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Pineda-Castañeda H, Rivera-Monroy ZJ, Maldonado M. Copper(I)-Catalyzed Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition (CuAAC) "Click" Reaction: A Powerful Tool for Functionalizing Polyhydroxylated Platforms. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:3650-3666. [PMID: 36743057 PMCID: PMC9893463 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Click chemistry is currently one of the most used tools for the generation of complex organic molecules. The advantages of using click chemistry in organic synthesis are remarkable; in many cases, the reactions occur under mild conditions and are free of solvents, with high yields and short reaction times. This makes it an extraordinarily effective and viable alternative for obtaining complex/conjugated molecules. In this review, the use of click chemistry CuAAC is especially emphasized for polyhydroxylated platforms such as resorcinarenes or calixarenes, focusing mainly on aspects of synthesis, specifically conditions, reagents, and methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor
Manuel Pineda-Castañeda
- Chemistry
Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia,
Bogotá, Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 451, office 409, Bogotá 11321, Colombia
| | - Zuly Jenny Rivera-Monroy
- Chemistry
Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia,
Bogotá, Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 451, office 409, Bogotá 11321, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Maldonado
- Chemistry
Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia,
Bogotá, Carrera 45 No 26-85, Building 451, office 409, Bogotá 11321, Colombia
- Email
for M.M.:
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4
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Herzberger J, Niederer K, Pohlit H, Seiwert J, Worm M, Wurm FR, Frey H. Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide, Propylene Oxide, and Other Alkylene Oxides: Synthesis, Novel Polymer Architectures, and Bioconjugation. Chem Rev 2015; 116:2170-243. [PMID: 26713458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The review summarizes current trends and developments in the polymerization of alkylene oxides in the last two decades since 1995, with a particular focus on the most important epoxide monomers ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO), and butylene oxide (BO). Classical synthetic pathways, i.e., anionic polymerization, coordination polymerization, and cationic polymerization of epoxides (oxiranes), are briefly reviewed. The main focus of the review lies on more recent and in some cases metal-free methods for epoxide polymerization, i.e., the activated monomer strategy, the use of organocatalysts, such as N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) as well as phosphazene bases. In addition, the commercially relevant double-metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst systems are discussed. Besides the synthetic progress, new types of multifunctional linear PEG (mf-PEG) and PPO structures accessible by copolymerization of EO or PO with functional epoxide comonomers are presented as well as complex branched, hyperbranched, and dendrimer like polyethers. Amphiphilic block copolymers based on PEO and PPO (Poloxamers and Pluronics) and advances in the area of PEGylation as the most important bioconjugation strategy are also summarized. With the ever growing toolbox for epoxide polymerization, a "polyether universe" may be envisaged that in its structural diversity parallels the immense variety of structural options available for polymers based on vinyl monomers with a purely carbon-based backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Herzberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Niederer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hannah Pohlit
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center , Langenbeckstraße 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Seiwert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Worm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Max Planck Graduate Center , Staudingerweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.,Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz , Staudingerweg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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Hu J, He J, Zhang M, Ni P. Precise modular synthesis and a structure–property study of acid-cleavable star-block copolymers for pH-triggered drug delivery. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01391c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of well-defined three-armed star-block copolymers (mPEG-a-PCL-a-)3 linked with acid-cleavable acetal groups have been prepared and used for the pH-triggered delivery of doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hu
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Soochow University
| | - Jinlin He
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Soochow University
| | - Mingzu Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Soochow University
| | - Peihong Ni
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Soochow University
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Liu P, Ye Z, Wang WJ, Li BG. Synthesis of polyethylene and polystyrene miktoarm star copolymers using an “in–out” strategy. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00622d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Miktoarm star copolymers having multiple polyethylene and polystyrene arms joined at the crosslinked polydivinylbenzene core were synthesized using an “in–out” strategy with the combined Pd-catalyzed ethylene “living” polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingwei Liu
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou, China
- Bharti School of Engineering
| | - Zhibin Ye
- Bharti School of Engineering
- Laurentian University
- Sudbury, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Laurentian University
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou, China
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