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Jothi Nayaki S, Roja A, Ravindhiran R, Sivarajan K, Arunachalam M, Dhandapani K. Pillar[ n]arenes in the Fight against Biofilms: Current Developments and Future Perspectives. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1080-1096. [PMID: 38546344 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The global surge in bacterial infections, compounded by the alarming escalation of drug-resistant strains, has evolved into a critical public health crisis. Among the challenges posed, biofilms stand out due to their formidable resistance to conventional antibiotics. This review delves into the burgeoning potential of pillar[n]arenes, distinctive macrocyclic host molecules, as promising anti-biofilm agents. The review is structured into two main sections, each dedicated to exploring distinct facets of pillar[n]arene applications. The first section scrutinizes functionalized pillar[n]arenes with a particular emphasis on cationic derivatives. This analysis reveals their significant efficacy in inhibiting biofilm formation, underscoring the pivotal role of specific chemical attributes in combating microbial communities. The second section of the review shifts its focus to inclusion complexes, elucidating how pillar[n]arenes serve as encapsulation platforms for antibiotics. This encapsulation enhances the stability of antibiotics and enables a controlled release, thereby amplifying their antibacterial activity. The examination of inclusion complexes provides valuable insights into the potential synergy between pillar[n]arenes and traditional antibiotics, offering a novel avenue for overcoming biofilm resistance. This comprehensive review highlights the escalating global threat of bacterial infections and the urgent need for innovative strategies to counteract drug-resistant biofilms. The unique properties of pillar[n]arenes, both as functionalized molecules and as inclusion complex hosts, position them as promising candidates in the quest for effective anti-biofilm agents. The exploration of their distinct mechanisms opens new avenues for research and development in the ongoing battle against bacterial infections and biofilm-related health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekar Jothi Nayaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 043, India
| | - Arivazhagan Roja
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Dindigul, Tamil Nadu 624 302, India
| | - Ramya Ravindhiran
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 043, India
| | - Karthiga Sivarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 043, India
| | - Murugan Arunachalam
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Dindigul, Tamil Nadu 624 302, India
| | - Kavitha Dhandapani
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 043, India
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JothiNayaki S, Ramya R, Srividhya S, Kiruthika J, Ramya K, Karthiga S, Arunachalam M, Kavitha D. Antibacterial potentials of pillar[5]arene, pillar[4]arene[1]quinone derivative and their isatin inclusion complexes. Supramol Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2023.2173072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sekar JothiNayaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ravindhiran Ramya
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sankar Srividhya
- Department of Chemistry, the Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to Be University), Dindigul, India
| | - Jeyavelraman Kiruthika
- Department of Chemistry, the Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to Be University), Dindigul, India
| | - Krishnamurthy Ramya
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sivarajan Karthiga
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India
| | - Murugan Arunachalam
- Department of Chemistry, the Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to Be University), Dindigul, India
| | - Dhandapani Kavitha
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India
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Li Z, Shen Z, Pei Y, Chao S, Pei Z. Covalently bridged pillararene-based polymers: structures, synthesis, and applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:989-1005. [PMID: 36621829 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05594e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Covalently bridged pillararene-based polymers (CBPPs) are a special class of macrocycle-based polymers in which multiple pillararene monomers are attached to the polymer structures by covalent bonds. Owing to the unique molecular structures including the connection components or the spatial structures, CBPPs have become increasingly popular in applications ranging from environmental science to biomedical science. In this review, CBPPs are divided into three types (linear polymers, grafted polymers, and cross-linked polymers) according to their structural characteristics and described from the perspective of synthesis methods comprehensively. In addition, the applications of CBPPs are presented, including selective adsorption and separation, fluorescence sensing and detection, construction of supramolecular gels, anticancer drug delivery, artificial light-harvesting, catalysis, and others. Finally, the current challenging issues and comprehensive prospects of CBPPs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghuan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Ziyan Shen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Yuxin Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang Chao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China. .,College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China. .,College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Kiruthika J, Arunachalam M. Pillar[5]arene-based cross-linked polymer for the rapid adsorption of iodine from water and vapor phases. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Enhancing Mechanical Performance of a Polymer Material by Incorporating Pillar[5]arene-Based Host–Guest Interactions. Gels 2022; 8:gels8080475. [PMID: 36005076 PMCID: PMC9407059 DOI: 10.3390/gels8080475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer gels have been widely used in the field for tissue engineering, sensing, and drug delivery due to their excellent biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and degradability. However, common polymer gels are easily deformed on account of their relatively weak mechanical properties, thereby hindering their application fields, as well as shortening their service life. The incorporation of reversible non-covalent bonds is capable of improving the mechanical properties of polymer gels. Thus, here, a poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer network was prepared by introducing host–guest interactions between pillar[5]arene and pyridine cation. Owing to the incorporated host–guest interactions, the modified polymer gels exhibited extraordinary mechanical properties according to the results of the tensile tests. In addition, the influence of the host–guest interaction on the mechanical properties of the gels was also proved by rheological experiments and swelling experiments.
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Kato K, Fa S, Ohtani S, Shi TH, Brouwer AM, Ogoshi T. Noncovalently bound and mechanically interlocked systems using pillar[ n]arenes. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3648-3687. [PMID: 35445234 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00169a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pillar[n]arenes are pillar-shaped macrocyclic compounds owing to the methylene bridges linking the para-positions of the units. Owing to their unique pillar-shaped structures, these compounds exhibit various excellent properties compared with other cyclic host molecules, such as versatile functionality using various organic synthesis techniques, substituent-dependent solubility, cavity-size-dependent host-guest properties in organic media, and unit rotation along with planar chiral inversion. These advantages have enabled the high-yield synthesis and rational design of pillar[n]arene-based mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs). In particular, new types of pillar[n]arene-based MIMs that can dynamically convert between interlocked and unlocked states through unit rotation have been produced. The highly symmetrical pillar-shaped structures of pillar[n]arenes result in simple NMR spectra, which are useful for studying the motion of pillar[n]arene wheels in MIMs and creating sophisticated MIMs with higher-order structures. The creation and application of polymeric MIMs based on pillar[n]arenes is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Shixin Fa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Tan-Hao Shi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Albert M Brouwer
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94157, 1090 GD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan. .,WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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Kiruthika J, Boominathan M, Srividhya S, Ajitha V, Arunachalam M. Pillar[4]arene[1]quinone-based pseudo[3]rotaxanes by cooperative Host-Guest binding. Supramol Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2021.2025241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeyavelraman Kiruthika
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to Be University), Dindigul, India
| | - Muniyappan Boominathan
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to Be University), Dindigul, India
| | - Sankar Srividhya
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to Be University), Dindigul, India
| | - Veeramani Ajitha
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to Be University), Dindigul, India
| | - Murugan Arunachalam
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to Be University), Dindigul, India
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Wu Y, Qin H, Shen J, Li H, Shan X, Xie M, Liao X. Pillararene-containing polymers with tunable fluorescence properties based on host-guest interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:581-584. [PMID: 34918016 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05962a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Linear polymers containing pillar[5]arenes as the pendant groups were designed and synthesized via a ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Such polymers could form supramolecular brush polymers and exhibited tunable fluorescence properties based on the host-guest interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China.
| | - Hongyu Qin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Shen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China.
| | - Hequn Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaotao Shan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China.
| | - Meiran Xie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaojuan Liao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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Kiruthika J, Srividhya S, Arunachalam M. Anion-Responsive Pseudo[3]rotaxane from a Difunctionalized Pillar[4]arene[1]quinone and a Bis-Imidazolium Cation. Org Lett 2020; 22:7831-7836. [PMID: 33006282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of a new functionalized pillar[4]arene[1]quinone and its host-guest complexation with a bis-imidazolium dication was demonstrated. 1D/2D NMR spectroscopic analyses and high-resolution mass spectrometric analyses showed the formation of the pseudo[3]rotaxane assembly upon host-guest complexation. 1H NMR titration experiments revealed the role of hydrogen bonding motifs in bringing positive cooperativity by comparing the binding constants for the host-guest complexation of pillar[4]arene[1]quinone with a bis-imidazolium guest. Anion-responsiveness of the pseudo[3]rotaxane assembly was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyavelraman Kiruthika
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu, India 624 302
| | - Sankar Srividhya
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu, India 624 302
| | - Murugan Arunachalam
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Gandhigram, Tamil Nadu, India 624 302
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Xia D, Wang P, Ji X, Khashab NM, Sessler JL, Huang F. Functional Supramolecular Polymeric Networks: The Marriage of Covalent Polymers and Macrocycle-Based Host–Guest Interactions. Chem Rev 2020; 120:6070-6123. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Xia
- Scientific Instrument Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Pi Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofan Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Niveen M. Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials (SHMS) Laboratory, Chemical Science Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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Wu Y, Li H, Yan Y, Shan X, Zhao M, Zhao Q, Liao X, Xie M. Pillararene-Containing Polymers with Tunable Conductivity Based on Host-Guest Complexations. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1588-1593. [PMID: 35619394 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Regulating the conductivity of conducting polymers has spurred increasing studies, aiming at meeting different demands in various fields, including chemosensors, photovoltaic cells, and so on. Herein, linear pillar[5]arene-containing conjugated polymers were designed and synthesized via metathesis cyclopolymerization of pillar[5]arene-functionalized 1,6-heptadiyne. Upon addition of an ionic guest, such polymers could form inclusion complexes, of which the glass transition temperature decreased dramatically. With the aid of ionic guest and host-guest complexations between the pendant pillararenes and guest, these supramolecular materials exhibited tunable conductivity from 10-12 to 10-3 S·cm-1 at 30 °C. In addition, compared with the polymers without pendant pillar[5]arenes, such polymers showed better compatibility with the ionic guest, which could prevent the leakage of the latter one and was good for the conductivity of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yiqing Yan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaotao Shan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qiuhua Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Meiran Xie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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