1
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Hofmann D, Sychev D, Zagradska-Paromova Z, Bittrich E, Auernhammer GK, Gaitzsch J. Surface Topology of Redox- and Thermoresponsive Nanogel Droplets. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2400049. [PMID: 38685191 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels are usually depicted as a homogenous polymer block with a distinct surface. While defects in the polymer structure are looked into frequently, structural irregularities on the hydrogel surface are often neglected. In this work, thin hydrogel layers of ≈100 nm thickness (nanogels) are synthesized and characterized for their structural irregularities, as they represent the surface of macrogels. The nanogels contain a main-chain responsiveness (thermo responsive) and a responsiveness in the cross-linking points (redox responsive). By combining data from ellipsometry using box-model and two-segment-model analysis, as well as atomic force microscopy, a more defined model of the nanogel surface can be developed. Starting with a more densely cross-linked network at the silica wafer surface, the density of cross-linking gradually decreases toward the hydrogel-solvent interface. Thermo-responsive behavior of the main chain affects the entire network equally as all chain segments change solubility. Cross-linker-based redox-responsiveness, on the other hand, is only governed by the inner, more cross-linked layers of the network. Such dual responsive nanogels hence allow for developing a more detailed model of a hydrogel surface from free radical polymerization. It provides a better understanding of structural defects in hydrogels and how they are affected by responsive functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Hofmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dmitrii Sychev
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Chair of Physical Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zlata Zagradska-Paromova
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eva Bittrich
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Günter K Auernhammer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Gaitzsch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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2
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Hu C, Zhou J, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Xie C, Yin W, Xie J, Li H, Xu X, Zhao L, Qin M, Li J. A structural color hydrogel for diagnosis of halitosis and screening of periodontitis. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:519-530. [PMID: 37982193 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01563g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Oral pathogens can produce volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), which is the main reason for halitosis and indicates the risk of periodontitis. High-sensitivity detection of exhaled VSCs is urgently desired for promoting the point-of-care testing (POCT) of halitosis and screening of periodontitis. However, current detection methods often require bulky and costly instruments, as well as professional training, making them impractical for widespread detection. Here, a structural color hydrogel for naked-eye detection of exhaled VSCs is presented. VSCs can reduce disulfide bonds within the network, leading to expansion of the hydrogel and thus change of the structural color. A linear detection range of 0-1 ppm with a detection limit of 61 ppb can be achieved, covering the typical VSC concentration in the breath of patients with periodontitis. Furthermore, visual and in situ monitoring of Porphyromonas gingivalis responsible for periodontitis can be realized. By integrating the hydrogels into a sensor array, the oral health conditions of patients with halitosis can be evaluated and distinguished, offering risk assessment of periodontitis. Combined with a smartphone capable of color analysis, POCT of VSCs can be achieved, providing an approach for the monitoring of halitosis and screening of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanshun Hu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jieyu Zhou
- West China School/Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Periodontics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yonghang Zhao
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chunyu Xie
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Yin
- West China School/Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Huiying Li
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- West China School/Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Periodontics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Qin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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3
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Neumann M, di Marco G, Iudin D, Viola M, van Nostrum CF, van Ravensteijn BGP, Vermonden T. Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels: The Dynamic Smart Biomaterials of Tomorrow. Macromolecules 2023; 56:8377-8392. [PMID: 38024154 PMCID: PMC10653276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, stimuli-responsive hydrogels are increasingly studied as biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine purposes. Smart hydrogels can not only replicate the physicochemical properties of the extracellular matrix but also mimic dynamic processes that are crucial for the regulation of cell behavior. Dynamic changes can be influenced by the hydrogel itself (isotropic vs anisotropic) or guided by applying localized triggers. The resulting swelling-shrinking, shape-morphing, as well as patterns have been shown to influence cell function in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. Furthermore, the use of stimuli-responsive hydrogels as bioinks in 4D bioprinting is very promising as they allow the biofabrication of complex microstructures. This perspective discusses recent cutting-edge advances as well as current challenges in the field of smart biomaterials for tissue engineering. Additionally, emerging trends and potential future directions are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Neumann
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht 3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Greta di Marco
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht 3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitrii Iudin
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht 3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Viola
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht 3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelus F. van Nostrum
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht 3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Bas G. P. van Ravensteijn
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht 3508 TB, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutics,
Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht 3508 TB, The Netherlands
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4
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Jiao C, Liubimtsev N, Zagradska-Paromova Z, Appelhans D, Gaitzsch J, Voit B. Reversible Molecular Capture and Release in Microfluidics by Host-Guest Interactions in Hydrogel Microdots. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200869. [PMID: 36702804 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The integration of microscopic hydrogels with high specific surface area and physically reactive groups into microfluidic systems for selective molecular interactions is attracting increasing attention. Herein, the reversible capture and release of molecules through host-guest interactions of hydrogel dots in a microfluidic device is reported, which translates the supramolecular chemistry to the microscale conditions under continuous flow. Polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel arrays with grafted β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) modified poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (CD-PMOXA) chains are fabricated by photopolymerization and integrated into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-on-glass chip. The β-CD/adamantane (β-CD/Ada) host-guest complex is confirmed by two dimensional Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy NMR (2D NOESY NMR) prior to transfer to microfluidics. Ada-modified molecules are successfully captured by host-guest interaction formed between the CD-PMOXA grafted chains in the hydrogel network and the guest molecule in the solution. Furthermore, the captured molecules are released by perfusing free β-CD with higher binding affinity than those grafted in the hydrogel array. A small guest molecule adamantane-fluorescein-isothiocyanate (Ada-FITC) and a macromolecular guest molecule (Ada-PMOXA-Cyanine 5 (Cy5)) are separately captured and released for three times with a release ratio up to 46% and 92%, respectively. The reproducible capture and release of functional molecules with different sizes demonstrates the stability of this hydrogel system in microfluidics and will provide an opportunity for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Organic Chemistry of Polymers, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nikolai Liubimtsev
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Organic Chemistry of Polymers, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Gaitzsch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Organic Chemistry of Polymers, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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5
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Yuan Z, Ding J, Zhang Y, Huang B, Song Z, Meng X, Ma X, Gong X, Huang Z, Ma S, Xiang S, Xu W. Components, mechanisms and applications of stimuli-responsive polymer gels. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Preparation and properties of the decomposable thermoreversible hydrogels based on novel dendritic crosslinkers derived from cystamine. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Shahi S, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Talebi S, Mardani H. Chemical stimuli-induced reversible bond cleavage in covalently crosslinked hydrogels. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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8
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Zong S, Wen H, Lv H, Li T, Tang R, Liu L, Jiang J, Wang S, Duan J. Intelligent hydrogel with both redox and thermo-response based on cellulose nanofiber for controlled drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118943. [PMID: 34973761 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop a hydrogel with temperature and redox response to control drug delivery. However, the strength of temperature sensitive N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) hydrogel is weak. Therefore, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidized cellulose nanofiber (CNF) is introduced to improve this problem. The compressive strength of hydrogels increased by 360% after CNF addition. Meanwhile, N,N'-bis(acryloyl)cystamine (BACy) is introduced into the hydrogels as a cross-linker, imparting redox responsive properties to the hydrogels. Tumor therapeutic drugs are used as model drugs for in vitro release studies. The drug release rate of hydrogel is regulated by temperature and reducing environment. The maximum cumulative release rate of doxorubicin (DOX) is 39.56%, and the Berberine (BBR) is 99.50% after 60 h. The swelling and transparency of hydrogels showed dramatic changes in the range of 30-40 °C. Cytotoxicity experiments demonstrated that the hydrogel had almost no cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zong
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hankang Wen
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Lv
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tong Li
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruilin Tang
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liujun Liu
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jiufang Duan
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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9
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Wiwatsamphan P, Chirachanchai S. Persistently Reversible pH-/Thermo-responsive Chitosan/Poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) Hydrogel through Clickable Crosslinked Interpenetrating Network. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Jiao C, Obst F, Geisler M, Che Y, Richter A, Appelhans D, Gaitzsch J, Voit B. Reversible Protein Capture and Release by Redox-Responsive Hydrogel in Microfluidics. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:267. [PMID: 35054674 PMCID: PMC8780672 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive hydrogels have a wide range of potential applications in microfluidics, which has drawn great attention. Double cross-linked hydrogels are very well suited for this application as they offer both stability and the required responsive behavior. Here, we report the integration of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAAm) hydrogel with a permanent cross-linker (N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, BIS) and a redox responsive reversible cross-linker (N,N'-bis(acryloyl)cystamine, BAC) into a microfluidic device through photopolymerization. Cleavage and re-formation of disulfide bonds introduced by BAC changed the cross-linking densities of the hydrogel dots, making them swell or shrink. Rheological measurements allowed for selecting hydrogels that withstand long-term shear forces present in microfluidic devices under continuous flow. Once implemented, the thiol-disulfide exchange allowed the hydrogel dots to successfully capture and release the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA). BSA was labeled with rhodamine B and functionalized with 2-(2-pyridyldithio)-ethylamine (PDA) to introduce disulfide bonds. The reversible capture and release of the protein reached an efficiency of 83.6% in release rate and could be repeated over 3 cycles within the microfluidic device. These results demonstrate that our redox-responsive hydrogel dots enable the dynamic capture and release of various different functionalized (macro)molecules (e.g., proteins and drugs) and have a great potential to be integrated into a lab-on-a-chip device for detection and/or delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (C.J.); (M.G.); (Y.C.); (D.A.)
- Organische Chemie der Polymere, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Obst
- Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 64, 01187 Dresden, Germany; (F.O.); (A.R.)
| | - Martin Geisler
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (C.J.); (M.G.); (Y.C.); (D.A.)
| | - Yunjiao Che
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (C.J.); (M.G.); (Y.C.); (D.A.)
| | - Andreas Richter
- Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 64, 01187 Dresden, Germany; (F.O.); (A.R.)
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (C.J.); (M.G.); (Y.C.); (D.A.)
| | - Jens Gaitzsch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (C.J.); (M.G.); (Y.C.); (D.A.)
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (C.J.); (M.G.); (Y.C.); (D.A.)
- Organische Chemie der Polymere, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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11
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Liubimtsev N, Kösterke T, Che Y, Appelhans D, Gaitzsch J, Voit B. Redox-sensitive ferrocene functionalised double cross-linked supramolecular hydrogels. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01211h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Responsive double cross-linked hydrogels have proven to be a powerful approach to create smart polymer networks but unfold even greater potential if combined with supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Liubimtsev
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Organic Chemistry of Polymers, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tom Kösterke
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Organic Chemistry of Polymers, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yunjiao Che
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Gaitzsch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Organic Chemistry of Polymers, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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12
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Gao W, Wang Z, Song F, Fu Y, Wu Q, Liu S. Temperature/Reduction Dual Response Nanogel Is Formed by In Situ Stereocomplexation of Poly (Lactic Acid). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3492. [PMID: 34685251 PMCID: PMC8540984 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel type of dual responsive nanogels was synthesized by physical crosslinking of polylactic acid stereocomplexation: temperature and reduction dual stimulation responsive gels were formed in situ by mixing equal amounts of PLA (Poly (Lactic Acid)) enantiomeric graft copolymer micellar solution; the properties of double stimulation response make it more targeted in the field of drug release. The structural composition of the gels was studied by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) instruments, the differences in morphology and particle size were analyzed (indicating that nanogels have dual stimulus responses of temperature sensitivity and reduction). The Wide-Angle X-ray diffractionr (WAXD) was used to prove the stereocomplexation of PLA in the gels, the mechanical properties and gelation process of the gels were studied by rheology test. The physically cross-linked gel network generated by the self-recombination of micelles and then stereo-complexation has a more stable structure. The results show that the micelle properties, swelling properties and rheological properties of nanogels can be changed by adjusting the degree of polymerization of polylactic acid. In addition, it provides a safe and practical new method for preparing stable temperature/reduction response physical cross-linked gel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China; (W.G.); (Z.W.); (F.S.); (Y.F.); (Q.W.)
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13
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Rodin M, Li J, Kuckling D. Dually cross-linked single networks: structures and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8147-8177. [PMID: 34059857 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01585g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linked polymers have attracted an immense attention over the years, however, there are many flaws of these systems, e.g. softness and brittleness; such materials possess non-adjustable properties and cannot recover from damage and thus are limited in their practical applications. Supramolecular chemistry offers a variety of dynamic interactions that when integrated into polymeric gels endow the systems with reversibility and responsiveness to external stimuli. A combination of different cross-links in a single gel could be the key to tackle these drawbacks, since covalent or chemical cross-linking serve to maintain the permanent shape of the material and to improve overall mechanical performance, whereas non-covalent cross-links impart dynamicity, reversibility, stimuli-responsiveness and often toughness to the material. In the present review we sought to give a comprehensive overview of the progress in design strategies of different types of dually cross-linked single gels made by researchers over the past decade as well as the successful implementations of these advances in many demanding fields where versatile multifunctional materials are required, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, self-healing and adhesive systems, sensors as well as shape memory materials and actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Rodin
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
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14
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Pei X, Fang L, Chen W, Wen X, Bai L, Ba X. Facile Fabrication of Multiresponsive Self‐Healing Hydrogels with Logic‐Gate Responses. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Pei
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Liping Fang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Weiping Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Xin Wen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Libin Bai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Xinwu Ba
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
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15
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Amir F, Li X, Gruschka MC, Colley ND, Li L, Li R, Linder HR, Sell SA, Barnes JC. Dynamic, multimodal hydrogel actuators using porphyrin-based visible light photoredox catalysis in a thermoresponsive polymer network. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10910-10920. [PMID: 34094340 PMCID: PMC8162415 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04287k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels that can respond to multiple external stimuli represent the next generation of advanced functional biomaterials. Here, a series of multimodal hydrogels were synthesized that can contract and expand reversibly over several cycles while changing their mechanical properties in response to blue and red light, as well as heat (∼50 °C). The light-responsive behavior was achieved through a photoredox-based mechanism consisting of photoinduced electron transfer from a zinc porphyrin photocatalyst in its excited state to oligoviologen-based macrocrosslinkers, both of which were integrated into the hydrogel polymer network during gel formation. Orthogonal thermoresponsive properties were also realized by introducing N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) monomer simultaneously with hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) in the pre-gel mixture to produce a statistical 60 : 40 HEA : NIPAM polymer network. The resultant hydrogel actuators - crosslinked with either a styrenated viologen dimer (2V4+-St) or hexamer (6V12+-St) - were exposed to red or blue light, or heat, for up to 5 h, and their rate of contraction, as well as the corresponding changes in their physical properties (i.e., stiffness, tensile strength, Young's modulus, etc.), were measured. The combined application of blue light and heat to the 6V12+-St-based hydrogels was also demonstrated, resulting in hydrogels with more than two-fold faster contraction kinetics and dramatically enhanced mechanical robustness when fully contracted. We envision that the reported materials and the corresponding methods of remotely manipulating the dynamic hydrogels may serve as a useful blueprint for future adaptive materials used in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Amir
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University One Brookings Drive St. Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University One Brookings Drive St. Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Max C Gruschka
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University One Brookings Drive St. Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Nathan D Colley
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University One Brookings Drive St. Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University One Brookings Drive St. Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Ruihan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University One Brookings Drive St. Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Houston R Linder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University St. Louis MO 63103 USA
| | - Scott A Sell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saint Louis University St. Louis MO 63103 USA
| | - Jonathan C Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University One Brookings Drive St. Louis MO 63130 USA
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16
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Che Y, Gaitzsch J, Liubimtsev N, Zschoche S, Bauer T, Appelhans D, Voit B. Double cross-linked supramolecular hydrogels with tunable properties based on host-guest interactions. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:6733-6742. [PMID: 32588870 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00833h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel double cross-linked hydrogel system based on polyacrylamide and poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMOXA) network chains, as well as on supramolecular host-guest interactions with on-demand tailored mechanical properties. Well-defined vinyl-bearing PMOXA macromonomers, functionalized with either β-cyclodextrin units (β-CD-PMOXA) or adamantane units (Ada-PMOXA), were synthesized and confirmed using 1H NMR, MALDI-TOF-MS and GPC measurements. The complexation between adamantane and β-CD modified macromonomers in solution towards bismacromonomers was confirmed by 2D NOESY NMR and DLS. After introducing these bismacromonomers into the polyacrylamide hydrogel, the supramolecular non-covalent Ada/β-CD bond was responsible for the presence of PMOXA network chains to form a dense network. Once the interactions broke, the PMOXA chains no longer contributed to the network, but became dangling graft side chains in a predominated polyacrylamide network. Their dissociative nature influenced the physical properties, including the swelling behavior and mechanics of the final hydrogel. Rheological experiments proved that the E-modulus of the network was significantly increased by the supramolecular host-guest interactions. Tuning the lengths of PMOXA network chains even allowed the modification of the changes in mechanical strength, also through the addition of free β-CD. The tunable properties of the double cross-linked supramolecular hydrogel proved their unique strength for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiao Che
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany. and Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Organic Chemistry of Polymers, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Gaitzsch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Nikolai Liubimtsev
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany. and Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Organic Chemistry of Polymers, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Zschoche
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Tim Bauer
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany. and Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Organic Chemistry of Polymers, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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17
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Abstract
Pathway dependence is common in self-assembly. Herein, the importance of pathway dependence for redox-driven gels is shown by constructing a FeII /FeIII redox-based metal-organic gel system is shown. In situ oxidation of the FeII ions at different rates results in conversion of a FeII gel into a FeIII organic gel, which controls the material properties, such as gel stiffness, gel strength, and an unusual swelling behaviour, is described. The rate of formation of FeIII ions determines the extent of intermolecular interactions and so whether gelation or precipitation occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Panja
- School of ChemistryUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Dave J. Adams
- School of ChemistryUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
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