1
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Strasser P, Montsch B, Weiss S, Sami H, Kugler C, Hager S, Schueffl H, Mader R, Brüggemann O, Kowol CR, Ogris M, Heffeter P, Teasdale I. Degradable Bottlebrush Polypeptides and the Impact of their Architecture on Cell Uptake, Pharmacokinetics, and Biodistribution In Vivo. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300767. [PMID: 36843221 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers are highly promising as unimolecular nanomedicines due to their unique control over the critical parameters of size, shape and chemical function. However, since they are prepared from biopersistent carbon backbones, most known bottlebrush polymers are non-degradable and thus unsuitable for systemic therapeutic administration. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of novel poly(organo)phosphazene-g-poly(α-glutamate) (PPz-g-PGA) bottlebrush polymers with exceptional control over their structure and molecular dimensions (Dh ≈ 15-50 nm). These single macromolecules show outstanding aqueous solubility, ultra-high multivalency and biodegradability, making them ideal as nanomedicines. While well-established in polymer therapeutics, it has hitherto not been possible to prepare defined single macromolecules of PGA in these nanosized dimensions. A direct correlation was observed between the macromolecular dimensions of the bottlebrush polymers and their intracellular uptake in CT26 colon cancer cells. Furthermore, the bottlebrush macromolecular structure visibly enhanced the pharmacokinetics by reducing renal clearance and extending plasma half-lives. Real-time analysis of the biodistribution dynamics showed architecture-driven organ distribution and enhanced tumor accumulation. This work, therefore, introduces a robust, controlled synthesis route to bottlebrush polypeptides, overcoming limitations of current polymer-based nanomedicines and, in doing so, offers valuable insights into the influence of architecture on the in vivo performance of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Strasser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Bianca Montsch
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Silvia Weiss
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Cancer Therapeutics (MMCT), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Haider Sami
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Cancer Therapeutics (MMCT), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Christoph Kugler
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Cancer Therapeutics (MMCT), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Sonja Hager
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Hemma Schueffl
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Robert Mader
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Manfred Ogris
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Cancer Therapeutics (MMCT), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, 4040, Austria
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2
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Ajvazi E, Bauer F, Kracalik M, Hild S, Brüggemann O, Teasdale I. Poly[bis(serine ethyl ester)phosphazene] regulates the degradation rates of vinyl ester photopolymers. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-023-03042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
AbstractVinyl esters and carbonates have recently been demonstrated to have considerably lower cytotoxicity than their more commonly used (meth)acrylate counterparts, inspiring their use in the 3D printing of biomaterials. However, the degradation rates of such synthetic photopolymers are slow, especially in the mild conditions present in many biological environments. Some applications, for example, tissue regeneration scaffolds and drug release, require considerably faster biodegradation. Furthermore, it is essential to be able to easily tune the degradation rate to fit the requirements for a range of applications. Herein we present the design and synthesis of hydrolytically degradable polyphosphazenes substituted with a vinyl carbonate functionalized amino acid. Thiolene copolymerization with vinyl esters gave cured polymers which are demonstrated to considerably accelerate the degradation rates of cured vinylester/thiolene polymer scaffolds.
Graphical abstract
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3
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Müllner M. Molecular polymer bottlebrushes in nanomedicine: therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5683-5716. [PMID: 35445672 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01601j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular polymer bottlebrushes are densely grafted, individual macromolecules with nanoscale proportions. The last decade has seen an increased focus on this material class, especially in nanomedicine and for biomedical applications. This Feature Article provides an overview of major developments in this area to highlight the many opportunities that these polymer architectures bring to nano-bio research. The article covers aspects of bottlebrush synthesis and summarises their use in drug and gene delivery, imaging, as theranostics and as prototype materials to correlate nanoparticle structure and composition to biological function and behaviour. Areas for future research in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. .,The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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4
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Kracíková L, Ziółkowska N, Androvič L, Klimánková I, Červený D, Vít M, Pompach P, Konefał R, Janoušková O, Hrubý M, Jirák D, Laga R. Phosphorus-containing Polymeric Zwitterion: A Pioneering Bioresponsive Probe for 31 P-Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2100523. [PMID: 35246950 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
31 P-magnetic resonance (MR) is an important diagnostic technique currently used for tissue metabolites assessing, but it also has great potential for visualizing the internal body structures. However, due to the low physiological level of phosphorus-containing biomolecules, precise imaging requires the administration of an exogenous probe. Herein, we describe the synthesis and MR characterization of a pioneering metal-free 31 P-MR probe based on phosphorus-containing polymeric zwitterion. The developed probe (pTMPC) is a well-defined water-soluble macromolecule characterized by a high content of naturally rare phosphorothioate groups providing a high-intensity 31 P-MR signal clearly distinguishable from biological background both in vitro and in vitro. In addition, pTMPC can serve as a sensitive 31 P-MR sensor of pathological conditions in vivo because it undergoes oxidation-induced structural changes in the presence of reactive oxygen species. Add to this the favorable 1 H and 31 P T1 /T2 relaxation times and biocompatibility, pTMPC represents a conceptually new diagnostic, whose discovery opens up new possibilities in the field of 31 P-MR spectroscopy and imaging. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Kracíková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague, 162 06, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Chemical Technology, The University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Ziółkowska
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, Prague, 140 21, Czech Republic.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 1660/32, Prague, 121 08, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Androvič
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague, 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Klimánková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague, 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - David Červený
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, Prague, 140 21, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vít
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, Prague, 140 21, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Mechatronics Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Hálkova 917, Liberec, 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pompach
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průmyslová 595, Vestec, 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Rafał Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague, 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Janoušková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague, 162 06, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 1, Ústí nad Labem, 400 96, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague, 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jirák
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, Prague, 140 21, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Health Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, Liberec, 461 17, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Laga
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague, 162 06, Czech Republic
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5
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Illy N, Mongkhoun E. Thiolactone chemistry, a versatile platform for macromolecular engineering. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00731b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the extensive use of γ-thiolactone chemistry as a versatile and powerful tool for macromolecular engineering and the preparation of various polymer architectures, such as functional, alternating, or sequence-controlled (co)polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Illy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Emma Mongkhoun
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
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6
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Poscher V, Pappas GS, Brüggemann O, Teasdale I, Salinas Y. Hybrid Porous Microparticles Based on a Single Organosilica Cyclophosphazene Precursor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228552. [PMID: 33202795 PMCID: PMC7698118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous organosilica microparticles consisting of silane-derived cyclophosphazene bridges were synthesized by a surfactant-mediated sol-gel process. Starting from the substitution of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene with allylamine, two different precursors were obtained by anchoring three or six alkoxysilane units, via a thiol-ene photoaddition reaction. In both cases, spherical, microparticles (size average of ca. 1000 nm) with large pores were obtained, confirmed by both, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Particles synthesized using the partially functionalized precursor containing free vinyl groups were further functionalized with a thiol-containing molecule. While most other reported mesoporous organosilica particles are essentially hybrids with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), a unique feature of these particles is that structural control is achieved by exclusively using organosilane precursors. This allows an increase in the proportion of the co-components and could springboard these novel phosphorus-containing organosilica microparticles for different areas of technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Poscher
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University at Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria; (V.P.); (G.S.P.); (O.B.); (I.T.)
- Linz Institute of Technology (LIT), Johannes Kepler University at Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - George S. Pappas
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University at Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria; (V.P.); (G.S.P.); (O.B.); (I.T.)
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University at Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria; (V.P.); (G.S.P.); (O.B.); (I.T.)
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University at Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria; (V.P.); (G.S.P.); (O.B.); (I.T.)
- Linz Institute of Technology (LIT), Johannes Kepler University at Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Yolanda Salinas
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University at Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria; (V.P.); (G.S.P.); (O.B.); (I.T.)
- Linz Institute of Technology (LIT), Johannes Kepler University at Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-732-2468-9075
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7
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Strasser P, Teasdale I. Main-Chain Phosphorus-Containing Polymers for Therapeutic Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:E1716. [PMID: 32276516 PMCID: PMC7181247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymers in which phosphorus is an integral part of the main chain, including polyphosphazenes and polyphosphoesters, have been widely investigated in recent years for their potential in a number of therapeutic applications. Phosphorus, as the central feature of these polymers, endears the chemical functionalization, and in some cases (bio)degradability, to facilitate their use in such therapeutic formulations. Recent advances in the synthetic polymer chemistry have allowed for controlled synthesis methods in order to prepare the complex macromolecular structures required, alongside the control and reproducibility desired for such medical applications. While the main polymer families described herein, polyphosphazenes and polyphosphoesters and their analogues, as well as phosphorus-based dendrimers, have hitherto predominantly been investigated in isolation from one another, this review aims to highlight and bring together some of this research. In doing so, the focus is placed on the essential, and often mutual, design features and structure-property relationships that allow the preparation of such functional materials. The first part of the review details the relevant features of phosphorus-containing polymers in respect to their use in therapeutic applications, while the second part highlights some recent and innovative applications, offering insights into the most state-of-the-art research on phosphorus-based polymers in a therapeutic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Strasser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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8
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Oberemok VV, Laikova KV, Gal'chinsky NV, Useinov RZ, Novikov IA, Temirova ZZ, Shumskykh MN, Krasnodubets AM, Repetskaya AI, Dyadichev VV, Fomochkina II, Bessalova EY, Makalish TP, Gninenko YI, Kubyshkin AV. DNA insecticide developed from the Lymantria dispar 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene provides a novel biotechnology for plant protection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6197. [PMID: 30996277 PMCID: PMC6470133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Having observed how botanicals and other natural compounds are used by nature to control pests in the environment, we began investigating natural polymers, DNA and RNA, as promising tools for insect pest management. Over the last decade, unmodified short antisense DNA oligonucleotides have shown a clear potential for use as insecticides. Our research has concentrated mainly on Lymantria dispar larvae using an antisense oligoRING sequence from its inhibitor-of-apoptosis gene. In this article, we propose a novel biotechnology to protect plants from insect pests using DNA insecticide with improved insecticidal activity based on a new antisense oligoRIBO-11 sequence from the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene. This investigational oligoRIBO-11 insecticide causes higher mortality among both L. dispar larvae grown in the lab and those collected from the forest; in addition, it is more affordable and faster acting, which makes it a prospective candidate for use in the development of a ready-to-use preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr V Oberemok
- Department of Biochemistry, Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Avenue 4, 295007, Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna V Laikova
- Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Avenue 5/7, 295051, Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine
| | - Nikita V Gal'chinsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Avenue 4, 295007, Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine
| | - Refat Z Useinov
- Department of Biochemistry, Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Avenue 4, 295007, Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine
| | - Ilya A Novikov
- Department of Biochemistry, Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Avenue 4, 295007, Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine
| | - Zenure Z Temirova
- Department of Biochemistry, Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Avenue 4, 295007, Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine
| | - Maksym N Shumskykh
- Department of Biochemistry, Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Avenue 4, 295007, Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine.
| | - Alisa M Krasnodubets
- Department of Biochemistry, Taurida Academy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Avenue 4, 295007, Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine
| | - Anna I Repetskaya
- Botanical Garden named after N.V. Bagrov, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Avenue 4, 295007, Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine
| | - Valeriy V Dyadichev
- Engineering Center, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Vernadsky Avenue 4, 295007, Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine
| | - Iryna I Fomochkina
- Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Avenue 5/7, 295051, Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine
| | - Evgenia Y Bessalova
- Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Avenue 5/7, 295051, Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine
| | - Tatiana P Makalish
- Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Avenue 5/7, 295051, Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine
| | - Yuri I Gninenko
- All-Russian Research Institute for Silviculture and Mechanization of Forestry, Institutskaya Street 15, 141200, Pushkino, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Kubyshkin
- Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Avenue 5/7, 295051, Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine
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Khan RU, Wang L, Yu H, Abdin ZU, Haq F, Haroon M, Naveed KUR, Elshaarani T, Fahad S, Ren S, Wang J. Synthesis of polyorganophosphazenes and fabrication of their blend microspheres and micro/nanofibers as drug delivery systems. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1581203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Haojie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zain-Ul- Abdin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fazal Haq
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Haroon
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kaleem-Ur-Rehman Naveed
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tarig Elshaarani
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shah Fahad
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sicong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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10
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Linhardt A, König M, Iturmendi A, Henke H, Brüggemann O, Teasdale I. Degradable, Dendritic Polyols on a Branched Polyphosphazene Backbone. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018; 57:3602-3609. [PMID: 29568158 PMCID: PMC5857928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present the design, synthesis, and characterization of fully degradable, hybrid, star-branched dendritic polyols. First multiarmed polyphosphazenes were prepared as a star-branched scaffold which upon functionalization produced globular branched hydroxyl-functionalized polymers with over 1700 peripheral functional end groups. These polyols with unique branched architectures could be prepared with controlled molecular weights and relatively narrow dispersities. Furthermore, the polymers are shown to undergo hydrolytic degradation to low molecular weight degradation products, the rate of which could be controlled through postpolymerization functionalization of the phosphazene backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Linhardt
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes
Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Michael König
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes
Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Aitziber Iturmendi
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes
Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Helena Henke
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes
Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes
Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes
Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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11
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Hackl CM, Schoenhacker-Alte B, Klose MHM, Henke H, Legina MS, Jakupec MA, Berger W, Keppler BK, Brüggemann O, Teasdale I, Heffeter P, Kandioller W. Synthesis and in vivo anticancer evaluation of poly(organo)phosphazene-based metallodrug conjugates. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:12114-12124. [PMID: 28862707 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01767g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Within this work we aimed to improve the pharmacodynamics and toxicity profile of organoruthenium and -rhodium complexes which had previously been found to be highly potent in vitro but showed unselective activity in vivo. Different organometallic complexes were attached to a degradable poly(organo)phosphazene macromolecule, prepared via controlled polymerization techniques. The conjugation to hydrophilic polymers was designed to increase the aqueous solubility of the typically poorly soluble metal-based half-sandwich compounds with the aim of a controlled, pH-triggered release of the active metallodrug. The synthesized conjugates and their characteristics have been thoroughly studied by means of 31P NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, ICP-MS analyses and SEC coupled to ICP-MS. In order to assess their potential as possible anticancer drug candidates, the complexes, as well as their respective macromolecular prodrug formulations were tested against three different cancer cell lines in cell culture. Subsequently, the anticancer activity and organ distribution of the poly(organo)phosphazene drug conjugates were explored in vivo in mice bearing CT-26 colon carcinoma. Our investigations revealed a beneficial influence of this macromolecular prodrug by a significant reduction of adverse effects compared to the free metallodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Hackl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Wien, Austria.
| | - Beatrix Schoenhacker-Alte
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Wien, Austria. and Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria. and Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Matthias H M Klose
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Wien, Austria.
| | - Helena Henke
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Maria S Legina
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Wien, Austria.
| | - Michael A Jakupec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Wien, Austria. and Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria. and Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Wien, Austria. and Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria. and Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Wien, Austria. and Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Wien, Austria
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12
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Ogueri KS, Escobar Ivirico JL, Nair LS, Allcock HR, Laurencin CT. Biodegradable Polyphosphazene-Based Blends for Regenerative Engineering. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 3:15-31. [PMID: 28596987 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-016-0022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of musculoskeletal tissue injury or disease and the subsequent functional impairment is at an alarming rate. It continues to be one of the most challenging problems in the human health care. Regenerative engineering offers a promising transdisciplinary strategy for tissues regeneration based on the convergence of tissue engineering, advanced materials science, stem cell science, developmental biology and clinical translation. Biomaterials are emerging as extracellular-mimicking matrices designed to provide instructive cues to control cell behavior and ultimately, be applied as therapies to regenerate damaged tissues. Biodegradable polymers constitute an attractive class of biomaterials for the development of scaffolds due to their flexibility in chemistry and the ability to be excreted or resorbed by the body. Herein, the focus will be on biodegradable polyphosphazene-based blend systems. The synthetic flexibility of polyphosphazene, combined with the unique inorganic backbone, has provided a springboard for more research and subsequent development of numerous novel materials that are capable of forming miscible blends with poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLAGA). Laurencin and co-workers has demonstrated the exploitation of the synthetic flexibility of Polyphosphazene that will allow the design of novel polymers, which can form miscible blends with PLAGA for biomedical applications. These novel blends, due to their well-tuned biodegradability, and mechanical and biological properties coupled with the buffering capacity of the degradation products, constitute ideal materials for regeneration of various musculoskeletal tissues. LAY SUMMARY Regenerative engineering aims to regenerate complex tissues to address the clinical challenge of organ damage. Tissue engineering has largely focused on the restoration and repair of individual tissues and organs, but over the past 25 years, scientific, engineering, and medical advances have led to the introduction of this new approach which involves the regeneration of complex tissues and biological systems such as a knee or a whole limb. While a number of excellent advanced biomaterials have been developed, the choice of biomaterials, however, has increased over the past years to include polymers that can be designed with a range of mechanical properties, degradation rates, and chemical functionality. The polyphosphazenes are one good example. Their chemical versatility and hydrogen bonding capability encourages blending with other biologically relevant polymers. The further development of Polyphosphazene-based blends will present a wide spectrum of advanced biomaterials that can be used as scaffolds for regenerative engineering and as well as other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Ogueri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jorge L Escobar Ivirico
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Lakshmi S Nair
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Harry R Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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13
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Henke H, Brüggemann O, Teasdale I. Branched Macromolecular Architectures for Degradable, Multifunctional Phosphorus-Based Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Henke
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria
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14
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Rothemund S, Teasdale I. Preparation of polyphosphazenes: a tutorial review. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:5200-15. [PMID: 27314867 PMCID: PMC5048340 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00340k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Poly(organo)phosphazenes are a family of inorganic molecular hybrid polymers with very diverse properties due to the vast array of organic substituents possible. This tutorial review aims to introduce the basics of the synthetic chemistry of polyphosphazenes, detailing for readers outside the field the essential knowledge required to design and prepare polyphosphazenes with desired properties. A particular focus is given to some of the recent advances in their chemical synthesis which allows not only the preparation of polyphosphazenes with controlled molecular weights and polydispersities, but also novel branched architectures and block copolymers. We also discuss the preparation of supramolecular structures, bioconjugates and in situ forming gels from this diverse family of functional materials. This tutorial review aims to equip the reader to prepare defined polyphosphazenes with unique property combinations and in doing so we hope to stimulate further research and yet more innovative applications for these highly interesting multifaceted materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rothemund
- NanoScience Technology Center , University of Central Florida , 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400 , Orlando , FL 32826 , USA
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry , Johannes Kepler University , Altenberger Strasse 69 , 4040 Linz , Austria .
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15
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Phosphine functionalized polyphosphazenes: soluble and re-usable polymeric reagents for highly efficient halogenations under Appel conditions. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Henke H, Kryeziu K, Banfić J, Theiner S, Körner W, Brüggemann O, Berger W, Keppler BK, Heffeter P, Teasdale I. Macromolecular Pt(IV) Prodrugs from Poly(organo)phosphazenes. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:1239-1249. [PMID: 27169668 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of novel macromolecular prodrugs via the conjugation of two platinum(IV) complexes to suitably functionalized poly(organo)phosphazenes is presented. The inorganic/organic polymers provide carriers with controlled dimensions due to the use of living cationic polymerization and allow the preparation of conjugates with excellent aqueous solubility but long-term hydrolytic degradability. The macromolecular Pt(IV) prodrugs are designed to undergo intracellular reduction and simultaneous release from the macromolecular carrier to present the active Pt(II) drug derivatives. In vitro investigations show a significantly enhanced intracellular uptake of Pt for the macromolecular prodrugs when compared to small molecule Pt complexes, which is also reflected in an increase in cytotoxicity. Interestingly, drug-resistant sublines also show a significantly smaller resistance against the conjugates compared to clinically established platinum drugs, indicating that an alternative uptake route of the Pt(IV) conjugates might also be able to overcome acquired resistance against Pt(II) drugs. In vivo studies of a selected conjugate show improved tumor shrinkage compared to the respective Pt(IV) complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Henke
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Kushtrim Kryeziu
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jelena Banfić
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Theiner
- Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research," University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Körner
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research," University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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17
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Henke H, Posch S, Brüggemann O, Teasdale I. Polyphosphazene Based Star-Branched and Dendritic Molecular Brushes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:769-74. [PMID: 27027404 PMCID: PMC4907350 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A new synthetic procedure is described for the preparation of poly(organo)phosphazenes with star-branched and star dendritic molecular brush type structures, thus describing the first time it has been possible to prepare controlled, highly branched architectures for this type of polymer. Furthermore, as a result of the extremely high-arm density generated by the phosphazene repeat unit, the second-generation structures represent quite unique architectures for any type of polymer. Using two relativity straight forward iterative syntheses it is possible to prepare globular highly branched polymers with up to 30 000 functional end groups, while keeping relatively narrow polydispersities (1.2-1.6). Phosphine mediated polymerization of chlorophosphoranimine is first used to prepare three-arm star polymers. Subsequent substitution with diphenylphosphine moieties gives poly(organo)phosphazenes to function as multifunctional macroinitiators for the growth of a second generation of polyphosphazene arms. Macrosubstitution with Jeffamine oligomers gives a series of large, water soluble branched macromolecules with high-arm density and hydrodynamic diameters between 10 and 70 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Henke
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Sandra Posch
- Department of Applied Experimental Biophysics Institute of
Biophysics Johannes Kepler University Linz Gruberstraße 40, 4020
Linz, Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz
Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry Johannes Kepler University Linz
Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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18
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Linhardt A, König M, Schöfberger W, Brüggemann O, Andrianov AK, Teasdale I. Biodegradable Polyphosphazene Based Peptide-Polymer Hybrids. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8040161. [PMID: 30979252 PMCID: PMC6432119 DOI: 10.3390/polym8040161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of peptide based hybrid polymers designed to undergo enzymatic degradation is presented, via macrosubstitution of a polyphosphazene backbone with the tetrapeptide Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly. Further co-substitution of the hybrid polymers with hydrophilic polyalkylene oxide Jeffamine M-1000 leads to water soluble and biodegradable hybrid polymers. Detailed degradation studies, via 31P NMR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and field flow fractionation show the polymers degrade via a combination of enzymatic, as well as hydrolytic pathways. The peptide sequence was chosen due to its known property to undergo lysosomal degradation; hence, these degradable, water soluble polymers could be of significant interest for the use as polymer therapeutics. In this context, we investigated conjugation of the immune response modifier imiquimod to the polymers via the tetrapeptide and report the self-assembly behavior of the conjugate, as well as its enzymatically triggered drug release behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Linhardt
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
| | - Michael König
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Schöfberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
| | - Alexander K Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
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19
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Lutzke A, Neufeld BH, Neufeld MJ, Reynolds MM. Nitric oxide release from a biodegradable cysteine-based polyphosphazene. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:1987-1998. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00037a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
First report of nitric oxide (NO) release from a biodegradable polyphosphazene containing theS-nitrosothiol NO donor group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Lutzke
- Department of Chemistry
- Colorado State University
- Fort Collins
- USA
| | | | | | - Melissa M. Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry
- Colorado State University
- Fort Collins
- USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering
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20
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Lowe AB. Thiol-yne ‘click’/coupling chemistry and recent applications in polymer and materials synthesis and modification. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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Wilfert S, Iturmendi A, Henke H, Brüggemann O, Teasdale I. Thermoresponsive Polyphosphazene-Based Molecular Brushes by Living Cationic Polymerization. MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA 2014; 337:116-123. [PMID: 24926189 PMCID: PMC4050288 DOI: 10.1002/masy.201450314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of polyphosphazenes with molecular brush type structures have been prepared with controlled molecular weights and narrow polydispersities. The polymers show lower critical solution temperatures (LCST) between 18 and 90 °C, which can be easily tailored by choice of side-substituent to suit the required application. A temperature triggered self-assembly is observed to give stable colloidal aggregates with dimensions in the region of 100-300 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wilfert
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Welser Strasse 42, 4060 Leonding, Austria
| | - Aitziber Iturmendi
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Welser Strasse 42, 4060 Leonding, Austria
| | - Helena Henke
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Welser Strasse 42, 4060 Leonding, Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Welser Strasse 42, 4060 Leonding, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Welser Strasse 42, 4060 Leonding, Austria
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22
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Wilfert S, Iturmendi A, Schoefberger W, Kryeziu K, Heffeter P, Berger W, Brüggemann O, Teasdale I. Water-Soluble, Biocompatible Polyphosphazenes with Controllable and pH-Promoted Degradation Behavior. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE. PART A, POLYMER CHEMISTRY 2014; 52:287-294. [PMID: 24729657 PMCID: PMC3980369 DOI: 10.1002/pola.27002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of novel, water-soluble poly(organophosphazenes) prepared via living cationic polymerization is presented. The degradation profiles of the polyphosphazenes prepared are analyzed by GPC, 31P NMR spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy in aqueous media and show tunable degradation rates ranging from days to months, adjusted by subtle changes to the chemical structure of the polyphosphazene. Furthermore, it is observed that these polymers demonstrate a pH-promoted hydrolytic degradation behavior, with a remarkably faster rate of degradation at lower pH values. These degradable, water soluble polymers with controlled molecular weights and structures could be of significant interest for use in aqueous biomedical applications, such as polymer therapeutics, in which biological clearance is a requirement and in this context cell viability tests are described which show the non-toxic nature of the polymers as well as their degradation intermediates and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wilfert
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University LinzWelser Street 42, 4060, Leonding, Austria
| | - Aitziber Iturmendi
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University LinzWelser Street 42, 4060, Leonding, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schoefberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Street 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
- Faculty of Science, University of South BohemiaBranišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kushtrim Kryeziu
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, Medical University of ViennaBorschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, Medical University of ViennaBorschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Research and Platform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research,”Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, Medical University of ViennaBorschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Research and Platform “Translational Cancer Therapy Research,”Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University LinzWelser Street 42, 4060, Leonding, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University LinzWelser Street 42, 4060, Leonding, Austria
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23
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Feinweber D, Verwanger T, Brüggemann O, Teasdale I, Krammer B. Applicability of new degradable hypericin–polymer-conjugates as photosensitizers: principal mode of action demonstrated by in vitro models. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:1607-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00251b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Novel degradable polymers are shown to be promising carriers for the delivery of hypericin for PDT, significantly enhancing solubility of the free drug without compromising the photoactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Feinweber
- Division of Molecular Tumor Biology
- Department of Molecular Biology
- University of Salzburg
- 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Verwanger
- Division of Molecular Tumor Biology
- Department of Molecular Biology
- University of Salzburg
- 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Johannes Kepler University Linz
- 4060 Leonding, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Johannes Kepler University Linz
- 4060 Leonding, Austria
| | - Barbara Krammer
- Division of Molecular Tumor Biology
- Department of Molecular Biology
- University of Salzburg
- 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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