichtenberger DL, Glass RS, Pyun J. Catalytic Metallopolymers from [2Fe‐2S] Clusters: Artificial Metalloenzymes for Hydrogen Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Metin Karayilan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona 1306 E. University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - William P. Brezinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona 1306 E. University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Kayla E. Clary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona 1306 E. University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Dennis L. Lichtenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona 1306 E. University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Richard S. Glass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona 1306 E. University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Jeffrey Pyun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona 1306 E. University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
- Program for Chemical Convergence of Energy & Environment School of Chemical & Biological Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea
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9
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Brezinski WP, Karayilan M, Clary KE, McCleary-Petersen KC, Fu L, Matyjaszewski K, Evans DH, Lichtenberger DL, Glass RS, Pyun J. Macromolecular Engineering of the Outer Coordination Sphere of [2Fe-2S] Metallopolymers to Enhance Catalytic Activity for H 2 Production. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1383-1387. [PMID: 35651247 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule catalysts inspired by the active sites of [FeFe]-hydrogenase enzymes have long struggled to achieve fast rates of hydrogen evolution, long-term stability, water solubility, and oxygen compatibility. We profoundly improved on these deficiencies by grafting polymers from a metalloinitiator containing a [2Fe-2S] moiety to form water-soluble poly(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate metallopolymers (PDMAEMA-g-[2Fe-2S]) using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). This study illustrates the critical role of the polymer composition in enhancing hydrogen evolution and aerobic stability by comparing the catalytic activity of PDMAEMA-g-[2Fe-2S] with a nonionic water-soluble metallopolymer based on poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) prepared via ATRP (POEGMA-g-[2Fe-2S]) with the same [2Fe-2S] metalloinitiator. Additionally, the tunability of catalyst activity is demonstrated by the synthesis of metallocopolymers incorporating the 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA) monomers. Electrochemical investigations into these metallo(co)polymers show that PDMAEMA-g-[2Fe-2S] retains complete aerobic stability with catalytic current densities in excess of 20 mA·cm-2, while POEGMA-g-[2Fe-2S] fails to reach 1 mA·cm-2 current density even with the application of high overpotentials (η > 0.8 V) and loses all activity in the presence of oxygen. Random copolymers of the two monomers polymerized with the same [2Fe-2S] initiator showed intermediate activity in terms of current density, overpotential, and aerobic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P. Brezinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 East University Blvd, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Metin Karayilan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 East University Blvd, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Kayla E. Clary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 East University Blvd, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Keelee C. McCleary-Petersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 East University Blvd, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Liye Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 151213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 151213, United States
| | - Dennis H. Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dennis L. Lichtenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 East University Blvd, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Richard S. Glass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 East University Blvd, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jeffrey Pyun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 East University Blvd, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Program for Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment & The Center for Intelligent Hybrids, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea
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10
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Brezinski WP, Karayilan M, Clary KE, Pavlopoulos NG, Li S, Fu L, Matyjaszewski K, Evans DH, Glass RS, Lichtenberger DL, Pyun J. [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase Mimetic Metallopolymers with Enhanced Catalytic Activity for Hydrogen Production in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William P. Brezinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona 1306 E. University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Metin Karayilan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona 1306 E. University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Kayla E. Clary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona 1306 E. University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Nicholas G. Pavlopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona 1306 E. University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Sipei Li
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 151213 USA
| | - Liye Fu
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 151213 USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 151213 USA
| | - Dennis H. Evans
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Richard S. Glass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona 1306 E. University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Dennis L. Lichtenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona 1306 E. University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Jeffrey Pyun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona 1306 E. University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Program for Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment Seoul National University Seoul 151-744 Korea
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11
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Brezinski WP, Karayilan M, Clary KE, Pavlopoulos NG, Li S, Fu L, Matyjaszewski K, Evans DH, Glass RS, Lichtenberger DL, Pyun J. [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase Mimetic Metallopolymers with Enhanced Catalytic Activity for Hydrogen Production in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11898-11902. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William P. Brezinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona 1306 E. University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Metin Karayilan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona 1306 E. University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Kayla E. Clary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona 1306 E. University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Nicholas G. Pavlopoulos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona 1306 E. University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Sipei Li
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 151213 USA
| | - Liye Fu
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 151213 USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 151213 USA
| | - Dennis H. Evans
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Richard S. Glass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona 1306 E. University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Dennis L. Lichtenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona 1306 E. University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - Jeffrey Pyun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Arizona 1306 E. University Blvd. Tucson AZ 85721 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Program for Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment Seoul National University Seoul 151-744 Korea
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12
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Investigations on the synthesis, structural characterization and electrochemical properties of diiron azadithiolate complexes and phosphine-substituted derivatives. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Virtually all organosulfur compounds react with Fe(0) carbonyls to give the title complexes. These reactions are reviewed in light of major advances over the past few decades, spurred by interest in Fe2(μ-SR)2(CO)x centers at the active sites of the [FeFe]-hydrogenase enzymes. The most useful synthetic route to Fe2(μ-SR)2(CO)6 involves the reaction of thiols with Fe2(CO)9 and Fe3(CO)12. Such reactions can proceed via mono-, di-, and triiron intermediates. The reactivity of Fe(0) carbonyls toward thiols is highly chemoselective, and the resulting dithiolato complexes are fairly rugged. Thus, many complexes tolerate further synthetic elaboration directed at the organic substituents. A second major route involves alkylation of Fe2(μ-S2)(CO)6, Fe2(μ-SH)2(CO)6, and Li2Fe2(μ-S)2(CO)6. This approach is especially useful for azadithiolates Fe2[(μ-SCH2)2NR](CO)6. Elaborate complexes arise via addition of the FeSH group to electrophilic alkenes, alkynes, and carbonyls. Although the first example of Fe2(μ-SR)2(CO)6 was prepared from ferrous reagents, ferrous compounds are infrequently used, although the Fe(II)(SR)2 + Fe(0) condensation reaction is promising. Almost invariably low-yielding, the reaction of Fe3(CO)12, S8, and a variety of unsaturated substrates results in C-H activation, affording otherwise inaccessible derivatives. Thiones and related C═S-containing reagents are highly reactive toward Fe(0), often giving complexes derived from substituted methanedithiolates and C-H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Thomas B. Rauchfuss
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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14
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Bethel RD, Crouthers DJ, Hsieh CH, Denny JA, Hall MB, Darensbourg MY. Regioselectivity in Ligand Substitution Reactions on Diiron Complexes Governed by Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Ligand Properties. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:3523-35. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Bethel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Danielle J. Crouthers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | | | - Jason A. Denny
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Michael B. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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15
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Shim Y, Young RM, Douvalis AP, Dyar SM, Yuhas BD, Bakas T, Wasielewski MR, Kanatzidis MG. Enhanced Photochemical Hydrogen Evolution from Fe4S4-Based Biomimetic Chalcogels Containing M2+ (M = Pt, Zn, Co, Ni, Sn) Centers. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13371-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ja507297p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yurina Shim
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER)
Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ryan M. Young
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER)
Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | | - Scott M. Dyar
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER)
Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Yuhas
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER)
Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Thomas Bakas
- Department
of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER)
Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mercouri G. Kanatzidis
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER)
Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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16
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Menzel K, Apfel UP, Wolter N, Rüger R, Alpermann T, Steiniger F, Gabel D, Förster S, Weigand W, Fahr A. [FeFe]-hydrogenase models assembled into vesicular structures. J Liposome Res 2013; 24:59-68. [PMID: 24006843 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2013.833225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Compartmentalization is a major prerequisite for the origin of life on earth according to Wächtershäuser "Iron-Sulfur-World". The hypothesis is mainly based on an autocatalytic inorganic energy reproducing redox system consisting of iron and sulfur as requirement for the subsequent synthesis of complex organic structures. Here, we modified [FeFe]-hydrogenase models by means of covalent coupling to either oleic acid or the amphiphilic block copolymer polybutadiene-polyethyleneoxide (PB-PEO) and incorporated those into the membranes of vesicles composed of phospholipids (liposomes) or the unmodified amphiphilic polymer (polymersomes). We employed a [2Fe-2S] cluster as a hydrogenase model, since these structures are known to be suitable catalysts for the generation of H2 in the presence of weak acids. Successful incorporation was confirmed by spectrophotometric iron quantification and the vesicles formed were characterized by size determination (photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS)), and zeta potential as well as by cryo-transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM). The modified models could be incorporated into liposomes or polymersomes up to molar proportions of 3.15% and 28%, respectively. Due to the immobilization in vesicular bilayers the [FeFe]-hydrogenase models can even exhibit catalytic action under the particular conditions of the intravesicular microenvironment. Our results suggest that the vesicular systems described may be applied as a nanoreactor for the reduction of encapsulated substances by generating hydrogen and thus as a minimal cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Menzel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , Jena , Germany
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