1
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Sun Y, Zhang Z, Asare‐Yeboah K, Bi S, He Z. Poly(butyl acrylate) polymer enhanced phase segregation and morphology of organic semiconductor for
solution‐processed
thin film transistors. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Sun
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non‐traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering Columbia University New York City New York USA
| | - Kyeiwaa Asare‐Yeboah
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Penn State Behrend Erie Pennsylvania USA
| | - Sheng Bi
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non‐traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Zhengran He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa USA
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2
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Zhou Z, Wu Q, Wang S, Huang Y, Guo H, Feng S, Chan PKL. Field-Effect Transistors Based on 2D Organic Semiconductors Developed by a Hybrid Deposition Method. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900775. [PMID: 31592413 PMCID: PMC6774035 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed 2D organic semiconductors (OSCs) have drawn considerable attention because of their novel applications from flexible optoelectronics to biosensors. However, obtaining well-oriented sheets of 2D organic materials with low defect density still poses a challenge. Here, a highly crystallized 2,9-didecyldinaphtho[2,3-b:2',3'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (C10-DNTT) monolayer crystal with large-area uniformity is obtained by an ultraslow shearing (USS) method and its growth pattern shows a kinetic Wulff's construction supported by theoretical calculations of surface energies. The resulting seamless and highly crystalline monolayers are then used as templates for thermally depositing another C10-DNTT ultrathin top-up film. The organic thin films deposited by this hybrid approach show an interesting coherence structure with a copied molecular orientation of the templating crystal. The organic field-effect transistors developed by these hybrid C10-DNTT films exhibit improved carrier mobility of 14.7 cm2 V-1 s-1 as compared with 7.3 cm2 V-1 s-1 achieved by pure thermal evaporation (100% improvement) and 2.8 cm2 V-1 s-1 achieved by solution sheared monolayer C10-DNTT. This work establishes a simple yet effective approach for fabricating high-performance and low-cost electronics on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zhou
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam RoadHong Kong
| | - Qisheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM87131USA
| | - Sijia Wang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam RoadHong Kong
| | - Yu‐Ting Huang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam RoadHong Kong
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM87131USA
| | - Shien‐Ping Feng
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam RoadHong Kong
| | - Paddy Kwok Leung Chan
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe University of Hong KongPok Fu Lam RoadHong Kong
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3
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He Z, Chen J, Li D. Polymer additive controlled morphology for high performance organic thin film transistors. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:5790-5803. [PMID: 31290910 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01053j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Solution-crystallizable small-molecule organic semiconductors, such as 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS pentacene), 5,11-bis(triethylgermylethynyl)anthradithiophene (diF-TEG-ADT), 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C8-BTBT), and N,N'-1H,1H-perfluorobutyl dicyanoperylenecarboxydiimide (PDIF-CN2), demonstrate various practical advantages including high mobility, air stability and solution processibility. In this article, we review various polymer additive based approaches to control the crystal morphology and the resultant charge transport of some bench-mark, high performance, solution crystallizable, small-molecule organic semiconductors. The polymer additives are discussed under the categories of non-conjugated polymers and conjugated polymers. The approaches and structure-performance correlations that we discussed here may be applied far beyond the examples shown in this review and have important implications for high performance organic semiconductors in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengran He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Materials for Information Technology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Jihua Chen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
| | - Dawen Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Materials for Information Technology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
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4
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Lakkas AT, Sgouros AP, Theodorou DN. Self-Consistent Field Theory Coupled with Square Gradient Theory of Free Surfaces of Molten Polymers and Compared to Atomistic Simulations and Experiment. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. T. Lakkas
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
| | - A. P. Sgouros
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
| | - D. N. Theodorou
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
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5
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Gumyusenge A, Tran DT, Luo X, Pitch GM, Zhao Y, Jenkins KA, Dunn TJ, Ayzner AL, Savoie BM, Mei J. Semiconducting polymer blends that exhibit stable charge transport at high temperatures. Science 2019; 362:1131-1134. [PMID: 30523104 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau0759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although high-temperature operation (i.e., beyond 150°C) is of great interest for many electronics applications, achieving stable carrier mobilities for organic semiconductors at elevated temperatures is fundamentally challenging. We report a general strategy to make thermally stable high-temperature semiconducting polymer blends, composed of interpenetrating semicrystalline conjugated polymers and high glass-transition temperature insulating matrices. When properly engineered, such polymer blends display a temperature-insensitive charge transport behavior with hole mobility exceeding 2.0 cm2/V·s across a wide temperature range from room temperature up to 220°C in thin-film transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristide Gumyusenge
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Dung T Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xuyi Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Gregory M Pitch
- Department of Physical & Biological Sciences-Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kaelon A Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tim J Dunn
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Alexander L Ayzner
- Department of Physical & Biological Sciences-Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Brett M Savoie
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, 480 Stadium Mall Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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6
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Cramer T, Travaglini L, Lai S, Patruno L, de Miranda S, Bonfiglio A, Cosseddu P, Fraboni B. Direct imaging of defect formation in strained organic flexible electronics by Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38203. [PMID: 27910889 PMCID: PMC5133578 DOI: 10.1038/srep38203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new materials and devices for flexible electronics depends crucially on the understanding of how strain affects electronic material properties at the nano-scale. Scanning Kelvin-Probe Microscopy (SKPM) is a unique technique for nanoelectronic investigations as it combines non-invasive measurement of surface topography and surface electrical potential. Here we show that SKPM in non-contact mode is feasible on deformed flexible samples and allows to identify strain induced electronic defects. As an example we apply the technique to investigate the strain response of organic thin film transistors containing TIPS-pentacene patterned on polymer foils. Controlled surface strain is induced in the semiconducting layer by bending the transistor substrate. The amount of local strain is quantified by a mathematical model describing the bending mechanics. We find that the step-wise reduction of device performance at critical bending radii is caused by the formation of nano-cracks in the microcrystal morphology of the TIPS-pentacene film. The cracks are easily identified due to the abrupt variation in SKPM surface potential caused by a local increase in resistance. Importantly, the strong surface adhesion of microcrystals to the elastic dielectric allows to maintain a conductive path also after fracture thus providing the opportunity to attenuate strain effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Cramer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Travaglini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, Italy
| | - Stefano Lai
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, Italy
| | - Luca Patruno
- DICAM, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Bonfiglio
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, Italy
| | - Piero Cosseddu
- Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d'Armi, Italy
| | - Beatrice Fraboni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, Italy
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7
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Precise Characterisation of Molecular Orientation in a Single Crystal Field-Effect Transistor Using Polarised Raman Spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33057. [PMID: 27619423 PMCID: PMC5020501 DOI: 10.1038/srep33057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Charge transport in organic semiconductors is strongly dependent on the molecular orientation and packing, such that manipulation of this molecular packing is a proven technique for enhancing the charge mobility in organic transistors. However, quantitative measurements of molecular orientation in micrometre-scale structures are experimentally challenging. Several research groups have suggested polarised Raman spectroscopy as a suitable technique for these measurements and have been able to partially characterise molecular orientations using one or two orientation parameters. Here we demonstrate a new approach that allows quantitative measurements of molecular orientations in terms of three parameters, offering the complete characterisation of a three-dimensional orientation. We apply this new method to organic semiconductor molecules in a single crystal field-effect transistor in order to correlate the measured orientation with charge carrier mobility measurements. This approach offers the opportunity for micrometre resolution (diffraction limited) spatial mapping of molecular orientation using bench-top apparatus, enabling a rational approach towards controlling this orientation to achieve optimum device performance.
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8
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Li Y, Wan J, Smilgies DM, Bouffard N, Sun R, Headrick RL. Nucleation and strain-stabilization during organic semiconductor thin film deposition. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32620. [PMID: 27600905 PMCID: PMC5013491 DOI: 10.1038/srep32620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleation mechanisms during solution deposition of organic semiconductor thin films determine the grain morphology and may influence the crystalline packing in some cases. Here, in-situ optical spectromicroscopy in reflection mode is used to study the growth mechanisms and thermal stability of 6,13-bis(trisopropylsilylethynyl)-pentacene thin films. The results show that the films form in a supersaturated state before transforming to a solid film. Molecular aggregates corresponding to subcritical nuclei in the crystallization process are inferred from optical spectroscopy measurements of the supersaturated region. Strain-free solid films exhibit a temperature-dependent blue shift of optical absorption peaks due to a continuous thermally driven change of the crystalline packing. As crystalline films are cooled to ambient temperature they become strained although cracking of thicker films is observed, which allows the strain to partially relax. Below a critical thickness, cracking is not observed and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements confirm that the thinnest films are constrained to the lattice constants corresponding to the temperature at which they were deposited. Optical spectroscopy results show that the transition temperature between Form I (room temperature phase) and Form II (high temperature phase) depends on the film thickness, and that Form I can also be strain-stabilized up to 135 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington VT 005, USA
| | - Jing Wan
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington VT 005, USA
| | - Detlef-M Smilgies
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853, USA
| | - Nicole Bouffard
- Microscopy Imaging Center, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington VT 05405, USA
| | - Richard Sun
- Angstrom Sun Technologies Inc. 31 Nagog Park, Acton MA 01720, USA
| | - Randall L Headrick
- Department of Physics and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington VT 005, USA
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9
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Fares MM, Al-Rub FAA, Massadeh KH. Lightweight MWCNTs-g-PAN Carbon Fiber Precursors. Sensitive High Absorptivity and Novel Wide-Bandgap Conjugated Polymers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M. Fares
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Fahmi A. Abu Al-Rub
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Khansa’a H. Massadeh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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10
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Ward JW, Lamport ZA, Jurchescu OD. Versatile Organic Transistors by Solution Processing. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:1118-32. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Schweicher G, Olivier Y, Lemaur V, Geerts YH. What Currently Limits Charge Carrier Mobility in Crystals of Molecular Semiconductors? Isr J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Purushothaman B, Parkin SR, Kendrick MJ, David D, Ward JW, Yu L, Stingelin N, Jurchescu OD, Ostroverkhova O, Anthony JE. Synthesis and charge transport studies of stable, soluble hexacenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:8261-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc33919f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Amassian A, Pozdin VA, Li R, Smilgies DM, Malliaras GG. Solvent vapor annealing of an insoluble molecular semiconductor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b923375j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Rivnay J, Jimison LH, Northrup JE, Toney MF, Noriega R, Lu S, Marks TJ, Facchetti A, Salleo A. Large modulation of carrier transport by grain-boundary molecular packing and microstructure in organic thin films. NATURE MATERIALS 2009; 8:952-8. [PMID: 19898460 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processable organic semiconductors are central to developing viable printed electronics, and performance comparable to that of amorphous silicon has been reported for films grown from soluble semiconductors. However, the seemingly desirable formation of large crystalline domains introduces grain boundaries, resulting in substantial device-to-device performance variations. Indeed, for films where the grain-boundary structure is random, a few unfavourable grain boundaries may dominate device performance. Here we isolate the effects of molecular-level structure at grain boundaries by engineering the microstructure of the high-performance n-type perylenediimide semiconductor PDI8-CN2 and analyse their consequences for charge transport. A combination of advanced X-ray scattering, first-principles computation and transistor characterization applied to PDI8-CN2 films reveals that grain-boundary orientation modulates carrier mobility by approximately two orders of magnitude. For PDI8-CN2 we show that the molecular packing motif (that is, herringbone versus slip-stacked) plays a decisive part in grain-boundary-induced transport anisotropy. The results of this study provide important guidelines for designing device-optimized molecular semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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15
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Hong JP, Lee S. Solution-Based Direct Growth of Organic Crystals on an Active Channel Region for Printable Bottom-Contact Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:3096-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200805971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Hong JP, Lee S. Solution-Based Direct Growth of Organic Crystals on an Active Channel Region for Printable Bottom-Contact Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200805971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Organic Semiconductor-Polymer Insulator Blends: a Morphological Study of the Guest-Host Interactions. E-JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2009.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Chen J, Subramanian S, Parkin SR, Siegler M, Gallup K, Haughn C, Martin DC, Anthony JE. The influence of side chains on the structures and properties of functionalized pentacenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b717082c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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