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Steck K, Preisig N, Stubenrauch C. Gelling Lyotropic Liquid Crystals with the Organogelator 1,3:2,4-Dibenzylidene-d-sorbitol Part II: Microstructure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:17142-17149. [PMID: 31851515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with the gelation of lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) of the binary system H2O-heptaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12E7). The Lα and H1 phases are gelled with the organogelator 1,3:2,4-dibenzylidene-d-sorbitol (DBS). The microstructure of the gelled LLCs is compared to those of the binary counterparts, i.e., the pure LLCs and the binary gel ethylene glycol-DBS. We present the first examples of gelled lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) formed by two different ways upon cooling: (1) At a DBS mass fraction of η = 0.015, the gel is formed first, followed by LLC formation. (2) At η = 0.0075, the LLC is formed first, followed by gel formation. Addressing LLC and gel formation in different orders, the influence of the LLC on the gel network and vice versa can be examined. Independent of which structure is formed first, the interlayer spacing dLLC of the LLCs is only slightly larger in the presence of the gel network compared to the nongelled counterparts. Likewise, the influence of the LLCs on the gel fibers is independent of the chronology of the gel and LLC formation. For both ways, the gel fibers are twisted and arranged in bundles parallel to the bilayers of the Lα phase and the cylindrical micelles of the H1 phase. Whereas the twisted structure of the gel fibers in ethylene glycol is retained in the presence of the LLCs, the arrangement in bundles is not observed in the binary gels. In the latter case, randomly distributed single fibers which are also slightly thinner are detected. However, we observed the fiber bundles independent of whether the gel network is formed in the isotropic phase or in the LLC and argue that the difference is caused by different interactions of organogelator DBS with the system H2O-C12E7 than with ethylene glycol. In summary, we found that both the surfactant and the gelator molecules self-assemble in the presence of each other, leading to the coexistence of an LLC and a gel network. This is what is called orthogonal self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Steck
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Natalie Preisig
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Cosima Stubenrauch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , University of Stuttgart , Pfaffenwaldring 55 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
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Nandi M, Maiti B, Banerjee S, De P. Hydrogen bonding driven self-assembly of side-chain amino acid and fatty acid appended poly(methacrylate)s: Gelation and application in oil spill recovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Nandi
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata; Mohanpur, 741246, Nadia West Bengal India
| | - Binoy Maiti
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata; Mohanpur, 741246, Nadia West Bengal India
| | - Soham Banerjee
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata; Mohanpur, 741246, Nadia West Bengal India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata; Mohanpur, 741246, Nadia West Bengal India
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Hanabusa K, Suzuki M. Physical Gelation by Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds and Development of Gelators. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Hanabusa
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University
| | - Masahiro Suzuki
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University
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Ohsedo Y. Low-molecular-weight organogelators as functional materials for oil spill remediation. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Ohsedo
- Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, Collaborative Research Division, Art, Science and Technology, Center for Cooperative Research; Kyushu University; 4-1 Kyudaishinmachi, Nishi-ku Fukuoka Japan
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Takeno H, Maehara A, Yamaguchi D, Koizumi S. A Structural Study of an Organogel Investigated by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering and Synchrotron Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:7739-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3008514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Takeno
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Akiko Maehara
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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Lagadec C, Smith DK. Synthetically accessible, tunable, low-molecular-weight oligopeptide organogelators. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:340-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc01449d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Griffiths PC, Knight DW, Morgan IR, Ford A, Brown J, Davies B, Heenan RK, King SM, Dalgliesh RM, Tomkinson J, Prescott S, Schweins R, Paul A. Gelation or molecular recognition; is the bis-(α,β-dihydroxy ester)s motif an omnigelator? Beilstein J Org Chem 2010; 6:1079-88. [PMID: 21160568 PMCID: PMC3002023 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.6.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the gelation of liquids by low molecular weight solutes at low concentrations gives an insight into many molecular recognition phenomena and also offers a simple route to modifying the physical properties of the liquid. Bis-(α,β-dihydroxy ester)s are shown here to gel thermoreversibly a wide range of solvents, raising interesting questions as to the mechanism of gelation. At gelator concentrations of 5-50 mg ml⁻¹, gels were successfully formed in acetone, ethanol/water mixtures, toluene, cyclohexane and chloroform (the latter, albeit at a higher gelator concentration). A range of neutron techniques - in particular small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) - have been employed to probe the structure of a selection of these gels. The universality of gelation in a range of solvent types suggests the gelation mechanism is a feature of the bis-(α,β-dihydroxy ester) motif, with SANS demonstrating the presence of regular structures in the 30-40 Å range. A correlation between the apparent rodlike character of the structures formed and the polarity of the solvent is evident. Preliminary spin-echo neutron scattering studies (SESANS) indicated the absence of any larger scale structures. Inelastic neutron spectroscopy (INS) studies demonstrated that the solvent is largely unaffected by gelation, but does reveal insights into the thermal history of the samples. Further neutron studies of this kind (particularly SESANS and INS) are warranted, and it is hoped that this work will stimulate others to pursue this line of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Griffiths
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - David W Knight
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Ian R Morgan
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Amy Ford
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - James Brown
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Ben Davies
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Richard K Heenan
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Research Council, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX U.K
| | - Stephen M King
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Research Council, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX U.K
| | - Robert M Dalgliesh
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Research Council, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX U.K
| | - John Tomkinson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Research Council, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX U.K
| | - Stuart Prescott
- School of Chemistry, Bristol University, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS U.K
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Laue Langevin, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38042 Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Alison Paul
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
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Suzuki M, Hanabusa K. Polymer organogelators that make supramolecular organogels through physical cross-linking and self-assembly. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 39:455-63. [PMID: 20111770 DOI: 10.1039/b910604a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review highlights recent and current advances in polymer organogelators, which are rare compared with low molecular weight gelators. In this review, we classify polymer organogelators in three categories: the formation of supramolecular crosslinking points by conformational changes, the addition of crosslinking agents and the self-assembly of gelation-causing segments. Highly stereoregular polymers form a physical gel in organic solvents, involving conformational changes such as helix formation. The addition of cross-linking agents into polymer solutions provides stimuli-sensitive organogels. Furthermore, polymer organogelators, which consist of versatile polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol)s, polycarbonates, polyesters, polycaprolactones, polyolefins and low molecular weight gelators, function as good organogelators that can form organogels in many organic solvents at low concentration. The organogelation properties of polymer organogelators are significantly affected by the chemical structures of the introduced low molecular weight gelators and polymer backbones, the molecular weight of the polymer backbones and the linking mode between the low molecular weight gelator segment and the polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan.
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Côte M, Nicholls T, Knight DW, Morgan IR, Rogueda PGA, King SM, Heenan RK, Griffiths PC. Self-assembling chiral gelators for fluorinated media. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:8678-8684. [PMID: 19402688 DOI: 10.1021/la804277z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Formulations involving partially and fully fluorinated media represent a technological challenge given the lipophobic and hydrophobic nature of such liquids. The identification of self-associating materials with which to control the viscosity and solubilizing characteristics of fluorinated solvents is a particularly interesting area of research. It is shown here that the presence of the stereogenic centers inherent in a family of bis-(alpha,beta-dihydroxy ester)s is an essential requirement for the thermoreversible gelation of mixtures of partially fluorinated liquids 2H,3H-perfluoropentane (HPFP) and 1H,1H-heptafluorobutanol (HFB). Gelation is driven by hydrogen bonding, which induces a nonpreferred conformation around the bis-(alpha,beta-dihydroxy ester) structural motif. An analysis of the melting temperature yields an enthalpy of melting that is consistent with three to four hydrogen bonds, commensurate with the end-group structure of the gelator. Small-angle neutron scattering demonstrated the existence of the common fibrillar structures whose dimensions showed no obvious correlation with the molecular structure of the gelator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Côte
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
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Bonacucina G, Cespi M, Misici-Falzi M, Palmieri GF. Colloidal soft matter as drug delivery system. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:1-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Kundu SK, Osaka N, Matsunaga T, Yoshida M, Shibayama M. Structural Characterization of Ionic Gelator Studied by Dynamic Light Scattering and Small-Angle Neutron Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:16469-77. [DOI: 10.1021/jp807992t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shyamal Kumar Kundu
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan, and Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Noboru Osaka
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan, and Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takuro Matsunaga
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan, and Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Masaru Yoshida
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan, and Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibayama
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan, and Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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Pham QN, Brosse N, Frochot C, Dumas D, Hocquet A, Jamart-Grégoire B. Influence of the gelator structure and solvent on the organisation and chirality of self-assembling fibrillar networks. NEW J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b714375c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Suzuki M, Setoguchi C, Shirai H, Hanabusa K. Organogelation by polymer organogelators with a L-lysine derivative: formation of a three-dimensional network consisting of supramolecular and conventional polymers. Chemistry 2007; 13:8193-200. [PMID: 17639539 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polymer compounds consisting of a L-lysine derivative and conventional polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol), polycarbonate, polyesters, and poly(alkylene), have been synthesized and their organogelation properties examined in various solvents. These polymer compounds function as good organogelators that form organogels in many organic solvents and oils. The organogelation ability is almost independent of the polymer backbone. Observation by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) demonstrates that the polymer organogelators form a supramolecular polymer with a diameter of several tens of nanometers and create a three-dimensional network in organogels. FT-IR spectroscopic analysis shows that the supramolecular polymer is mainly formed by the self-assembly of L-lysine segments through hydrogen-bonding and van der Waals interactions. Furthermore, the organogels formed by the polymer organogelators have a lower gel-sol temperature and higher gel strength than those of a low-molecular-weight model organogelator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan.
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Pierce AM, Maslanka PJ, Carr AJ, McCain KS. Using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to examine structure in bisurea organogels. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2007; 61:379-87. [PMID: 17456256 DOI: 10.1366/000370207780466145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The structure of two bisurea organogels was examined by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Organogels were prepared in benzene at different concentrations of gelator in order to determine the effect of concentration on the assembly of organogelator molecules. This work examined two types of bisurea organogelators, both with dodecyl alkyl tail groups. The two molecules differ only in the length of an alkyl chain separating their two urea groups: 6 carbons in the C6C12 organogelator (1,6-bis(3(3,5-didodecoxybinzyl)-urea-hexane) and 12 carbons in the C12C12 organogelator (1,12-bis(3(3,5-didodecoxybinzyl)-urea-dodecane). The degree of urea hydrogen bonding was determined from the position of the amide II band, and the conformational order of the alkyl chains in the organogelator was determined in the methylene bending region. Both gels showed a general trend of less hydrogen bonding and greater conformational disorder in the alkyl chains as the concentration of organogelator increased; however, the changes were smaller in the C12C12 gels. This decrease in structural order with increasing organogelator concentration is explained by the kinetics of gel formation; more concentrated gels solidify too quickly to assemble perfectly. The observed differences between the two organogelators are caused by the different structures into which these two similar molecules assemble. The C6C12 organogelator only assembles linearly, while the C12C12 organogelator can form sheets through brick-like packing, and these packing motifs were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Pierce
- Department of Chemistry, Austin College, 900 N. Grand Ave., Sherman, Texas 75090, USA
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Suzuki M, Yanagida R, Setoguchi C, Shirai H, Hanabusa K. New polymer organogelators withL-isoleucine andL-valine as a gelation-causing segment: Organogelation by a combination of supramolecular polymer and conventional polymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Shibayama M. Universality and Specificity of Polymer Gels Viewed by Scattering Methods. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2006. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.79.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Formation, structure, and rheological properties of ricinelaidic acid-vegetable oil organogels. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-006-1232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Inoue D, Sakakibara Y, Suzuki M, Shirai H, Kurose A, Hanabusa K. Gelator and Thickener Derived from Dimethyl 5-Aminoisophthalate. CHEM LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2005.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Gelation mechanism and microstructure of organogels formed with various types of gelators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Brosse N, Barth D, Jamart-Grégoire B. A family of strong low-molecular-weight organogelators based on aminoacid derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.10.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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