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Sathyan A, Archontakis E, Spiering AJH, Albertazzi L, Palmans ARA. Effect of Particle Heterogeneity in Catalytic Copper-Containing Single-Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles Revealed by Single-Particle Kinetics. Molecules 2024; 29:1850. [PMID: 38675670 PMCID: PMC11054931 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) have been extensively explored as a synthetic alternative to enzymes for catalytic applications. However, the inherent structural heterogeneity of SCPNs, arising from the dispersity of the polymer backbone and stochastic incorporation of different monomers as well as catalytic moieties, is expected to lead to variations in catalytic activity between individual particles. To understand the effect of structural heterogeneities on the catalytic performance of SCPNs, techniques are required that permit researchers to directly monitor SCPN activity at the single-polymer level. In this study, we introduce the use of single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to study the kinetics of Cu(I)-containing SCPNs towards depropargylation reactions. We developed Cu(I)-containing SCPNs that exhibit fast kinetics towards depropargylation and Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reactions, making them suitable for single-particle kinetic studies. SCPNs were then immobilized on the surface of glass coverslips and the catalytic reactions were monitored at a single-particle level using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. Our studies revealed the interparticle turnover dispersity for Cu(I)-catalyzed depropargylations. In the future, our approach can be extended to different polymer designs which can give insights into the intrinsic heterogeneity of SCPN catalysis and can further aid in the rational development of SCPN-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Sathyan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (A.S.); (A.J.H.S.)
| | - Emmanouil Archontakis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (E.A.); (L.A.)
| | - A. J. H. Spiering
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (A.S.); (A.J.H.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (E.A.); (L.A.)
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (A.S.); (A.J.H.S.)
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2
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Dykeman-Bermingham PA, Bogen MP, Chittari SS, Grizzard SF, Knight AS. Tailoring Hierarchical Structure and Rare Earth Affinity of Compositionally Identical Polymers via Sequence Control. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8607-8617. [PMID: 38470430 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Macromolecule sequence, structure, and function are inherently intertwined. While well-established relationships exist in proteins, they are more challenging to define for synthetic polymer nanoparticles due to their molecular weight, sequence, and conformational dispersities. To explore the impact of sequence on nanoparticle structure, we synthesized a set of 16 compositionally identical, sequence-controlled polymers with distinct monomer patterning of dimethyl acrylamide and a bioinspired, structure-driving di(phenylalanine) acrylamide (FF). Sequence control was achieved through multiblock polymerizations, yielding unique ensembles of polymer sequences which were simulated by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. Systematic analysis of the global (tertiary- and quaternary-like) structure in this amphiphilic copolymer series revealed the effect of multiple sequence descriptors: the number of domains, the hydropathy of terminal domains, and the patchiness (density) of FF within a domain, each of which impacted both chain collapse and the distribution of single- and multichain assemblies. Furthermore, both the conformational freedom of chain segments and local-scale, β-sheet-like interactions were sensitive to the patchiness of FF. To connect sequence, structure, and target function, we evaluated an additional series of nine sequence-controlled copolymers as sequestrants for rare earth elements (REEs) by incorporating a functional acrylic acid monomer into select polymer scaffolds. We identified key sequence variables that influence the binding affinity, capacity, and selectivity of the polymers for REEs. Collectively, these results highlight the potential of and boundaries of sequence control via multiblock polymerizations to drive primary sequence ensembles hierarchical structures, and ultimately the functionality of compositionally identical polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Dykeman-Bermingham
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew P Bogen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Supraja S Chittari
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Savannah F Grizzard
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Abigail S Knight
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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3
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Wang C, Deng R, Weck M. Orthogonal Supramolecular Assemblies Using Side-Chain Functionalized Helical Poly(isocyanide)s. Macromolecules 2023; 56:3507-3516. [PMID: 37251603 PMCID: PMC10210603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mimicking the structure of proteins using synthetic polymers requires building blocks with structural similarity and the use of various noncovalent and dynamic covalent interactions. We report the synthesis of helical poly(isocyanide)s bearing diaminopyridine and pyridine side-chains and the multistep functionalization of the polymers' side-chains using hydrogen bonding and metal coordination. The orthogonality of the hydrogen bonding and metal coordination was proved by varying the sequence of the multistep assembly. The two side-chain functionalizations are reversible through the use of competitive solvents and/or competing ligands. Throughout the assembly and disassembly, the helical conformation of the polymer backbone is sustained as proved by circular dichroism spectroscopy. These results open the possibility to incorporate helical domains into complex polymer architectures and create a helical scaffold for smart materials.
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4
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Hamelmann NM, Paulusse JMJ. Single-chain polymer nanoparticles in biomedical applications. J Control Release 2023; 356:26-42. [PMID: 36804328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Single-chain polymer nanoparticles (SCNPs) are a well-defined and uniquely sized class of polymer nanoparticles. The advances in polymer science over the past decades have enabled the development of a variety of intramolecular crosslinking systems, leading to particles in the 5-20 nm size regime. Which is aligned with the size regime of proteins and therefore making SCNPs an interesting class of NPs for biomedical applications. The high modularity of SCNP design and the ease of their functionalization have led to growing research interest. In this review, we describe different crosslinking systems, as well as the preparation of functional SCNPs and the variety of biomedical applications that have been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi M Hamelmann
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jos M J Paulusse
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
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5
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Dore MD, Trinh T, Zorman M, de Rochambeau D, Platnich CM, Xu P, Luo X, Remington JM, Toader V, Cosa G, Li J, Sleiman HF. Thermosetting supramolecular polymerization of compartmentalized DNA fibers with stereo sequence and length control. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Bloesser FR, Walden SL, Irshadeen IM, Chambers LC, Barner-Kowollik C. Chemiluminescent self-reported unfolding of single-chain nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5203-5206. [PMID: 33908468 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00068c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the light-induced, crosslinker mediated collapse of linear polymer chains into single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) capable of self-reporting their unfolding. The crosslinker entails a phenyloxalate motif allowing for the targeted degradation of the SCNPs via addition of hydrogen peroxide that triggers chemiluminescence (CL). The time-dependant CL emission can serve as a guide to follow the time dependent unfolding of the SCNPs, allowing for a qualitative assessment of the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian R Bloesser
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
| | - Sarah L Walden
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
| | - Ishrath M Irshadeen
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
| | - Lewis C Chambers
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
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7
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Jaynes TJ, Sharafi M, Campbell JP, Bocanegra J, McKay KT, Little K, Osadchey Brown R, Gray DL, Woods TJ, Li J, Schneebeli ST. Iterative Exponential Growth of Oxygen-Linked Aromatic Polymers Driven by Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions. Front Chem 2021; 9:620017. [PMID: 33996739 PMCID: PMC8113702 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.620017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents the first transition metal-free synthesis of oxygen-linked aromatic polymers by integrating iterative exponential polymer growth (IEG) with nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reactions. Our approach applies methyl sulfones as the leaving groups, which eliminate the need for a transition metal catalyst, while also providing flexibility in functionality and configuration of the building blocks used. As indicated by 1) 1H-1H NOESY NMR spectroscopy, 2) single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and 3) density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the unimolecular polymers obtained are folded by nonclassical hydrogen bonds formed between the oxygens of the electron-rich aromatic rings and the positively polarized C-H bonds of the electron-poor pyrimidine functions. Our results not only introduce a transition metal-free synthetic methodology to access precision polymers but also demonstrate how interactions between relatively small, neutral aromatic units in the polymers can be utilized as new supramolecular interaction pairs to control the folding of precision macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Jaynes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Mona Sharafi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Joseph P. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Jessica Bocanegra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Kyle T. McKay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Kassondra Little
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | | | - Danielle L. Gray
- George L. Clark X-Ray Facility and 3M Materials Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Toby J. Woods
- George L. Clark X-Ray Facility and 3M Materials Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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8
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Upadhya R, Punia A, Kanagala MJ, Liu L, Lamm M, Rhodes TA, Gormley AJ. Automated PET-RAFT Polymerization Towards Pharmaceutical Amorphous Solid Dispersion Development. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2021; 3:1525-1536. [PMID: 34368765 PMCID: PMC8336633 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.0c01376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In pharmaceutical oral drug delivery development, about 90% of drugs in the pipeline have poor aqueous solubility leading to severe challenges with oral bioavailability and translation to effective and safe drug products. Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) have been utilized to enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). However, a limited selection of regulatory-approved polymer excipients exists for the development and further understanding of tailor-made ASDs. Thus, a significant need exists to better understand how polymers can be designed to interact with specific API moieties. Here, we demonstrate how an automated combinatorial library approach can be applied to the synthesis and screening of polymer excipients for the model drug probucol. We synthesized a library of 25 random heteropolymers containing one hydrophilic monomer (2-hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA)) and four hydrophobic monomers at varied incorporation. The performance of ASDs made by a rapid film casting method was evaluated by dissolution using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) sampling at various time points. This combinatorial library and rapid screening strategy enabled us to identify a relationship between polymer hydrophobicity, monomer hydrophobic side group geometry, and API dissolution performance. Remarkably, the most effective synthesized polymers displayed slower drug release kinetics compared to industry standard polymer excipients, showing the ability to modulate the drug release profile. Future coupling of high throughput polymer synthesis, high throughput screening (HTS), and quantitative modeling would enable specification of designer polymer excipients for specific API functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Upadhya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ashish Punia
- Preformulation Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Mythili J. Kanagala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Lina Liu
- Preformulation Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Matthew Lamm
- Preformulation Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Timothy A. Rhodes
- Preformulation Sciences, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Adam J. Gormley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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9
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Li X, Li J, Hao S, Han A, Yang Y, Fang G, Liu J, Wang S. Enzyme mimics based membrane reactor for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123873. [PMID: 33264945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), the most abundantly used plasticizer, was considered to be a hazardous chemical that was difficult to be degraded naturally. In this study, inspired by the "catalytic triad'' in serine proteases, an enzyme mimic material was developed by combining the proteases's active sites of serine, histidine and aspartate (S-H-D) with the self-assembling sequence of LKLKLKL and the aromatic group of fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc). By mixing the monomer of peptides containing separate S, H and D residues with a ratio of 2:1:1, the enzyme mimics were found to co- assemble into nanofibers (Co-HSD) and showed the highest activity towards DEHP degradation because of the synergistic effects of active sites, orderly secondary structure and stable molecular conformation. To further improve ability and applicability, the high active mimetic enzyme was immobilized onto regenerated cellulose (RC) membranes for DEHP degradation in a continuous recycling mode. The RC membranes were first functionalized by the NaIO4 oxidation method to form aldehyde groups and then conjugated with the enzyme mimics via Schiff-base reaction. As a biocatalytic membrane, this membrane could not only effectively degrade DEHP, but also showed good stability, thus establishing a promising biomaterial for large scale biodegradation of DEHP in water decontamination and liquid food depollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Jianpeng Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, 250353, PR China
| | - Sijia Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Ailing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Yayu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Guozhen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Jifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China; Research Center of Food Science and Human Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China.
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10
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Shen T, Zhou S, Ruan J, Chen X, Liu X, Ge X, Qian C. Recent advances on micellar catalysis in water. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 287:102299. [PMID: 33321331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Water is the universal solvent in nature to catalyze the biological transformation processes. However, owing to the immiscibility of many reagents in water, synthesis chemistry relies heavily on organic solvent. Micellar media is a green alternative to traditional petroleum feedstock derived solvents, which is recently attracting increasing research attention. The present review deals with the recent advances in micellar catalysis with an emphasis on the new "tailor-made" surfactants for various reactions. A brief overview of commercial surfactants, including anionic micelles, cationic micelles, and nonionic micelles is presented. More importantly, an attempt was made to discuss systematically the recent research progress on new surfactants by introducing structures, micellar effects and recycling process, aiming to serve as the basis for future development of surfactants.
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11
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Chen R, Berda EB. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Re-examining Single-Chain Nanoparticles. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1836-1843. [PMID: 35653673 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Single-chain nanoparticles (SCNP) are a class of polymeric nanoparticles obtained from the intramolecular cross-linking of polymers bearing reactive pendant groups. The development of SCNP has drawn tremendous attention since the fabrication of SCNP mimics the self-folding behavior in natural biomacromolecules and is highly desirable for a variety of applications ranging from catalysis, nanomedicine, nanoreactors, and sensors. The versatility of novel chemistries available for SCNP synthesis has greatly expanded over the past decade. Significant progress was also made in the understanding of a structure-property relationship in the single-chain folding process. In this Viewpoint, we discuss the effect of precursor polymer topology on single polymer folding. We summarize the progress in SCNP of complex architectures and highlight unresolved issues in the field, such as scalability and topological purity of SCNP.
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12
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Hilburg SL, Ruan Z, Xu T, Alexander-Katz A. Behavior of Protein-Inspired Synthetic Random Heteropolymers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shayna L. Hilburg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Ruan
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Tsinghua−Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alfredo Alexander-Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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13
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Knöfel ND, Rothfuss H, Tzvetkova P, Kulendran B, Barner-Kowollik C, Roesky PW. Heterobimetallic Eu(iii)/Pt(ii) single-chain nanoparticles: a path to enlighten catalytic reactions. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10331-10336. [PMID: 34094295 PMCID: PMC8162431 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03579c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce the formation and characterization of heterometallic single-chain nanoparticles entailing both catalytic and luminescent properties. A terpolymer containing two divergent ligand moieties, phosphines and phosphine oxides, is synthesized and intramolecularly folded into nanoparticles via a selective metal complexation of Pt(ii) and Eu(iii). The formation of heterometallic Eu(iii)/Pt(ii) nanoparticles is evidenced by size exclusion chromatography, multinuclear NMR (1H, 31P{1H}, 19F, 195Pt) as well as diffusion-ordered NMR and IR spectroscopy. Critically, we demonstrate the activity of the SCNPs as a homogeneous and luminescent catalytic system in the amination reaction of allyl alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai D Knöfel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Hannah Rothfuss
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Pavleta Tzvetkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Institute for Biological Interfaces 4 - Magnetic Resonance, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Bragavie Kulendran
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane Queensland 4000 Australia
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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14
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Chen J, Li K, Bonson SE, Zimmerman SC. A Bioorthogonal Small Molecule Selective Polymeric "Clickase". J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13966-13973. [PMID: 32664734 PMCID: PMC11214670 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymer scaffolds may serve as gatekeepers preventing the adhesion of biomacromolecules. Herein, we use gating to develop a copper-containing single-chain nanoparticle (SCNP) catalyst as an artificial "clickase" that operates selectively on small molecules that are able to penetrate the polymeric shell. Whereas the analogous clickase with surface ammonium groups performs highly efficient copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions on both alkynylated proteins and small molecule substrates, the new SCNP clickase with polyethylene glycol (PEG) groups is only active on small molecules. Further, the new SCNP resists uptake by cells allowing extracellular click chemistry to be performed. We describe two proof of principle applications that illustrate the utility of the bioorthogonal activity. First, the SCNP catalyst is able to screen for ligands that bind proteins, including proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC)-like molecules. Second, the nonmembrane permeable SCNP can efficiently catalyze the click reaction extracellularly, thereby enabling in situ anticancer drug synthesis and screening without the catalyst perturbing intracellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sarah E Bonson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Steven C Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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15
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Chen J, Garcia ES, Zimmerman SC. Intramolecularly Cross-Linked Polymers: From Structure to Function with Applications as Artificial Antibodies and Artificial Enzymes. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1244-1256. [PMID: 32441091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linking of polymers significantly alters their physical properties, greatly expanding their everyday utility. Indeed, the polymeric networks resulting from linkages between polymer chains are found in everyday materials from soft contact lenses and automobile tires to enamel coatings and high-performance adhesives. In contrast, intramolecularly cross-linked polymers have received far less attention until recent years, in large part because they are synthetically more challenging to prepare. In this Account, we trace our own efforts to develop the chemistry of intramolecularly cross-linked macromolecules, starting with dendrimers. Dendrimers provided an excellent starting point for investigating intramolecular cross-linking because they are single molecular entities. We showed that the end groups of dendrimers can be extensively cross-linked using the ring-closing metathesis reaction and that the discrete structure of the dendrimer provides unique opportunities for characterizing the number and location of the cross-links as well as some physical properties of the macromolecule such as its size and rigidity. Increasing the number of ring-closing metathesis reactions correlated with a reduction in size and an increase in rigidity. The general strategy applied to dendrimers was extended to star polymers and hyperbranched polyglycerols. Each of these macromolecules has a core or an initiating group from which the branches emanate. Linking the end groups or branches of these polymers presents a unique opportunity to chemically remove the core of the cross-linked macromolecule in a process that is reminiscent of that used to produce covalent molecular imprinted polymers. Recognizing this analogy, we sought a compelling application for cross-linked dendrimers, the first example of unimolecular imprinting, where a single polymer contains a single molecular imprint. The quality of the imprinting was mixed but pointed to an alternative general strategy for molecular imprinting in polymers. The effort also focused attention on synthetic antibodies and the general biomimicry provided by this class of macromolecules. Indeed, cross-linking of polymers either covalently or non-covalently bears a loose resemblance to folding of proteins into defined three-dimensional shapes. The synthesis and study of cross-linked linear polymers, often called single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs), has emerged as a very active area of research in the past few years. Our experience with the cross-linking of branched polymers combined with an interest in performing organic synthesis within living cells led us to develop copper-containing SCNPs as artificial clickases. These polymeric clickases exhibit all of the hallmarks of enzymatic catalysis. One clickase containing a polyacrylamide backbone performs low-concentration copper-assisted alkyne-azide click reactions at unprecedented rates. Another performs click reactions within living cells. Other organic transformations can be performed intracellularly, and some of the most advanced SCNPs engage in concurrent and tandem catalysis with a naturally occurring biocatalyst. By tracing our own efforts, this Account provides a few entry points into the broader literature and also points to both the remaining challenges and overall promising future envisioned for this unique class of functional macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Edzna S. Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Steven C. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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16
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Chen J, Li K, Shon JSL, Zimmerman SC. Single-Chain Nanoparticle Delivers a Partner Enzyme for Concurrent and Tandem Catalysis in Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4565-4569. [PMID: 32100539 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Combining synthetic chemistry and biocatalysis is a promising but underexplored approach to intracellular catalysis. We report a strategy to codeliver a single-chain nanoparticle (SCNP) catalyst and an exogenous enzyme into cells for performing bioorthogonal reactions. The nanoparticle and enzyme reside in endosomes, creating engineered artificial organelles that manufacture organic compounds intracellularly. This system operates in both concurrent and tandem reaction modes to generate fluorophores or bioactive agents. The combination of SCNP and enzymatic catalysts provides a versatile tool for intracellular organic synthesis with applications in chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ji Seon Lucy Shon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Steven C Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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17
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Ślęczkowski ML, Segers I, Liu Y, Palmans ARA. Sequence-defined l-glutamamide oligomers with pendant supramolecular motifs via iterative synthesis and orthogonal post-functionalization. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01157f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the great challenges in polymer chemistry is to achieve discrete and sequence-defined synthetic polymers that fold in defined conformations and form well-defined three-dimensional structured particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin L. Ślęczkowski
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry
| | - Ian Segers
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Yiliu Liu
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry
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18
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Li X, Li J, Hao S, Han A, Yang Y, Luo X, Fang G, Liu J, Wang S. Enzyme mimics based on self-assembled peptides for di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate degradation. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:9601-9609. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01931c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme mimics inspired by serine proteases are developed through self-assembled peptides to degrade di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- P. R. China
| | - Jianpeng Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Ji’nan
- P. R. China
| | - Sijia Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- P. R. China
| | - Ailing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- P. R. China
| | - Yayu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- P. R. China
| | - Guozhen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- P. R. China
| | - Jifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- P. R. China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
- P. R. China
- Research Center of Food Science and Human Health
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19
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Kröger APP, Paats JWD, Boonen RJEA, Hamelmann NM, Paulusse JMJ. Pentafluorophenyl-based single-chain polymer nanoparticles as a versatile platform towards protein mimicry. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00922a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pentafluorophenyl-single chain polymer nanoparticles are readily conjugated with functional amines enabling facile SCNP modification, adjustment of physicochemical properties, and even protein mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Pia P. Kröger
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
| | - Jan-Willem D. Paats
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
| | - Roy J. E. A. Boonen
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
| | - Naomi M. Hamelmann
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
| | - Jos M. J. Paulusse
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- 7500 AE Enschede
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20
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Hoshino Y, Shimohara S, Wada Y, Nakamoto M, Miura Y. Affinity purification of multifunctional oligomeric ligands synthesizedviacontrolled radical polymerization. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5597-5601. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00849d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic oligomeric ligands with a strong affinity for a target peptide sequence were isolated by affinity purification from a pool of 30-mer acrylic random ter-oligomers that were synthesizedviaa controlled radical polymerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hoshino
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Shimohara
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
| | - Yusuke Wada
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakamoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
| | - Yoshiko Miura
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
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21
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Milbeo P, Simon M, Didierjean C, Wenger E, Aubert E, Martinez J, Amblard M, Calmès M, Legrand B. A bicyclic unit reversal to stabilize the 12/14-helix in mixed homochiral oligoureas. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7921-7924. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02902e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of highly constrained building blocks into oligoureas: a simple bicycle reversal leads to tunable 12/14-helices formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Milbeo
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- IBMM
- University of Montpellier
- ENSCM
- CNRS
| | - Matthieu Simon
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- IBMM
- University of Montpellier
- ENSCM
- CNRS
| | | | | | | | - Jean Martinez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- IBMM
- University of Montpellier
- ENSCM
- CNRS
| | - Muriel Amblard
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- IBMM
- University of Montpellier
- ENSCM
- CNRS
| | - Monique Calmès
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- IBMM
- University of Montpellier
- ENSCM
- CNRS
| | - Baptiste Legrand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron
- IBMM
- University of Montpellier
- ENSCM
- CNRS
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22
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Upadhya R, Murthy NS, Hoop CL, Kosuri S, Nanda V, Kohn J, Baum J, Gormley AJ. PET-RAFT and SAXS: High Throughput Tools to Study Compactness and Flexibility of Single-Chain Polymer Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2019; 52:8295-8304. [PMID: 33814613 PMCID: PMC8018520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
From protein science, it is well understood that ordered folding and 3D structure mainly arises from balanced and noncovalent polar and nonpolar interactions, such as hydrogen bonding. Similarly, it is understood that single-chain polymer nanoparticles (SCNPs) will also compact and become more rigid with greater hydrophobicity and intrachain hydrogen bonding. Here, we couple high throughput photoinduced electron/energy transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization with high throughput small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to characterize a large combinatorial library (>450) of several homopolymers, random heteropolymers, block copolymers, PEG-conjugated polymers, and other polymer-functionalized polymers. Coupling these two high throughput tools enables us to study the major influence(s) for compactness and flexibility in higher breadth than ever before possible. Not surprisingly, we found that many were either highly disordered in solution, in the case of a highly hydrophilic polymer, or insoluble if too hydrophobic. Remarkably, we also found a small group (9/457) of PEG-functionalized random heteropolymers and block copolymers that exhibited compactness and flexibility similar to that of bovine serum albumin (BSA) by dynamic light scattering (DLS), NMR, and SAXS. In general, we found that describing a rough association between compactness and flexibility parameters (R g /R h and Porod Exponent, respectively) with logP, a quantity that describes hydrophobicity, helps to demonstrate and predict material parameters that lead to SCNPs with greater compactness, rigidity, and stability. Future implementation of this combinatorial and high throughput approach for characterizing SCNPs will allow for the creation of detailed design parameters for well-defined macromolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Upadhya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - N. Sanjeeva Murthy
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Cody L. Hoop
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Shashank Kosuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Vikas Nanda
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Joachim Kohn
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jean Baum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Adam J. Gormley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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23
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Ahn SH, Grate JW. Foldamer Architectures of Triazine-Based Sequence-Defined Polymers Investigated with Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Enhanced Sampling Methods. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:9364-9377. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surl-Hee Ahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jay W. Grate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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24
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Wang J, Little H, Duhamel J, Li X, Markandeya N, Maurizot V, Huc I. Application of Time-Resolved Fluorescence Anisotropy To Probe Quinoline-Based Foldamers Labeled with Oligo(phenylene vinylene). Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Wang
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hunter Little
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jean Duhamel
- Institute for Polymer Research, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xuesong Li
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN (UMR 5248), Institut Europeen de Chimie Biologie, 2 Rue Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Nagula Markandeya
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN (UMR 5248), Institut Europeen de Chimie Biologie, 2 Rue Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Victor Maurizot
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN (UMR 5248), Institut Europeen de Chimie Biologie, 2 Rue Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Ivan Huc
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN (UMR 5248), Institut Europeen de Chimie Biologie, 2 Rue Escarpit, 33600 Pessac, France
- Department Pharmazie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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25
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Esmaeilzadeh P, Groth T. Switchable and Obedient Interfacial Properties That Grant New Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:25637-25653. [PMID: 31283160 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Toward imitating the natural smartness and responsivity of biological systems, surface interfacial properties are considered to be responsive and tunable if they show a reactive behavior to an environmental stimulus. This is still quite different from many contemporary biomaterials that lack responsiveness to interact with blood and different body tissues in a physiological manner. Meanwhile it is possible to even go one step further from responsiveness to dual-mode switchability and explore "switchable" or "reversible" responses of synthetic materials. We understand "switchable biomaterials" as materials undergoing a stepwise, structural transformation coupled with considerable changes of interfacial and other surface properties as a response to a stimulus. Therewith, a survey on stimuli-induced dynamic changes of charge, wettability, stiffness, topography, porosity, and thickness/swelling is presented here, as potentially powerful new technologies especially for future biomaterial development. Since living cells constantly sense their environment through a variety of surface receptors and other mechanisms, these obedient interfacial properties were particularly discussed regarding their advantageous multifunctionality for protein adsorption and cell adhesion signaling, which may alter in time and with environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Esmaeilzadeh
- Biomedical Materials Group, Institute of Pharmacy , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Heinrich Damerow Strasse 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center of Material Science , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Heinrich Damerow Strasse 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Biomedical Materials Group, Institute of Pharmacy , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Heinrich Damerow Strasse 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center of Material Science , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , Heinrich Damerow Strasse 4 , 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center of Applied Sciences , Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg , 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
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26
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Nowalk JA, Swisher JH, Meyer TY. Influence of Short-Range Scrambling of Monomer Order on the Hydrolysis Behaviors of Sequenced Degradable Polyesters. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Nowalk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jordan H. Swisher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Tara Y. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
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27
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Chen J, Wang J, Li K, Wang Y, Gruebele M, Ferguson AL, Zimmerman SC. Polymeric "Clickase" Accelerates the Copper Click Reaction of Small Molecules, Proteins, and Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9693-9700. [PMID: 31124359 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent work has shown that polymeric catalysts can mimic some of the remarkable features of metalloenzymes by binding substrates in proximity to a bound metal center. We report here an unexpected role for the polymer: multivalent, reversible, and adaptive binding to protein surfaces allowing for accelerated catalytic modification of proteins. The catalysts studied are a group of copper-containing single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (CuI-SCNP) that exhibit enzyme-like catalysis of the copper-mediated azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. The CuI-SCNP use a previously observed "uptake mode", binding small-molecule alkynes and azides inside a water-soluble amphiphilic polymer and proximal to copper catalytic sites, but with unprecedented rates. Remarkably, a combined experimental and computational study shows that the same CuI-SCNP perform a more efficient click reaction on modified protein surfaces and cell surface glycans than do small-molecule catalysts. The catalysis occurs through an "attach mode" where the SCNPs reversibly bind protein surfaces through multiple hydrophobic and electrostatic contacts. The results more broadly point to a wider capability for polymeric catalysts as artificial metalloenzymes, especially as it relates to bioapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew L Ferguson
- Institute for Molecular Engineering , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
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28
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Nowalk JA, Fang C, Short AL, Weiss RM, Swisher JH, Liu P, Meyer TY. Sequence-Controlled Polymers Through Entropy-Driven Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization: Theory, Molecular Weight Control, and Monomer Design. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5741-5752. [PMID: 30714723 PMCID: PMC6685222 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The bulk properties of a copolymer are directly affected by monomer sequence, yet efficient, scalable, and controllable syntheses of sequenced copolymers remain a defining challenge in polymer science. We have previously demonstrated, using polymers prepared by a step-growth synthesis, that hydrolytic degradation of poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid)s is dramatically affected by sequence. While much was learned, the step-growth mechanism gave no molecular weight control, unpredictable yields, and meager scalability. Herein, we describe the synthesis of closely related sequenced polyesters prepared by entropy-driven ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ED-ROMP) of strainless macromonomers with imbedded monomer sequences of lactic, glycolic, 6-hydroxy hexanoic, and syringic acids. The incorporation of ethylene glycol and metathesis linkers facilitated synthesis and provided the olefin functionality needed for ED-ROMP. Ring-closing to prepare the cyclic macromonomers was demonstrated using both ring-closing metathesis and macrolactonization reactions. Polymerization produced macromolecules with controlled molecular weights on a multigram scale. To further enhance molecular weight control, the macromonomers were prepared with cis-olefins in the metathesis-active segment. Under these selectivity-enhanced (SEED-ROMP) conditions, first-order kinetics and narrow dispersities were observed and the effect of catalyst initiation rate on the polymerization was investigated. Enhanced living character was further demonstrated through the preparation of block copolymers. Computational analysis suggested that the enhanced polymerization kinetics were due to the cis-macrocyclic olefin being less flexible and having a larger population of metathesis-reactive conformers. Although used for polyesters in this investigation, SEED-ROMP represents a general method for incorporation of sequenced segments into molecular weight-controlled polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Nowalk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Cheng Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Computational Modeling & Simulation Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260
| | - Amy L. Short
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ryan M. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jordan H. Swisher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Tara Yvonne Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15219, United States
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29
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Carvalho TO, Carvalho PHPR, Correa JR, Guido BC, Medeiros GA, Eberlin MN, Coelho SE, Domingos JB, Neto BAD. Palladium Catalyst with Task-Specific Ionic Liquid Ligands: Intracellular Reactions and Mitochondrial Imaging with Benzothiadiazole Derivatives. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5118-5128. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago O. Carvalho
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Pedro H. P. R. Carvalho
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Jose R. Correa
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Bruna C. Guido
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Gisele A. Medeiros
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
| | - Marcos N. Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Schoool of Engeneering, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, São Paulo 01302-907, Brazil
| | - Sara E. Coelho
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Catalysis (LaCBio), Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Josiel B. Domingos
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Catalysis (LaCBio), Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Brenno A. D. Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal 70904-970, Brazil
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30
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Nitsche T, Steinkoenig J, De Bruycker K, Bloesser FR, Blanksby SJ, Blinco JP, Barner-Kowollik C. Mapping the Compaction of Discrete Polymer Chains by Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Steinkoenig
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Center of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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31
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Assessing structure/property relationships and synthetic protocols in the fabrication of poly(oxanorbornene imide) single-chain nanoparticles. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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32
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Nagao M, Hoshino Y, Miura Y. Quantitative preparation of multiblock glycopolymers bearing glycounits at the terminal segments by aqueous reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of acrylamide monomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Nagao
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yu Hoshino
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshiko Miura
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku; Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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33
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Frisch H, Bloesser FR, Barner‐Kowollik C. Controlling Chain Coupling and Single‐Chain Ligation by Two Colours of Visible Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3604-3609. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Fabian R. Bloesser
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Macromolecular Architectures Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 18 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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34
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Frisch H, Bloesser FR, Barner‐Kowollik C. Kontrolle über Kettenvernetzung und Einzelkettenverknüpfung durch zwei Farben des sichtbaren Lichts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australien
| | - Fabian R. Bloesser
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australien
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australien
- Macromolecular Architectures Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
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35
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Knöfel ND, Rothfuss H, Barner-Kowollik C, Roesky PW. M24+ paddlewheel clusters as junction points in single-chain nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01486h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward approach to incorporate copper and molybdenum dimetallic clusters into well-defined single-chain nanoparticles, featuring unique paddlewheel structures as junction points, is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai D. Knöfel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Hannah Rothfuss
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
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36
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Offenloch JT, Blasco E, Bastian S, Barner-Kowollik C, Mutlu H. Self-reporting visible light-induced polymer chain collapse. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00834a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a facile photoinduced self-reporting crosslinking methodology for the compaction of polymer chains in highly diluted solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janin T. Offenloch
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polmerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Eva Blasco
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polmerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Simon Bastian
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polmerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polmerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Hatice Mutlu
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polmerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
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37
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Nowalk JA, Swisher JH, Meyer TY. Consequences of isolated critical monomer sequence errors for the hydrolysis behaviors of sequenced degradable polyesters. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00891h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the known sensitivity to sequence mutations of biological polymers, little is known about the effects of errors in sequenced synthetic copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. Nowalk
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | | | - Tara Y. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine
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38
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Swisher JH, Nowalk JA, Meyer TY. Property impact of common linker segments in sequence-controlled polyesters. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01443d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Linker segments in sequence controlled polyester backbones significantly affect thermal, mechanical and degradation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamie A. Nowalk
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Tara Y. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
- McGowan Center for Regenerative Medicine
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39
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Rothfuss H, Knöfel ND, Tzvetkova P, Michenfelder NC, Baraban S, Unterreiner AN, Roesky PW, Barner-Kowollik C. Phenanthroline-A Versatile Ligand for Advanced Functional Polymeric Materials. Chemistry 2018; 24:17475-17486. [PMID: 30159925 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The controlled incorporation of phenanthroline moieties into polymers is introduced, demonstrating their application as metal-ion complexing ligands for the construction of advanced macromolecular structures. Specifically, two phenanthroline-containing monomers based on acrylate and styrene functionalities, were synthesized. Each monomer was readily copolymerized with either N,N-dimethylacrylamide or styrene via nitroxide-mediated polymerization, resulting in narrowly distributed polar or non-polar copolymers. To demonstrate the versatility of the established polymer systems, the polar polymer was employed for transition metal induced single-chain nanoparticle formation, verified by diffusion-ordered NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Furthermore, the non-polar polymer allows facile incorporation of lanthanide ions, creating luminescent metallo-polymers, in-depth characterized by advanced photophysical experiments and 2D NMR measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Rothfuss
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Nicolai D Knöfel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Pavleta Tzvetkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Institute for Biological Interfaces 4-Magnetic Resonance, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nadine C Michenfelder
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sergej Baraban
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas-Neil Unterreiner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
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40
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Nothling MD, Xiao Z, Bhaskaran A, Blyth MT, Bennett CW, Coote ML, Connal LA. Synthetic Catalysts Inspired by Hydrolytic Enzymes. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell D. Nothling
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Zeyun Xiao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, P. R. China
| | - Ayana Bhaskaran
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Mitchell T. Blyth
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Christopher W. Bennett
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Luke A. Connal
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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41
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Serrano-Luginbühl S, Ruiz-Mirazo K, Ostaszewski R, Gallou F, Walde P. Soft and dispersed interface-rich aqueous systems that promote and guide chemical reactions. Nat Rev Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-018-0042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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42
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Rodriguez KJ, Gajewska B, Pollard J, Pellizzoni MM, Fodor C, Bruns N. Repurposing Biocatalysts to Control Radical Polymerizations. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1111-1119. [PMID: 35632946 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (controlled radical polymerizations) have revolutionized and revitalized the field of polymer synthesis. While enzymes and other biologically derived catalysts have long been known to initiate free radical polymerizations, the ability of peroxidases, hemoglobin, laccases, enzyme-mimetics, chlorophylls, heme, red blood cells, bacteria, and other biocatalysts to control or initiate reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations has only been described recently. Here, the scope of biocatalytic atom transfer radical polymerizations (bioATRP), enzyme-initiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer radical polymerizations (bioRAFT), biocatalytic organometallic-mediated radical polymerizations (bioOMRP), and biocatalytic reversible complexation mediated polymerizations (bioRCMP) is critically reviewed, and the potential of these reactions for the environmentally friendly synthesis of precision polymers, for the preparation of functional nanostructures, for the modification of surfaces, and for biosensing is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Rodriguez
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bernadetta Gajewska
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Pollard
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michela M. Pellizzoni
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Fodor
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nico Bruns
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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43
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de Rochambeau D, Sun Y, Barlog M, Bazzi HS, Sleiman HF. Modular Strategy To Expand the Chemical Diversity of DNA and Sequence-Controlled Polymers. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9774-9786. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donatien de Rochambeau
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Yuanye Sun
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Maciej Barlog
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassan S. Bazzi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hanadi F. Sleiman
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
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44
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Kröger APP, Paulusse JMJ. Single-chain polymer nanoparticles in controlled drug delivery and targeted imaging. J Control Release 2018; 286:326-347. [PMID: 30077737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As a relatively new class of materials, single-chain polymer nanoparticles (SCNPs) just entered the field of (biomedical) applications, with recent advances in polymer science enabling the formation of bio-inspired nanosized architectures. Exclusive intramolecular collapse of individual polymer chains results in individual nanoparticles. With sizes an order of magnitude smaller than conventional polymer nanoparticles, SCNPs are in the size regime of many proteins and viruses (1-20 nm). Multifaceted syntheses and design strategies give access to a wide set of highly modular SCNP materials. This review describes how SCNPs have been rendered water-soluble and highlights ongoing research efforts towards biocompatible SCNPs with tunable properties for controlled drug delivery, targeted imaging and protein mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pia P Kröger
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jos M J Paulusse
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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45
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Short AL, Fang C, Nowalk JA, Weiss RM, Liu P, Meyer TY. Cis-Selective Metathesis to Enhance the Living Character of Ring-Opening Polymerization: An Approach to Sequenced Copolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:858-862. [PMID: 35650760 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolytic behavior and physical properties of a polymer are directly related to its constituent monomer sequence, yet the scalable and controllable synthesis of sequenced copolymers remains scarcely realized. To address this need, an enhanced version of entropy-driven ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ED-ROMP) has been developed. An unprecedented level of control is obtained by exploiting the kinetic and thermodynamic differences in the metathesis activity of cis- and trans-olefins embedded in large, unstrained macrocycles. First-order rate kinetics were observed, and polymer molecular weights were found to be proportional to catalyst loading. Computational analysis suggests that incorporation of a cis-olefin into the monomer backbone both introduces a thermodynamic driving force and increases the population of metathesis-active conformers. This approach offers a generally applicable method for enhancing living character in ED-ROMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Short
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Cheng Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Computational Modeling & Simulation Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Jamie A. Nowalk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ryan M. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Tara Y. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
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46
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Cui Z, Huang L, Ding Y, Zhu X, Lu X, Cai Y. Compartmentalization and Unidirectional Cross-Domain Molecule Shuttling of Organometallic Single-Chain Nanoparticles. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:572-575. [PMID: 35632933 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Compartmentalization and unidirectional cross-domain molecule shuttling are omnipresent in proteins, and play key roles in molecular recognition, enzymatic reaction, and other living functions. Nanomachinery design emulating these biological functions is being considered as one of the most ambitious and challenging tasks in modern chemistry and nanoscience. Here, we present a biomimetic nanomachinery design using single-chain technology. Stepwise complex of the outer blocks of water-soluble linear ABC triblock terpolymer to copper ions yields dumbbell-shaped single-chain nanoparticle. A novel nanomachine capable of compartmentalization and unidirectional cross-domain molecule shuttling has been achieved upon ascorbic acid reduction, leading to synergistically donating/accepting copper centers between discrete double heads, overall dumbbell-to-tadpole configurational transition, and intake of oxidized ascorbic acid into reconstructed head. Subsequent air oxidation results in the inverse molecule shuttling and configurational transition processes. This is the first demonstration of biomimetic nanomachinery design that is capable of compartmentalization and unidirectional cross-domain molecule shuttling, exemplified simply using a new single-chain technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Cui
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Leilei Huang
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi Ding
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xuechao Zhu
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xinhua Lu
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuanli Cai
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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47
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Rothfuss H, Knöfel ND, Roesky PW, Barner-Kowollik C. Single-Chain Nanoparticles as Catalytic Nanoreactors. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5875-5881. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Rothfuss
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institut of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nicolai D. Knöfel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institut of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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48
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Ji X, Zhang Y, Zhao H. Amphiphilic Janus Twin Single-Chain Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2018; 24:3005-3012. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Ji
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Nankai University; P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300130 P. R. China
| | - Hanying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Nankai University; P. R. China
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49
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Abstract
Synthetic peptide-based polymers can fold into different secondary structures in the same way as do proteins. This review article presents how tuning the polypeptide secondary structure could be a key step to modulate various properties in advanced polymeric materials (size, rigidity, self-assembly,etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Bonduelle
- CNRS
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (UPR8241))
- F-31077 Toulouse
- France
- Université de Toulouse
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Monomer sequence in PLGA microparticles: Effects on acidic microclimates and in vivo inflammatory response. Acta Biomater 2018; 65:259-271. [PMID: 29101019 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the backbone architecture of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)s (PLGAs) is demonstrated to have a strong influence on the production and release of acidic degradation by-products in microparticle matrices. Previous efforts for controlling the internal and external accumulation of acidity for PLGA microparticles have focused on the addition of excipients including neutralization and anti-inflammatory agents. In this report, we utilize a sequence-control strategy to tailor the microstructure of PLGA. The internal acidic microclimate distributions within sequence-defined and random PLGA microparticles were monitored in vitro using a non-invasive ratiometric two-photon microscopy (TPM) methodology. Sequence-defined PLGAs were found to have minimal changes in pH distribution and lower amounts of percolating acidic by-products. A parallel scanning electron microscopy study further linked external morphological events to internal degradation-induced structural changes. The properties of the sequenced and random copolymers characterized in vitro translated to differences in in vivo behavior. The sequence alternating copolymer, poly LG, had lower granulomatous foreign-body reactions compared to random racemic PLGA with a 50:50 ratio of lactic to glycolic acid. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This paper demonstrates that changing the monomer sequence in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)s (PLGAs) leads to dramatic differences in the rate of degradation and the internal acidic microclimate of microparticles degrading in vitro. We note that the acidic microclimates within these particles were imaged for the first time with two-photon microscopy, which gives an extremely clear and detailed picture of the degradation process. Importantly, we also document that the observed sequence-controlled in vitro processes translate into differences in the in vivo behavior of polymers which have the same L to G composition but differing microstructures. These data, placed in the context of our prior studies on swelling, erosion, and MW loss (Biomaterials2017, 117, 66 and other references cited within the manuscript), provide significant insight not only about sequence effects in PLGAs but into the underlying mechanisms of PLGA degradation in general.
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