1
|
Patel H, Li J, Bo L, Mehta R, Ashby CR, Wang S, Cai W, Chen ZS. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems to overcome drug resistance in cancer. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:5-30. [PMID: 38515777 PMCID: PMC10954245 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Cancer nanomedicine is defined as the application of nanotechnology and nanomaterials for the formulation of cancer therapeutics that can overcome the impediments and restrictions of traditional chemotherapeutics. Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells can be defined as a decrease or abrogation in the efficacy of anticancer drugs that have different molecular structures and mechanisms of action and is one of the primary causes of therapeutic failure. There have been successes in the development of cancer nanomedicine to overcome MDR; however, relatively few of these formulations have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of cancer. This is primarily due to the paucity of knowledge about nanotechnology and the fundamental biology of cancer cells. Here, we discuss the advances, types of nanomedicines, and the challenges regarding the translation of in vitro to in vivo results and their relevance to effective therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiaxin Li
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Letao Bo
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Riddhi Mehta
- St. John’s College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles R. Ashby
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shanzhi Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wijker S, Deng L, Eisenreich F, Voets IK, Palmans ARA. En Route to Stabilized Compact Conformations of Single-Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles in Complex Media. Macromolecules 2022; 55:6220-6230. [PMID: 35910311 PMCID: PMC9330768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Precise control over the folding pathways of polypeptides using a combination of noncovalent and covalent interactions has evolved into a wide range of functional proteins with a perfectly defined 3D conformation. Inspired hereby, we develop a series of amphiphilic copolymers designed to form compact, stable, and structured single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) of defined size, even in competitive conditions. The SCPNs are formed through a combination of noncovalent interactions (hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions) and covalent intramolecular cross-linking using a light-induced [2 + 2] cycloaddition. By comparing different self-assembly pathways of the nanoparticles, we show that, like for proteins in nature, the order of events matters. When covalent cross-links are formed prior to the folding via hydrophobic and supramolecular interactions, larger particles with less structured interiors are formed. In contrast, when the copolymers first fold via hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions into compact conformations, followed by covalent cross-links, good control over the size of the SCPNs and microstructure of the hydrophobic interior is achieved. Such a structured SCPN can stabilize the solvatochromic dye benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide-Nile Red via molecular recognition for short periods of time in complex media, while showing slow exchange dynamics with the surrounding complex media at longer time scales. The SCPNs show good biocompatibility with cells and can carry cargo into the lysosomal compartments of the cells. Our study highlights the importance of control over the folding pathway in the design of stable SCPNs, which is an important step forward in their application as noncovalent drug or catalyst carriers in biological settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Wijker
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic
Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Linlin Deng
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic
Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Eisenreich
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic
Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja K. Voets
- Laboratory
of Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic
Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Collagen Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery Systems and Tissue Engineering. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112311369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The versatile natural polymer, collagen, has gained vast attention in biomedicine. Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, weak antigenicity, biomimetics and well-known safety profile, it is widely used as a drug, protein and gene carrier, and as a scaffold matrix in tissue engineering. Nanoparticles develop favorable chemical and physical properties such as increased drug half-life, improved hydrophobic drug solubility and controlled and targeted drug release. Their reduced toxicity, controllable characteristics of scaffolds and stimuli-responsive behavior make them suitable in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Collagen associates and absorbs nanoparticles leading to significant impacts on their biological functioning in any biofluid. This review will discuss collagen nanoparticle preparation methods and their applications and developments in drug delivery systems and tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
4
|
Platinum Atoms Dispersed in Single-chain Polymer Nanoparticles. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
Engelke J, Tuten BT, Schweins R, Komber H, Barner L, Plüschke L, Barner-Kowollik C, Lederer A. An in-depth analysis approach enabling precision single chain nanoparticle design. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01045f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of single chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) is a vibrant field in macromolecular science. However, to achieve an in-depth understanding of the nature of intramolecular polymer folding, a step-change in the methodologies for SCNP analysis is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Engelke
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden
| | - Bryan T. Tuten
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Laue-Langevin
- DS/LSS
- CS 20 156
- 38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9
- France
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Leonie Barner
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
| | - Laura Plüschke
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- School of Science
- Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
| | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- School of Science
- Technische Universität Dresden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kröger APP, Paats JWD, Boonen RJEA, Hamelmann NM, Paulusse JMJ. Pentafluorophenyl-based single-chain polymer nanoparticles as a versatile platform towards protein mimicry. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00922a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pentafluorophenyl-single chain polymer nanoparticles are readily conjugated with functional amines enabling facile SCNP modification, adjustment of physicochemical properties, and even protein mimicry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Pia P. Kröger
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
| | - Jan-Willem D. Paats
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
| | - Roy J. E. A. Boonen
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
| | - Naomi M. Hamelmann
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
| | - Jos M. J. Paulusse
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Assessing structure/property relationships and synthetic protocols in the fabrication of poly(oxanorbornene imide) single-chain nanoparticles. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
8
|
Engelke J, Brandt J, Barner-Kowollik C, Lederer A. Strengths and limitations of size exclusion chromatography for investigating single chain folding – current status and future perspectives. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00336c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic approaches for Single-Chain Nanoparticles (SCNPs) developed rapidly during the last decade, opening a multitude of avenues for the design of functional macromolecular chains able to collapse into defined nanoparticles. However, the analytical evaluation of the SCNP formation process still requires critical improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Engelke
- Polymer Separation Group
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden
| | - Josef Brandt
- Polymer Separation Group
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Albena Lederer
- Polymer Separation Group
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Elacqua E, Geberth GT, Vanden Bout DA, Weck M. Synthesis and folding behaviour of poly( p-phenylene vinylene)-based β-sheet polychromophores. Chem Sci 2018; 10:2144-2152. [PMID: 30881638 PMCID: PMC6385485 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05111a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This contribution describes the design and synthesis of β-sheet-mimicking synthetic polymers comprising distinct poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and poly(norbornene) (PNB) backbones with multiple turns.
This contribution describes the design and synthesis of β-sheet-mimicking synthetic polymers comprising distinct poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and poly(norbornene) (PNB) backbones with multiple turns. The rod–coil–coil–rod tetrablock copolymers, synthesized using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and featuring orthogonal face-to-face π–π stacking and phenyl/perfluorophenyl interactions, show persistent folding both in bulk and at the single molecule level, irrespective of the number of β-turns. Single molecule polarization studies reveal that the copolymers are more anisotropic than the corresponding homopolymers. Examination of the spectral signatures of the single molecules shows a dominant emissive chromophore in the linked materials compared to the homopolymer. The lack of significant spectral changes of the folded materials along with the existence of a dominant emission spectrum supports the proposed structure of well-aligned, minimally-interacting chromophores. Utilization of this reliably folding, phenyl/perfluorophenyl functionality could provide an extremely useful tool in future functional materials design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Elacqua
- Molecular Design Institute , Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York , NY 10003 , USA . .,Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , PA 16802 , USA
| | - Geoffrey T Geberth
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX 78712 , USA .
| | - David A Vanden Bout
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX 78712 , USA .
| | - Marcus Weck
- Molecular Design Institute , Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York , NY 10003 , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
DeFrates K, Markiewicz T, Gallo P, Rack A, Weyhmiller A, Jarmusik B, Hu X. Protein Polymer-Based Nanoparticles: Fabrication and Medical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1717. [PMID: 29890756 PMCID: PMC6032199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are particles that range in size from about 1⁻1000 nanometers in diameter, about one thousand times smaller than the average cell in a human body. Their small size, flexible fabrication, and high surface-area-to-volume ratio make them ideal systems for drug delivery. Nanoparticles can be made from a variety of materials including metals, polysaccharides, and proteins. Biological protein-based nanoparticles such as silk, keratin, collagen, elastin, corn zein, and soy protein-based nanoparticles are advantageous in having biodegradability, bioavailability, and relatively low cost. Many protein nanoparticles are easy to process and can be modified to achieve desired specifications such as size, morphology, and weight. Protein nanoparticles are used in a variety of settings and are replacing many materials that are not biocompatible and have a negative impact on the environment. Here we attempt to review the literature pertaining to protein-based nanoparticles with a focus on their application in drug delivery and biomedical fields. Additional detail on governing nanoparticle parameters, specific protein nanoparticle applications, and fabrication methods are also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey DeFrates
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Theodore Markiewicz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Pamela Gallo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Aaron Rack
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Aubrie Weyhmiller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Brandon Jarmusik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu Y, Pujals S, Stals PJM, Paulöhrl T, Presolski SI, Meijer EW, Albertazzi L, Palmans ARA. Catalytically Active Single-Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles: Exploring Their Functions in Complex Biological Media. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3423-3433. [PMID: 29457449 PMCID: PMC5997400 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) are intriguing, bioinspired architectures that result from the collapse or folding of an individual polymer chain into a nanometer-sized particle. Here we present a detailed biophysical study on the behavior of dynamic SCPNs in living cells and an evaluation of their catalytic functionality in such a complex medium. We first developed a number of delivery strategies that allowed the selective localization of SCPNs in different cellular compartments. Live/dead tests showed that the SCPNs were not toxic to cells while spectral imaging revealed that SCPNs provide a structural shielding and reduced the influence from the outer biological media. The ability of SCPNs to act as catalysts in biological media was first assessed by investigating their potential for reactive oxygen species generation. With porphyrins covalently attached to the SCPNs, singlet oxygen was generated upon irradiation with light, inducing spatially controlled cell death. In addition, Cu(I)- and Pd(II)-based SCPNs were prepared and these catalysts were screened in vitro and studied in cellular environments for the carbamate cleavage reaction of rhodamine-based substrates. This is a model reaction for the uncaging of bioactive compounds such as cytotoxic drugs for catalysis-based cancer therapy. We observed that the rate of the deprotection depends on both the organometallic catalysts and the nature of the protective group. The rate reduces from in vitro to the biological environment, indicating a strong influence of biomolecules on catalyst performance. The Cu(I)-based SCPNs in combination with the dimethylpropargyloxycarbonyl protective group showed the best performances both in vitro and in biological environment, making this group promising in biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiliu Liu
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sílvia Pujals
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrick J. M. Stals
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Paulöhrl
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stanislav I. Presolski
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kröger APP, Boonen RJ, Paulusse JM. Well-defined single-chain polymer nanoparticles via thiol-Michael addition. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
13
|
Hanlon AM, Chen R, Rodriguez KJ, Willis C, Dickinson JG, Cashman M, Berda EB. Scalable Synthesis of Single-Chain Nanoparticles under Mild Conditions. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M. Hanlon
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Material Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3598, United States
| | - Ruiwen Chen
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Material Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3598, United States
| | - Kyle J. Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Material Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3598, United States
| | - Claudia Willis
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Material Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3598, United States
| | - Jessica G. Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Material Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3598, United States
| | - Mark Cashman
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Material Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3598, United States
| | - Erik B. Berda
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Material Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3598, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymers respond to a variety of external stimuli, which include optical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, redox, pH, chemical, environmental and biological signals. This paper is concerned with the process of forming such polymers by RAFT polymerization.
Collapse
|
15
|
Cole JP, Lessard JJ, Rodriguez KJ, Hanlon AM, Reville EK, Mancinelli JP, Berda EB. Single-chain nanoparticles containing sequence-defined segments: using primary structure control to promote secondary and tertiary structures in synthetic protein mimics. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01133d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated intra-chain multicomponent reactions to synthesize single-chain nanoparticles (SCNP) containing sequence-defined segments at each cross-link, creating materials featuring multiple protein-inspired elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. P. Cole
- Department of Chemistry
- University of New Hampshire
- Durham
- USA
| | - J. J. Lessard
- Department of Chemistry
- University of New Hampshire
- Durham
- USA
| | | | - A. M. Hanlon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of New Hampshire
- Durham
- USA
| | - E. K. Reville
- Department of Chemistry
- University of New Hampshire
- Durham
- USA
| | | | - E. B. Berda
- Department of Chemistry
- University of New Hampshire
- Durham
- USA
- Materials Science Program
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Blasco E, Tuten BT, Frisch H, Lederer A, Barner-Kowollik C. Characterizing single chain nanoparticles (SCNPs): a critical survey. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01278k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We provide the results of a critical literature survey on the reported sizes of single chain polymer nanoparticles (SCNPs) employing different techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Blasco
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Bryan T. Tuten
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Australia
| | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden
- D-01069 Dresden
- Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden
- D-01062 Dresden
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|