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György C, Armes SP. Recent Advances in Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly (PISA) Syntheses in Non-Polar Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308372. [PMID: 37409380 PMCID: PMC10952376 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is a powerful and highly versatile technique for the rational synthesis of colloidal dispersions of diblock copolymer nanoparticles, including spheres, worms or vesicles. PISA can be conducted in water, polar solvents or non-polar media. In principle, the latter formulations offer a wide range of potential commercial applications. However, there has been just one review focused on PISA syntheses in non-polar media and this prior article was published in 2016. The purpose of the current review article is to summarize the various advances that have been reported since then. In particular, PISA syntheses conducted using reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization in various n-alkanes, poly(α-olefins), mineral oil, low-viscosity silicone oils or supercritical CO2 are discussed in detail. Selected formulations exhibit thermally induced worm-to-sphere or vesicle-to-worm morphological transitions and the rheological properties of various examples of worm gels in non-polar media are summarized. Finally, visible absorption spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) enable in situ monitoring of nanoparticle formation, while small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) can be used to examine micelle fusion/fission and chain exchange mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla György
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldDainton BuildingSheffieldSouth YorkshireS3 7HFUK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldDainton BuildingSheffieldSouth YorkshireS3 7HFUK
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2
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György C, Kirkman PM, Neal TJ, Chan DHH, Williams M, Smith T, Growney DJ, Armes SP. Enhanced Adsorption of Epoxy-Functional Nanoparticles onto Stainless Steel Significantly Reduces Friction in Tribological Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218397. [PMID: 36651475 PMCID: PMC10962596 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy-functional sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles (ca. 27 nm) are prepared via RAFT dispersion polymerization in mineral oil. Nanoparticle adsorption onto stainless steel is examined using a quartz crystal microbalance. Incorporating epoxy groups within the steric stabilizer chains results in a two-fold increase in the adsorbed amount, Γ, at 20 °C (7.6 mg m-2 ) compared to epoxy-core functional nanoparticles (3.7 mg m-2 ) or non-functional nanoparticles (3.8 mg m-2 ). A larger difference in Γ is observed at 40 °C; this suggests chemical adsorption of the nanoparticles rather than merely physical adsorption. A remarkable near five-fold increase in Γ is observed for ca. 50 nm epoxy-functional nanoparticles compared to non-functional nanoparticles (31.3 vs. 6.4 mg m-2 , respectively). Tribological studies confirm that chemical adsorption of the latter epoxy-functional nanoparticles leads to a significant reduction in friction between 60 °C and 120 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla György
- Dainton BuildingDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldSouth YorkshireS3 7HFUK
| | | | - Thomas J. Neal
- Dainton BuildingDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldSouth YorkshireS3 7HFUK
| | - Derek H. H. Chan
- Dainton BuildingDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldSouth YorkshireS3 7HFUK
| | | | | | | | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton BuildingDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldSouth YorkshireS3 7HFUK
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3
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Wang J, Cheng J, Tu K, Wang Y, Yu Q, Zhang L, Cheng Z. Fluorinated reversed micelles by polymerization-induced self-assembly with main-chain-type semifluorinated alternating copolymer. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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4
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Sahoo S, Gordievskaya YD, Bauri K, Gavrilov AA, Kramarenko EY, De P. Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly (PISA) Generated Cholesterol-Based Block Copolymer Nano-Objects in a Nonpolar Solvent: Combined Experimental and Simulation Study. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhasish Sahoo
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Yulia D. Gordievskaya
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Kamal Bauri
- Department of Chemistry, Raghunathpur College, Purulia 723133, West Bengal, India
| | - Alexey A. Gavrilov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena Yu. Kramarenko
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
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5
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György C, Smith T, Growney DJ, Armes SP. Synthesis and derivatization of epoxy-functional sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer spheres in non-polar media: does the spatial location of the epoxy groups matter? Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00559j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy-functional sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles are prepared via PISA in mineral oil and then derivatized using various reagents and reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla György
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Timothy Smith
- Lubrizol Ltd, Nether Lane, Hazelwood, Derbyshire, DE56 4AN, UK
| | | | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
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6
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György C, Verity C, Neal TJ, Rymaruk MJ, Cornel EJ, Smith T, Growney DJ, Armes SP. RAFT Dispersion Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate in Mineral Oil: High Glass Transition Temperature of the Core-Forming Block Constrains the Evolution of Copolymer Morphology. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Csilla György
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Chloe Verity
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Thomas J. Neal
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Matthew J. Rymaruk
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Erik J. Cornel
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Timothy Smith
- Lubrizol Ltd., Nether Lane, Hazelwood, Derbyshire DE56 4AN, U.K
| | | | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
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7
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Araste F, Aliabadi A, Abnous K, Taghdisi SM, Ramezani M, Alibolandi M. Self-assembled polymeric vesicles: Focus on polymersomes in cancer treatment. J Control Release 2021; 330:502-528. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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8
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Lequieu J, Magenau AJD. Reaction-induced phase transitions with block copolymers in solution and bulk. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00722f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reaction-induced phase transitions use chemical reactions to drive macromolecular organisation and self-assembly. This review highlights significant and recent advancements in this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lequieu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Drexel University
- Philadelphia
- USA
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9
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Shushunova NY, Troitskii BB, Chesnokov SA, Kovylina TA, Konev AN. Synthesis of Narrowly Dispersed Block Copolymer of Butyl Acrylate and Acrylic Acid in a Solution Acquiring Colloidal Properties during Cooling. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s156009042101005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The homophase polymerization of acrylic acid is carried out in a solution of poly(butyl acrylate) trithiocarbonate (PBATC) in a mixed solvent 2-propanol–water. The phase diagram of the three-component PBATC-2-propanol–water system at 22°C is obtained. The homophase region of the compositions of semidilute solutions is determined. The homophase polymerization of AA in the three-component system at 70°C, in which the mixed solvent with respect to PBATC is similar in thermodynamic quality to the θ-solvent at 22°, yields solutions of the narrowly dispersed block copolymer butyl acrylate–acrylic acid. The content of the block copolymer in solutions is 15–23%, the MW of the copolymer is 10–20 × 103, and the polydispersity coefficient is 1.12–1.16. As evidenced by dynamic light scattering, under normal conditions, the solutions contain nanoparticles with a diameter of up to 50 nm with a narrow size distribution.
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10
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Guerre M, Lopez G, Améduri B, Semsarilar M, Ladmiral V. Solution self-assembly of fluorinated polymers, an overview. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00221j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of fluorinated moieties into a polymer can confer unique properties and often lead in solution to original morphologies endowed with rare properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Guerre
- Laboratoire des IMRCP
- Université de Toulouse
- CNRS UMR 5623
- Université Paul Sabatier
- 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9
| | - Gérald Lopez
- ICGM
- Univ Montpellier-CNRS-ENSCM
- Montpellier
- France
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11
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Cornel EJ, Smith GN, Rogers SE, Hallett JE, Growney DJ, Smith T, O'Hora PS, van Meurs S, Mykhaylyk OO, Armes SP. Time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering studies of the thermally-induced exchange of copolymer chains between spherical diblock copolymer nanoparticles prepared via polymerization-induced self-assembly. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:3657-3668. [PMID: 32227048 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02425e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles (a.k.a. micelles) are prepared directly in non-polar media via polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). More specifically, a poly(lauryl methacrylate) chain transfer agent is chain-extended via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) to form sterically-stabilized spheres at 20% w/w solids in n-dodecane at 90 °C. Both fully hydrogenous (PLMA39-PMMA55 and PLMA39-PMMA94) and core-deuterated (PLMA39-d8PMMA57 and PLMA39-d8PMMA96) spherical nanoparticles with mean core diameters of approximately 20 nm were prepared using this protocol. After diluting each dispersion in turn to 1.0% w/w with n-dodecane, small-angle X-ray scattering studies confirmed essentially no change in spherical nanoparticle diameter after thermal annealing at 150 °C. Time-resolved small angle neutron scattering was used to examine whether copolymer chain exchange occurs between such nanoparticles at elevated temperatures. Copolymer chain exchange for a binary mixture of PLMA39-PMMA55 and PLMA39-d8PMMA57 nanoparticles produced hybrid (mixed) cores containing both PMMA55 and d8PMMA57 blocks within 3 min at 150 °C. In contrast, a binary mixture of PLMA39-PMMA94 and PLMA39-d8PMMA96 nanoparticles required 8 min at this temperature before no further reduction in neutron scattering intensity could be observed. These observations suggest that the rate of copolymer chain exchange depends on the degree of polymerization of the core-forming block. Relatively slow copolymer chain exchange was also observed at 80 °C, which is below the Tg of the core-forming PMMA block as determined by DSC studies. These observations confirm rapid exchange of individual copolymer chains between sterically-stabilized nanoparticles at elevated temperature. The implications of these findings are briefly discussed in the context of PISA, which is a powerful technique for the synthesis of sterically-stabilized nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Cornel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Dainton Building, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Gregory N Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Dainton Building, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK. and Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sarah E Rogers
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - James E Hallett
- H.H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
| | - David J Growney
- Lubrizol Ltd, Nether Lane, Hazelwood, Derbyshire DE56 4AN, UK
| | - Timothy Smith
- Lubrizol Ltd, Nether Lane, Hazelwood, Derbyshire DE56 4AN, UK
| | - Paul S O'Hora
- Lubrizol Ltd, Nether Lane, Hazelwood, Derbyshire DE56 4AN, UK
| | - Sandra van Meurs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Dainton Building, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Oleksandr O Mykhaylyk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Dainton Building, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Dainton Building, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK.
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12
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Parker B, Derry MJ, Ning Y, Armes SP. Exploring the Upper Size Limit for Sterically Stabilized Diblock Copolymer Nanoparticles Prepared by Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly in Non-Polar Media. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:3730-3736. [PMID: 32216260 PMCID: PMC7161081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate is used to prepare a series of well-defined poly(stearyl methacrylate)-poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PSMA-PBzMA) diblock copolymer nanoparticles in mineral oil at 90 °C. A relatively long PSMA54 precursor acts as a steric stabilizer block and also ensures that only kinetically trapped spheres are obtained, regardless of the target degree of polymerization (DP) for the core-forming PBzMA block. This polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) formulation provides good control over the particle size distribution over a wide size range (24-459 nm diameter). 1H NMR spectroscopy studies confirm that high monomer conversions (≥96%) are obtained for all PISA syntheses while transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analyses show well-defined spheres with a power-law relationship between the target PBzMA DP and the mean particle diameter. Gel permeation chromatography studies indicate a gradual loss of control over the molecular weight distribution as higher DPs are targeted, but well-defined morphologies and narrow particle size distributions can be obtained for PBzMA DPs up to 3500, which corresponds to an upper particle size limit of 459 nm. Thus, these are among the largest well-defined spheres with reasonably narrow size distributions (standard deviation ≤20%) produced by any PISA formulation. Such large spheres serve as model sterically stabilized particles for analytical centrifugation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony
R. Parker
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook
Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yin Ning
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook
Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook
Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
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13
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Smith GN, Canning SL, Derry MJ, Jones ER, Neal TJ, Smith AJ. Ionic and Nonspherical Polymer Nanoparticles in Nonpolar Solvents. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L. Canning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Derry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth R. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J. Neal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Smith
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
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14
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Cornel EJ, O'Hora PS, Smith T, Growney DJ, Mykhaylyk OO, Armes SP. SAXS studies of the thermally-induced fusion of diblock copolymer spheres: formation of hybrid nanoparticles of intermediate size and shape. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4312-4321. [PMID: 34122889 PMCID: PMC8152590 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00569j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilute dispersions of poly(lauryl methacrylate)-poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PLMA-PBzMA) diblock copolymer spheres (a.k.a. micelles) of differing mean particle diameter were mixed and thermally annealed at 150 °C to produce spherical nanoparticles of intermediate size. The two initial dispersions were prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate in n-dodecane at 90 °C. Systematic variation of the mean degree of polymerization of the core-forming PBzMA block enabled control over the mean particle diameter: small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis indicated that PLMA39-PBzMA97 and PLMA39-PBzMA294 formed well-defined, non-interacting spheres at 25 °C with core diameters of 21 ± 2 nm and 48 ± 5 nm, respectively. When heated separately, both types of nanoparticles regained their original dimensions during a 25-150-25 °C thermal cycle. However, the cores of the smaller nanoparticles became appreciably solvated when annealed at 150 °C, whereas the larger nanoparticles remained virtually non-solvated at this temperature. Moreover, heating caused a significant reduction in mean aggregation number for the PLMA39-PBzMA97 nanoparticles, suggesting their partial dissociation at 150 °C. Binary mixtures of PLMA39-PBzMA97 and PLMA39-PBzMA294 nanoparticles were then studied over a wide range of compositions. For example, annealing a 1.0% w/w equivolume binary mixture led to the formation of a single population of spheres of intermediate mean diameter (36 ± 4 nm). Thus we hypothesize that the individual PLMA39-PBzMA97 chains interact with the larger PLMA39-PBzMA294 nanoparticles to form the hybrid nanoparticles. Time-resolved SAXS studies confirm that the evolution in copolymer morphology occurs on relatively short time scales (within 20 min at 150 °C) and involves weakly anisotropic intermediate species. Moreover, weakly anisotropic nanoparticles can be obtained as a final copolymer morphology over a restricted range of compositions (e.g. for PLMA39-PBzMA97 volume fractions of 0.20-0.35) when heating dilute dispersions of such binary nanoparticle mixtures up to 150 °C. A mechanism involving both chain expulsion/insertion and micelle fusion/fission is proposed to account for these unexpected observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Cornel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building, Brook Hill Sheffield South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - P S O'Hora
- Lubrizol Ltd Nether Lane, Hazelwood Derbyshire DE56 4AN UK
| | - T Smith
- Lubrizol Ltd Nether Lane, Hazelwood Derbyshire DE56 4AN UK
| | - D J Growney
- Lubrizol Ltd Nether Lane, Hazelwood Derbyshire DE56 4AN UK
| | - O O Mykhaylyk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building, Brook Hill Sheffield South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - S P Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building, Brook Hill Sheffield South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
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15
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D'Agosto F, Rieger J, Lansalot M. RAFT‐vermittelte polymerisationsinduzierte Selbstorganisation (PISA). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franck D'Agosto
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2) 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne Frankreich
| | - Jutta Rieger
- Sorbonne Université and CNRS UMR 8232 Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Polymer Chemistry Team (ECP) 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris Frankreich
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2) 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne Frankreich
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16
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D'Agosto F, Rieger J, Lansalot M. RAFT‐Mediated Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8368-8392. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franck D'Agosto
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2) 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Jutta Rieger
- Sorbonne Université and CNRS UMR 8232 Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM) Polymer Chemistry Team (ECP) 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Muriel Lansalot
- Univ Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CPE Lyon CNRS UMR 5265 Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2) 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
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17
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Rymaruk MJ, O’Brien CT, Brown SL, Williams CN, Armes SP. RAFT Dispersion Polymerization of Benzyl Methacrylate in Silicone Oil Using a Silicone-Based Methacrylic Stabilizer Provides Convenient Access to Spheres, Worms, and Vesicles. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Rymaruk
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton Building, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Cate T. O’Brien
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton Building, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Steven L. Brown
- Scott Bader Company Ltd., Wollaston, Wellingborough, Northamptonshire NN29 7RL, U.K
| | - Clive N. Williams
- Scott Bader Company Ltd., Wollaston, Wellingborough, Northamptonshire NN29 7RL, U.K
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton Building, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
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18
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Darmau B, Rymaruk MJ, Warren NJ, Bening R, Armes SP. RAFT dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate in non-polar media using hydrogenated polybutadiene as a steric stabilizer block. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01371d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Well-defined spheres, worms or vesicles are prepared via RAFT dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate in n-dodecane at 90 °C using hydrogenated polybutadiene as a macro-RAFT agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Darmau
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Matthew J. Rymaruk
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Nicholas J. Warren
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - Robert Bening
- Kraton Polymers LLC
- a subsidiary of Kraton Corporation
- Houston
- USA
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
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19
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Docherty PJ, Girou C, Derry MJ, Armes SP. Epoxy-functional diblock copolymer spheres, worms and vesicles via polymerization-induced self-assembly in mineral oil. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00380h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy-functional poly(stearyl methacrylate)-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) spheres, worms or vesicles can be prepared by RAFT dispersion polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate in mineral oil at 70 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chloé Girou
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | | | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
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20
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Park J, Ahn NY, Seo M. Cross-linking polymerization-induced self-assembly to produce branched core cross-linked star block polymer micelles. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00515k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Copolymerizing a cross-linker in the PISA process spontaneously produces branched core cross-linked block polymer micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Park
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Nam Young Ahn
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
| | - Myungeun Seo
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Korea
- Department of Chemistry
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21
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Smith GN, Canning SL, Derry MJ, Mykhaylyk OO, Norman SE, Armes SP. Influence of an ionic comonomer on polymerization-induced self-assembly of diblock copolymers in non-polar media. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00101e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Incorporating an appropriate ionic comonomer into a polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) formulation can provide convenient access to block copolymer worms and vesicles in non-polar media, in addition to spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N. Smith
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- UK
- Niels Bohr Institute
- University of Copenhagen
| | | | | | | | - Sarah E. Norman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- The QUILL Centre
- Queen's University Belfast
- Belfast BT9 5AG
- UK
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22
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Derry MJ, Smith T, O’Hora PS, Armes SP. Block Copolymer Nanoparticles Prepared via Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly Provide Excellent Boundary Lubrication Performance for Next-Generation Ultralow-Viscosity Automotive Engine Oils. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:33364-33369. [PMID: 31430432 PMCID: PMC7007003 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Core cross-linked poly(stearyl methacrylate)-poly(benzyl methacrylate)-poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) [S31-B200-E20] triblock copolymer nanoparticles were synthesized directly in an industrial mineral oil via polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). Gel permeation chromatography analysis of the S31-B200 diblock copolymer precursor chains indicated a well-controlled reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer dispersion polymerization, while transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light-scattering (DLS), and small-angle X-ray scattering studies indicated the formation of well-defined spheres. Moreover, DLS studies performed in THF, which is a common solvent for the S and B blocks, confirmed successful covalent stabilization because well-defined solvent-swollen spheres were obtained under such conditions. Tribology experiments using a mini-traction machine (MTM) indicated that 0.50% w/w dispersions of S31-B200-E20 spheres dramatically reduce the friction coefficient of base oil within the boundary lubrication regime. Given their efficient and straightforward PISA synthesis at high solids, such nanoparticles offer new opportunities for the formulation of next-generation ultralow-viscosity automotive engine oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Derry
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- E-mail: . Phone: +44(0)114-222-9503
| | - Timothy Smith
- Lubrizol
Ltd., The Knowle, Nether
Lane, Hazelwood, Derbyshire DE56 4AN, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S. O’Hora
- Lubrizol
Ltd., The Knowle, Nether
Lane, Hazelwood, Derbyshire DE56 4AN, United Kingdom
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton
Building, Department of Chemistry, University
of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
- E-mail: . Phone: +44(0)114-222-9342
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23
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Smith GN, Derry MJ, Hallett JE, Lovett JR, Mykhaylyk OO, Neal TJ, Prévost S, Armes SP. Refractive index matched, nearly hard polymer colloids. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2019; 475:20180763. [PMID: 31293354 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2018.0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Refractive index matched particles serve as essential model systems for colloid scientists, providing nearly hard spheres to explore structure and dynamics. The poly(methyl methacrylate) latexes typically used are often refractive index matched by dispersing them in binary solvent mixtures, but this can lead to undesirable changes, such as particle charging or swelling. To avoid these shortcomings, we have synthesized refractive index matched colloids using polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) rather than as polymer latexes. The crucial difference is that these diblock copolymer nanoparticles consist of a single core-forming polymer in a single non-ionizable solvent. The diblock copolymer chosen was poly(stearyl methacrylate)-poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PSMA-PTFEMA), which self-assembles to form PTFEMA core spheres in n-alkanes. By monitoring scattered light intensity, n-tetradecane was found to be the optimal solvent for matching the refractive index of such nanoparticles. As expected for PISA syntheses, the diameter of the colloids can be controlled by varying the PTFEMA degree of polymerization. Concentrated dispersions were prepared, and the diffusion of the PSMA-PTFEMA nanoparticles as a function of volume fraction was measured. These diblock copolymer nanoparticles are a promising new system of transparent spheres for future colloidal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Matthew J Derry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - James E Hallett
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Joseph R Lovett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | | | - Thomas J Neal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Sylvain Prévost
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
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25
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Docherty PJ, Derry MJ, Armes SP. RAFT dispersion polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate for the synthesis of epoxy-functional block copolymer nanoparticles in mineral oil. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01584h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy-functional poly(stearyl methacrylate)-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PSMA-PGlyMA) diblock copolymer nanoparticles are synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GlyMA) in mineral oil at 70 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
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26
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Alzahrani A, Zhou D, Kuchel RP, Zetterlund PB, Aldabbagh F. Polymerization-induced self-assembly based on ATRP in supercritical carbon dioxide. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00498j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) based on ATRP has been successfully conducted in scCO2 resulting in polymer particles of high order morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alzahrani
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland Galway
- University Road
- Galway
- Ireland
| | - Dewen Zhou
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Rhiannon P. Kuchel
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Per B. Zetterlund
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD)
- School of Chemical Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Fawaz Aldabbagh
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland Galway
- University Road
- Galway
- Ireland
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27
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Kitiri EN, Varnava CK, Patrickios CS, Voutouri C, Stylianopoulos T, Gradzielski M, Hoffmann I. Double‐networks based on interconnected amphiphilic “in–out” star first polymer conetworks prepared by RAFT polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elina N. Kitiri
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cyprus P. O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia Cyprus
| | | | - Costas S. Patrickios
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cyprus P. O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia Cyprus
| | - Chrysovalantis Voutouri
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of Cyprus P. O. Box 20537, Nicosia 1678 Cyprus
| | | | - Michael Gradzielski
- Stranski Laboratorium für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 124, 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Ingo Hoffmann
- Institut Max von Laue‐Paul Langevin (ILL) F‐38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 France
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28
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Le D, Keller D, Delaittre G. Reactive and Functional Nanoobjects by Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800551. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dao Le
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Dominic Keller
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Guillaume Delaittre
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
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29
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Busatto N, Stolojan V, Shaw M, Keddie JL, Roth PJ. Reactive Polymorphic Nanoparticles: Preparation via Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly and Postsynthesis Thiol-para
-Fluoro Core Modification. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800346. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Busatto
- Department of Chemistry; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - Vlad Stolojan
- Advanced Technology Institute; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - Michael Shaw
- National Physical Laboratory; Hampton Road; Teddington Middlesex TW11 0LW UK
- Department of Computer Science; University College London; London WC1 6BT UK
| | - Joseph L. Keddie
- Department of Physics; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - Peter J. Roth
- Department of Chemistry; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
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30
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Zhang Y, Han G, Cao M, Guo T, Zhang W. Influence of Solvophilic Homopolymers on RAFT Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Special Functional Waterproof Materials, Beijing Oriental Yuhong Waterproof Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
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31
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Derry MJ, Mykhaylyk OO, Ryan AJ, Armes SP. Thermoreversible crystallization-driven aggregation of diblock copolymer nanoparticles in mineral oil. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4071-4082. [PMID: 29780536 PMCID: PMC5944243 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00762d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A poly(behenyl methacrylate)37 (PBeMA37) macromolecular chain transfer agent is utilized for the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) directly in mineral oil at 90 °C. Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) occurs under these conditions, yielding a series of sterically-stabilized PBeMA37-PBzMA x diblock copolymer spheres of tunable diameter as confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies. Rheological studies indicate that a relatively transparent, free-flowing, concentrated dispersion of non-interacting 32 nm PBeMA37-PBzMA100 spheres at 50 °C forms a turbid, paste-like dispersion on cooling to 20 °C. Turbidimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies conducted on solutions of PBeMA37 homopolymer in mineral oil suggest that this switchable colloidal stability is linked to crystallization-induced phase separation exhibited by this stabilizer block. Indeed, variable-temperature small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) indicates that a loose mass fractal network of strongly interacting spheres is formed on cooling to 20 °C, which accounts for this thermoreversible sol-gel transition. Moreover, SAXS, DSC and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) analyses indicate that the behenyl (C22H45) side-chains first form crystalline domains comprising adjacent stabilizer chains within individual spherical nanoparticles, with subsequent crystallization between neighboring nanoparticles leading to the formation of the mass fractal aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Derry
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Oleksandr O Mykhaylyk
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Anthony J Ryan
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
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32
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Smith GN, Mears LLE, Rogers SE, Armes SP. Synthesis and electrokinetics of cationic spherical nanoparticles in salt-free non-polar media. Chem Sci 2017; 9:922-934. [PMID: 29629159 PMCID: PMC5874696 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03334f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic diblock copolymer nanoparticles have been prepared in n-dodecane via polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). A previously reported poly(stearyl methacrylate)-poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PSMA-PBzMA) PISA formulation (Chem. Sci. 2016, 7, 5078-5090) was modified by statistically copolymerizing an oil-soluble cationic methacrylic monomer, (2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)trimethylammonium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate, with either SMA or BzMA, to produce either charged shell or charged core nanoparticles. The electrokinetics were studied as a function of many variables (function of volume function, particle size, solvent viscosity, and number of ions per chain). These data are consistent with electrophoresis controlled by counterion condensation, which is typically observed in salt-free media. However, there are several interesting and unexpected features of interest. In particular, charged shell nanoparticles have a lower electrophoretic mobility than the equivalent charged core nanoparticles, and the magnitude of the electrophoretic mobility increases as the fraction of cationic stabilizer chains in the shell layer is reduced. These results show that cationic PSMA-PBzMA spheres provide an interesting new example of electrophoretic nanoparticles in non-polar solvents. Moreover, they should provide an ideal model system to evaluate new electrokinetic theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N Smith
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ;
| | - Laura L E Mears
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 7ZD , UK
| | - Sarah E Rogers
- ISIS-STFC , Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Chilton , Oxon OX11 0QX , UK
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ;
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33
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Maiti B, Haldar U, Rajasekhar T, De P. Functional-Polymer Library through Post-Polymerization Modification of Copolymers Having Oleate and Pentafluorophenyl Pendants. Chemistry 2017; 23:15156-15165. [PMID: 28850744 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Binoy Maiti
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata; Mohanpur Nadia, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Ujjal Haldar
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata; Mohanpur Nadia, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Tota Rajasekhar
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata; Mohanpur Nadia, West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata; Mohanpur Nadia, West Bengal 741246 India
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35
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Pei Y, Lowe AB, Roth PJ. Stimulus-Responsive Nanoparticles and Associated (Reversible) Polymorphism via Polymerization Induced Self-assembly (PISA). Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Pei
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford GU2 7XH United Kingdom
| | - Andrew B. Lowe
- Nanochemistry Research Institute and Department of Chemistry; Curtin University; Bentley Perth 6102 WA Australia
| | - Peter J. Roth
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences; University of Surrey; Guildford GU2 7XH United Kingdom
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36
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Yang P, Mykhaylyk O, Jones ER, Armes SP. RAFT Dispersion Alternating Copolymerization of Styrene with N-Phenylmaleimide: Morphology Control and Application as an Aqueous Foam Stabilizer. Macromolecules 2016; 49:6731-6742. [PMID: 27708458 PMCID: PMC5041161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We report a new nonaqueous polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) formulation based on the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion alternating copolymerization of styrene with N-phenylmaleimide using a nonionic poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) stabilizer in a 50/50 w/w ethanol/methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) mixture. The MEK cosolvent is significantly less toxic than the 1,4-dioxane cosolvent reported previously [Yang P.; Macromolecules2013, 46, 8545-8556]. The core-forming alternating copolymer block has a relatively high glass transition temperature (Tg), which leads to vesicular morphologies being observed during PISA, as well as the more typical sphere and worm phases. Each of these copolymer morphologies has been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies. TEM studies reveal micrometer-sized elliptical particles with internal structure, with SAXS analysis suggesting an oligolamellar vesicle morphology. This structure differs from that previously reported for a closely related PISA formulation utilizing a poly(methacrylic acid) stabilizer block for which unilamellar platelet-like particles are observed by TEM and SAXS. This suggests that interlamellar interactions are governed by the nature of the steric stabilizer layer. Moreover, using the MEK cosolvent also enables access to a unilamellar vesicular morphology, despite the high Tg of the alternating copolymer core-forming block. This was achieved by simply conducting the PISA synthesis at a higher temperature for a longer reaction time (80 °C for 24 h). Presumably, MEK solvates the core-forming block more than the previously utilized 1,4-dioxane cosolvent, which leads to greater chain mobility. Finally, preliminary experiments indicate that the worms are much more efficient stabilizers for aqueous foams than either the spheres or the oligolamellar elliptical vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Oleksandr
O. Mykhaylyk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Elizabeth R. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
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37
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Derry MJ, Fielding LA, Warren NJ, Mable CJ, Smith AJ, Mykhaylyk OO, Armes SP. In situ small-angle X-ray scattering studies of sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles formed during polymerization-induced self-assembly in non-polar media. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5078-5090. [PMID: 30155157 PMCID: PMC6018718 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01243d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) is utilized to prepare a series of poly(stearyl methacrylate)-poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PSMA-PBzMA) diblock copolymer nano-objects at 90 °C directly in mineral oil. Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) occurs under these conditions, with the resulting nanoparticles exhibiting spherical, worm-like or vesicular morphologies when using a relatively short PSMA13 macromolecular chain transfer agent (macro-CTA), as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies. Only kinetically-trapped spherical nanoparticles are obtained when using longer macro-CTAs (e.g. PSMA18 or PSMA31), with higher mean degrees of polymerization (DPs) for the PBzMA core-forming block simply producing progressively larger spheres. SAXS is used for the first time to monitor the various morphological transitions that occur in situ during the RAFT dispersion polymerization of BzMA when targeting either spheres or vesicles as the final copolymer morphology. This powerful characterization technique enables the evolution of particle diameter, mean aggregation number, number of copolymer chains per unit surface area (Sagg) and the distance between adjacent copolymer chains at the core-shell interface (dint) to be monitored as a function of monomer conversion for kinetically-trapped spheres. Moreover, the gradual evolution of copolymer morphology during PISA is confirmed unequivocally, with approximate 'lifetimes' assigned to the intermediate pure sphere and worm morphologies when targeting PSMA13-PBzMA150 vesicles. Within vesicle phase space, the membrane thickness (Tm) increases monotonically with PBzMA DP. Furthermore, a combination of dynamic light scattering (DLS), TEM and post mortem SAXS studies indicate that the lumen volume is reduced while the overall vesicle dimensions remain essentially constant. Thus the constrained vesicles grow inwards, as recently reported for an aqueous PISA formulation. This suggests a universal vesicle growth mechanism for all PISA formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Derry
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Lee A Fielding
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Nicholas J Warren
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Charlotte J Mable
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Andrew J Smith
- Diamond Light Source Ltd , Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot , Oxfordshire OX11 0DE , UK
| | - Oleksandr O Mykhaylyk
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill , Sheffield , South Yorkshire S3 7HF , UK . ; ;
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38
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Gao C, Zhou H, Qu Y, Wang W, Khan H, Zhang W. In Situ Synthesis of Block Copolymer Nanoassemblies via Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly in Poly(ethylene glycol). Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengqiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and ‡Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and ‡Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yaqing Qu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and ‡Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and ‡Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Habib Khan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and ‡Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials
of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry and ‡Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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39
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Huang J, Zhu H, Liang H, Lu J. Salicylaldehyde-functionalized block copolymer nano-objects: one-pot synthesis via polymerization-induced self-assembly and their simultaneous cross-linking and fluorescence modification. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00794e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Salicylaldehyde-functionalized nano-objects are prepared via RAFT-mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly. Their simultaneous stabilization and fluorescence modification can be achieved by one-step reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou, 510275
| | - Hanjun Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou, 510275
| | - Hui Liang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou, 510275
| | - Jiang Lu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for High Performance Polymer-based Composites
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou, 510275
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40
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Derry MJ, Fielding LA, Armes SP. Polymerization-induced self-assembly of block copolymer nanoparticles via RAFT non-aqueous dispersion polymerization. Prog Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Pei Y, Jarrett K, Saunders M, Roth PJ, Buckley CE, Lowe AB. Triply responsive soft matter nanoparticles based on poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-block-3-phenylpropyl methacrylate] copolymers. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00254d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The stimulus-responsive properties of nanoparticles based on poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-b-3-phenylpropyl methacrylate] (p(OEGMA-b-PPMA)) copolymers in alcohols are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Pei
- Nanochemistry Research Institute (NRI)
- Curtin University
- Perth
- Australia
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Kevin Jarrett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Curtin University
- Perth
- Australia
| | - Martin Saunders
- Centre for Microscopy
- Characterisation and Analysis (CMCA)
- University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - Peter J. Roth
- Nanochemistry Research Institute (NRI)
- Curtin University
- Perth
- Australia
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Craig E. Buckley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Curtin University
- Perth
- Australia
| | - Andrew B. Lowe
- Nanochemistry Research Institute (NRI)
- Curtin University
- Perth
- Australia
- Department of Chemistry
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42
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Garrett ET, Pei Y, Lowe AB. Microwave-assisted synthesis of block copolymer nanoparticles via RAFT with polymerization-induced self-assembly in methanol. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01672j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study of microwave-assisted (MA) and conductive heating in RAFT dispersion polymerization formulations in MeOH that result in polymerization-induced self-assembly is detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elden T. Garrett
- Nanochemistry Research Institute (NRI) & Department of Chemistry
- Curtin University
- Perth
- Australia
| | - Yiwen Pei
- Nanochemistry Research Institute (NRI) & Department of Chemistry
- Curtin University
- Perth
- Australia
| | - Andrew B. Lowe
- Nanochemistry Research Institute (NRI) & Department of Chemistry
- Curtin University
- Perth
- Australia
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43
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Liu H, Gao C, Ding Z, Zhang W. Synthesis of Polystyrene-block
-Poly(4-vinylpyridine) Ellipsoids through Macro-RAFT-Agent-Mediated Dispersion Polymerization: The Solvent Effect on the Morphology of the In Situ Synthesized Block Copolymer Nanoobjects. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chengqiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhonglin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
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