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Vallabh A, Padhye N. Dilatational-plasticity opens a new mechanistic pathway for macromolecular transport across glassy interfaces. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18552. [PMID: 39122781 PMCID: PMC11315893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Interdiffusion-based macromolecular transport across glassy interfaces is reportedly achieved at high temperatures in accordance with the classical model of reptation. Here, for the first time, we report a new mechanistic pathway for achieving solid-state glassy joining by triggering rapid macromolecular acceleration through mechanical deformation. Large-scale molecular simulations reveal that active plastic deformation in glassy polymers, at temperatures well below the bulk (and surface) glass transition temperatures T g b (and T g s ), causes segmental translations of macromolecules leading to interfacial interpenetrations, and the formation of new entanglements. The mechanistic basis for this new type of bonding is identified as molecular-scale dilatations and densifications during deformation-induced mobility. The reported insights open promising avenues for achieving quick, strong, and energetically less-intensive joining of polymeric glasses across various sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Vallabh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA
| | - Nikhil Padhye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA.
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2
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Pawlak A, Krajenta J. Entanglements of Macromolecules and Their Influence on Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Polymers. Molecules 2024; 29:3410. [PMID: 39064989 PMCID: PMC11280004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Flexible macromolecules easily become entangled with neighboring macromolecules. The resulting network determines many polymer properties, including rheological and mechanical properties. Therefore, a number of experimental and modeling studies were performed to describe the relationship between the degree of entanglement of macromolecules and polymer properties. The introduction presents general information about the entanglements of macromolecule chains, collected on the basis of studies of equilibrium entangled polymers. It is also shown how the density of entanglements can be reduced. The second chapter presents experiments and models leading to the description of the movement of a single macromolecule. The next part of the text discusses how the rheological properties change after partial disentangling of the polymer. The results on the influence of the degree of chain entanglement on mechanical properties are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Pawlak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 90-363 Lodz, Poland;
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3
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Mileo PGM, Krauter CM, Sanders JM, Browning AR, Halls MD. Molecular-Scale Exploration of Mechanical Properties and Interactions of Poly(lactic acid) with Cellulose and Chitin. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:42417-42428. [PMID: 38024724 PMCID: PMC10652380 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), one of the pillars of the current overarching displacement trend switching from fossil- to natural-based polymers, is often used in association with polysaccharides to increase its mechanical properties. However, the use of PLA/polysaccharide composites is greatly hampered by their poor miscibility, whose underlying nature is still vastly unexplored. This work aims to shed light on the interactions of PLA and two representative polysaccharide molecules (cellulose and chitin) and reveal structure-property relationships from a fundamental perspective using atomistic molecular dynamics. Our computational strategy was able to reproduce key experimental mechanical properties of pure and/or composite materials, reveal a decrease in immiscibility in PLA/chitin compared to PLA/cellulose associations, assert PLA-oriented polysaccharide reorientations, and explore how less effective PLA-polysaccharide hydrogen bonds are related to the poor PLA/polysaccharide miscibility. The connection between the detailed chemical interactions and the composite behavior found in this work is beneficial to the discovery of new biodegradable and natural polymer composite mixtures that can provide needed performance characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeffrey M. Sanders
- Schrödinger,
Inc., 1540 Broadway, New York, New York10036, United States
| | - Andrea R. Browning
- Schrödinger,
Inc., 01 SW Main St #1300, Portland, Oregon 97204, United States
| | - Mathew D. Halls
- Schrödinger,
Inc., 5820 Oberlin Dr., San Diego, California 92121, United States
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4
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Petousis M, Ntintakis I, David C, Sagris D, Nasikas NK, Korlos A, Moutsopoulou A, Vidakis N. A Coherent Assessment of the Compressive Strain Rate Response of PC, PETG, PMMA, and TPU Thermoplastics in MEX Additive Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3926. [PMID: 37835975 PMCID: PMC10574899 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we successfully address a significant research and engineering gap by quantitatively assessing the impact of varying compressive loading rates on the mechanical behavior of four popular thermoplastic polymers in material-extrusion-based (MEX) 3D printing. Raw powders of polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were processed through melt extrusion, and the filaments were used to 3D-print the test samples. For completeness, thermogravimetric analysis and a compressive test following the ASTM-D695 standard were conducted. Ultimately, the compressive strength and yield stress, the compressive modulus of elasticity and toughness, and the maximum compressive sensitivity index were thoroughly documented. Specimens were tested in strain rates from 1.3 mm/min to 200 mm/min. The compressive strength (40% for the PMMA) and stiffness (29% for the TPU) increased with the increase in the strain rate in all polymers tested. PC had the highest strain rate sensitivity. Significant variations in deformation and fracture modes were observed and thoroughly documented throughout this study. Our findings can be useful in industrial engineering as valued design optimization input parameters in various applications involving the above-mentioned polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markos Petousis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (M.P.); (I.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Ioannis Ntintakis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (M.P.); (I.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Constantine David
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, International Hellenic University, Serres Campus, 62124 Serres, Greece; (C.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Dimitrios Sagris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, International Hellenic University, Serres Campus, 62124 Serres, Greece; (C.D.); (D.S.)
| | - Nektarios K. Nasikas
- Division of Mathematics and Engineering Sciences, Department of Military Sciences, Hellenic Army Academy, 16673 Vari, Greece;
| | - Apostolos Korlos
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, International Hellenic University, 14th km Thessaloniki—N. Moudania, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Amalia Moutsopoulou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (M.P.); (I.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Nectarios Vidakis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (M.P.); (I.N.); (A.M.)
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5
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Xu T, Cui K, Nie C, Peng F, Cao R, Liu Z, Sun H, Li L. Bond Orientation-Determined Enthalpic Stress in Polymer Glasses upon Deformation. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1251-1256. [PMID: 37643284 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of polymer glass are determined by both intermolecular local packing structures and aligned intrachain configurations. These configurations involve multiple space scales, and the underlying mechanism is not well understood yet. By applying mechanical stimulation to cold-drawn polymer glasses, the present simulation work shows a one-to-one correspondence between arising retractive stress and the segment orientation parameter on the length scale of the intrachain connecting bond. Such retractive stress is a newly produced enthalpic stress when segment orientation on the length scale of bonds and particle mobility coexist. This reveals a potential mechanism of how the intrachain orientation on the length scale of bonds influences the mechanical behaviors of polymer glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kunpeng Cui
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cui Nie
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fan Peng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Renkuan Cao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hao Sun
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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6
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Jia DZ, Ma GQ, Liu Q, Zhang J, Li JQ, Lin H, Li XJ, Zhong GJ, Li ZM. Extensional Stress-Induced Ductility of Poly(l-lactide) Films: Role of the Entangled Network in Amorphous Regions. Biomacromolecules 2023. [PMID: 37276461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the density of the entangled amorphous network and the ductility of oriented poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) films is explored based on the preferential hydrolysis of the amorphous regions in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). PLLA films with a balance of ductility and stiffness have been prepared by the "casting-annealing stretching" based on mechanical rejuvenation, and the structural evolution and mechanical properties at different hydrolysis durations have been identified. Various stages are found during the transition of ductility to brittleness for hydrolyzed PLLA films. First, the elongation at break for hydrolyzed PLLA films remains unchanged in the first stage of hydrolysis and then gradually decreases. Eventually, the films turn to be brittle in the third stage. The strain-hardening modulus (GR) of the hydrolyzed films is utilized to reflect the density of the entangled amorphous network, and a gradual decrease of GR with hydrolysis time indicates the decisive role of the amorphous entanglement network in the mechanical rejuvenation-induced ductility of PLLA. The quantitative relationship between the entangled amorphous network and the stress-induced ductility of PLLA films is revealed. The dependence of deformation behavior on entangled amorphous network density is closely correlated to activated primary structure during deformation. The intact chain network plays a crucial role in sufficiently activating the primary structure to yield and disentanglement during the subsequent necking. These findings could advance the understanding of the PLLA's ductility induced by mechanical rejuvenation and offer guidance for awakening the intrinsic toughness of PLLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Zhuang Jia
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Guo-Qi Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hao Lin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xu-Juan Li
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Engineering Lab of Non-Metallic Mineral Powder Modification & High-Value Utilization, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Gan-Ji Zhong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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7
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Svaneborg C, Everaers R. Multiscale equilibration of highly entangled isotropic model polymer melts. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:054903. [PMID: 36754791 DOI: 10.1063/5.0123431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a computationally efficient multiscale method for preparing equilibrated, isotropic long-chain model polymer melts. As an application, we generate Kremer-Grest melts of 1000 chains with 200 entanglements and 25 000-2000 beads/chain, which cover the experimentally relevant bending rigidities up to and beyond the limit of the isotropic-nematic transition. In the first step, we employ Monte Carlo simulations of a lattice model to equilibrate the large-scale chain structure above the tube scale while ensuring a spatially homogeneous density distribution. We then use theoretical insight from a constrained mode tube model to introduce the bead degrees of freedom together with random walk conformational statistics all the way down to the Kuhn scale of the chains. This is followed by a sequence of simulations with carefully parameterized force-capped bead-spring models, which slowly introduce the local bead packing while reproducing the larger-scale chain statistics of the target Kremer-Grest system at all levels of force-capping. Finally, we can switch to the full Kremer-Grest model without perturbing the structure. The resulting chain statistics is in excellent agreement with literature results on all length scales accessible in brute-force simulations of shorter chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Svaneborg
- University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ralf Everaers
- ENSL, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique and Centre Blaise Pascal de l'École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
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8
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Lu RQ, Concellón A, Wang P, Swager TM, Hsieh AJ. Supramolecular hierarchical polyurethane elastomers for thermal and mechanical property optimization. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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9
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Callahan K, Heard WF, Kundu S. High Strain Rate Failure Behavior of Polycarbonate Plates due to Hypervelocity Impact. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Callahan
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi39762, United States
- Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi39762, United States
| | - William F. Heard
- Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory (GSL), U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, Mississippi39180, United States
| | - Santanu Kundu
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi39762, United States
- Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi39762, United States
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10
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Xing E, Bennin T, Razavi M, Ediger MD. Segmental Dynamics in the Strain-Hardening Regime for Poly(methyl methacrylate) Glasses with and without Melt Stretching. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enran Xing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin − Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Trevor Bennin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin − Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Masoud Razavi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin − Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mark D. Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin − Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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11
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Optimal Entanglement of Polymers Promotes the Formation of Highly Oriented Fibers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Ionic Polymer Nanocomposites Subjected to Uniaxial Extension: A Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13224001. [PMID: 34833305 PMCID: PMC8621629 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the behavior of coarse-grained ionic polymer nanocomposites (IPNCs) under uniaxial extension up to 800% strain by means of nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. We observe a simultaneous increase of stiffness and toughness of the IPNCs upon increasing the engineering strain rate, in agreement with experimental observations. We reveal that the excellent toughness of the IPNCs originates from the electrostatic interaction between polymers and nanoparticles, and that it is not due to the mobility of the nanoparticles or the presence of polymer-polymer entanglements. During the extension, and depending on the nanoparticle volume fraction, polymer-nanoparticle ionic crosslinks are suppressed with the increase of strain rate and electrostatic strength, while the mean pore radius increases with strain rate and is altered by the nanoparticle volume fraction and electrostatic strength. At relatively low strain rates, IPNCs containing an entangled matrix exhibit self-strengthening behavior. We provide microscopic insight into the structural, conformational properties and crosslinks of IPNCs, also referred to as polymer nanocomposite electrolytes, accompanying their unusual mechanical behavior.
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13
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A Morphology-Based Model to Describe the Low-Temperature Impact Behaviour of Rubber-Toughened Polypropylene. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132218. [PMID: 34279361 PMCID: PMC8271767 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of the rubber particle size, the rubber particle size distribution and the constitutive behaviour of the isotactic polypropylene matrix have been studied by combining the Lazerri–Bucknall energy criterion for cavitation with the Van der Sanden–Meier–Tervoort ligament model adapted for impact conditions. It is concluded that an optimised morphology offers great potential to achieve enhanced mechanical properties with far less rubber and hence achieve a superior stiffness/toughness/processing balance.
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14
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Sirviö JA, Kantola AM, Komulainen S, Filonenko S. Aqueous Modification of Chitosan with Itaconic Acid to Produce Strong Oxygen Barrier Film. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2119-2128. [PMID: 33913322 PMCID: PMC8382240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the chemical modification of chitosan using itaconic acid as a natural-based unsaturated dicarboxylic acid was investigated. In an aqueous environment, the amine group of chitosan reacts with itaconic acid to produce a chitosan derivative with pyrrolidone-4-carboxylic acid group. On the basis of the elemental analysis, 15% of the amine groups of chitosan reacted, thus creating modified chitosan with amine and carboxylic acid functionalities. Due to the presence of amine and carboxylic acid groups, the surface charge properties of the chitosan were notably altered after itaconic acid modification. In an aqueous solution, the modified chitosan exhibited zwitterionic properties, being cationic at low pH and turning anionic when the pH was increased over 6.5, whereas the original chitosan remained cationic until pH 9. Furthermore, it was demostrated that the modified chitosan was suitable for the preparation of a self-standing film with similarly high transparency but notably higher mechanical strength and oxygen barrier properties compared to a film made from the original chitosan. In addition, the thermal stability of the modified chitosan film was higher than that of the original chitosan film, and the modified chitosan exhibited flame-retardant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Antti Sirviö
- Fibre and Particle Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Anu M Kantola
- NMR Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Sanna Komulainen
- NMR Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Svitlana Filonenko
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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15
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Ge T, Wang J, Robbins MO. Effects of Coarse-Graining on Molecular Simulations of Mechanical Properties of Glassy Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jiuling Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mark O. Robbins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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16
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Song J, Li J, Li Z. Molecular dynamics simulations of uniaxial deformation of bimodal polyethylene melts. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Kwon T, Sung BJ. Confinement effects on the mechanical heterogeneity of polymer fiber glasses. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:052501. [PMID: 33327119 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.052501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Both polymer fiber glasses and bulk polymer glasses exhibit nonlinear mechanical responses under uniaxial deformation. In polymer fibers, however, polymer chains are confined strongly and the surface area is relatively large compared to their volume. The confinement and the surface may lead to the spatially heterogeneous relaxation of chains in polymer fibers. In this work we perform molecular dynamics simulations and investigate the relation between the heterogeneous dynamics and the nonlinear mechanical responses at a molecular level. Our molecular simulations capture successfully not only the nonlinear mechanical response but also the dependence of mechanical properties on the strain rate of typical polymer glasses as in experiments. We find that the local elastic modulus and the nonaffine displacement are spatially heterogeneous in the pre-yield regime, which results in a lower elastic modulus for polymer fibers than bulk polymer glasses. In the post-yield regime, those mechanical properties become relatively homogeneous. Monomers with large nonaffine displacement are localized mainly at the interfacial region in the pre-yield regime while highly nonaffine monomers are distributed throughout the fibers in the post-yield regime. We show that the nonaffine displacement during deformation relates closely to the mechanical response of the polymer fibers. We also find that in the strain-hardening regime there is a significant difference in the energetic contribution to the stress between polymer fibers and bulk polymers, for which the modulus of the strain-hardening regime of the polymer fibers is smaller than that of bulk polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong June Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
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18
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Investigating nature of stresses in extension and compression of glassy polymers via stress relaxation. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Djukic S, Bocahut A, Bikard J, Long DR. Study of Damage Mechanisms of Amorphous and Low Semicrystalline Polymers under Tensile Deformation by Ultrasmall-Angle X-ray Scattering. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Djukic
- LPMA, Laboratoire des polymères et Matériaux Avancés, UMR 5268 Solvay/CNRS, Solvay in Axel’One, 87 avenue des Frères Perret CS 70061, 69192 St-Fons Cedex, France
| | - Anthony Bocahut
- Solvay Research and Innovation Center, 87 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 St-Fons Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Bikard
- Solvay Research and Innovation Center, 87 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 St-Fons Cedex, France
| | - Didier R. Long
- LPMA, Laboratoire des polymères et Matériaux Avancés, UMR 5268 Solvay/CNRS, Solvay in Axel’One, 87 avenue des Frères Perret CS 70061, 69192 St-Fons Cedex, France
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20
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Tensile Behavior of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene at Different Temperatures. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8946591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Temperature greatly influences the mechanical response of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The tensile behavior of ABS was explored in this study. The tensile experiments were conducted at a wide range of temperatures (from 40°C to 130°C). A model was established to reveal the quantitative relationship between temperature and tensile behavior of ABS. The results of tensile experiments showed that tensile behavior of ABS exhibited glassy state and high-elastics state. The model was also divided into two parts that rely on the boundary of glass transition temperature, in which the parameters of the model were calculated by the fitting method. The model predictions showed a good agreement with the results of the experimental tensile test. This study provides the quantitative relationship between temperature and tensile behavior of ABS, which saves time and experimental costs.
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21
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Zou W, Moghadam S, Hoy RS, Larson RG. Multiscale Modeling of Sub-Entanglement-Scale Chain Stretching and Strain Hardening in Deformed Polymeric Glasses. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhong Zou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Soroush Moghadam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Robert S. Hoy
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Ronald G. Larson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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22
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Zhai Z, Fusco C, Morthomas J, Perez M, Lame O. Disentangling and Lamellar Thickening of Linear Polymers during Crystallization: Simulation of Bimodal and Unimodal Molecular Weight Distribution Systems. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11310-11319. [PMID: 31593434 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have performed coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to study the isothermal crystallization of bimodal and unimodal molecular weight distribution (MWD) polymers with equivalent average molecular weight (Mw). By using primitive path analysis, we can monitor the entanglement evolution during the process of crystallization. We have discovered a quantitative correlation between the degree of disentanglement and crystallinity, indicating that chain disentanglement permits the process of crystallization. In addition, the crystalline stem length also displays a linear relation with the degree of disentanglement at different temperatures. Based on the observation in our simulations, we can build a scenario of the whole process of chain disentangling and lamellar thickening on the basis of chain sliding diffusion. Furthermore, we have enough evidence to infer that the temperature dependence of crystalline stem length is basically a result of temperature dependence of chain sliding diffusion. Our observations are also in agreement with Hikosaka's sliding diffusion theory. Compared to the unimodal system, the disentanglement degree of the bimodal system is more delayed than its crystallinity due to the slower chain sliding of the long-chain component; the bimodal system reaches a larger crystalline stem length at all temperatures due to the promotion of higher chain sliding mobility of the short-chain component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengqiang Zhai
- Univ de Lyon, INSA Lyon , MATEIS, UMR CNRS 5510, 69621 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Claudio Fusco
- Univ de Lyon, INSA Lyon , MATEIS, UMR CNRS 5510, 69621 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Julien Morthomas
- Univ de Lyon, INSA Lyon , MATEIS, UMR CNRS 5510, 69621 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Michel Perez
- Univ de Lyon, INSA Lyon , MATEIS, UMR CNRS 5510, 69621 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Olivier Lame
- Univ de Lyon, INSA Lyon , MATEIS, UMR CNRS 5510, 69621 Villeurbanne , France
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23
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Charvet A, Vergelati C, Sotta P, Long DR. Damage Mechanisms of Plasticized Cellulose Acetate under Tensile Deformation Studied by Ultrasmall-Angle X-ray Scattering. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Charvet
- Laboratoire des polymères et Matériaux Avancés, UMR 5268 Solvay/CNRS, Solvay in Axel’One, 87 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Saint-Fons, France
| | - Caroll Vergelati
- Laboratoire des polymères et Matériaux Avancés, UMR 5268 Solvay/CNRS, Solvay in Axel’One, 87 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Saint-Fons, France
| | - Paul Sotta
- Laboratoire des polymères et Matériaux Avancés, UMR 5268 Solvay/CNRS, Solvay in Axel’One, 87 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Saint-Fons, France
| | - Didier R. Long
- Laboratoire des polymères et Matériaux Avancés, UMR 5268 Solvay/CNRS, Solvay in Axel’One, 87 avenue des Frères Perret, 69192 Saint-Fons, France
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24
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Chan EP, Xie W, Orski SV, Lee JH, Soles CL. Entanglement Density-Dependent Energy Absorption of Polycarbonate Films via Supersonic Fracture. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:806-811. [PMID: 35619502 PMCID: PMC10941953 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fracture behavior of glassy polymers is strongly coupled to molecular parameters such as entanglement density as well as extrinsic parameters such as strain rate and test temperature. Here we use laser-induced projectile impact testing (LIPIT) to study the extreme strain rate (≈107 s-1) puncture behavior of free-standing polycarbonate (PC) thin films. We demonstrate that changes to the PC molecular mass and the degree of plasticization can lead to substantial changes in the specific puncture energy. We relate these changes to the alteration of the entanglement density of the polymer that determines the underlying failure mechanism as well as the size of the deformation zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin P. Chan
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Wanting Xie
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Sara V. Orski
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jae-Hwang Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Christopher L. Soles
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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25
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Pawlak A. The Entanglements of Macromolecules and Their Influence on the Properties of Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Pawlak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular StudiesPolish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90‐363 Lodz Poland
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26
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Chang J, Lin Y, Chen W, Tian F, Chen P, Zhao J, Li L. Structural origin for the strain rate dependence of mechanical response of fluoroelastomer F2314. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer FilmUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Yuanfei Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer FilmUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and TechnologySouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer FilmUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Fucheng Tian
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer FilmUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Pinzhang Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer FilmUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Jingyun Zhao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer FilmUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer FilmUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
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27
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Charvet A, Vergelati C, Long DR. Mechanical and ultimate properties of injection molded cellulose acetate/plasticizer materials. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 204:182-189. [PMID: 30366530 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Charvet
- LPMA, Laboratoire des Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, UMR 5268 Solvay/CNRS, Solvay in Axel'One, 87 avenue des Frères Perret CS 70061, 69192 St-Fons Cedex, France.
| | - Caroll Vergelati
- LPMA, Laboratoire des Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, UMR 5268 Solvay/CNRS, Solvay in Axel'One, 87 avenue des Frères Perret CS 70061, 69192 St-Fons Cedex, France
| | - Didier R Long
- LPMA, Laboratoire des Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, UMR 5268 Solvay/CNRS, Solvay in Axel'One, 87 avenue des Frères Perret CS 70061, 69192 St-Fons Cedex, France
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28
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Ethier JG, Hall LM. Structure and Entanglement Network of Model Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticle Monolayers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey G. Ethier
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Lisa M. Hall
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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29
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Wang Z, Lee WJ, Koh BTH, Hong M, Wang W, Lim PN, Feng J, Park LS, Kim M, Thian ES. Functional regeneration of tendons using scaffolds with physical anisotropy engineered via microarchitectural manipulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat4537. [PMID: 30345353 PMCID: PMC6195336 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat4537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Structural and hierarchical anisotropy underlies the structure-function relationship of most living tissues. Attempts to exploit the interplay between cells and their immediate environment have rarely featured macroscale, three-dimensional constructs required for clinical applications. Furthermore, compromises to biomechanical robustness during fabrication often limit the scaffold's relevance in translational medicine. We report a polymeric three-dimensional scaffold with tendon-like mechanical properties and controlled anisotropic microstructures. The scaffold was composed of two distinct portions, which enabled high porosity while retaining tendon-like mechanical properties. When tenocytes were cultured in vitro on the scaffold, phenotypic markers of tenogenesis such as type-I collagen, decorin, and tenascin were significantly expressed over nonanisotropic controls. Moreover, highly aligned intracellular cytoskeletal network and high nuclear alignment efficiencies were observed, suggesting that microstructural anisotropy might play the epigenetic role of mechanotransduction. When implanted in an in vivo micropig model, a neotissue that formed over the scaffold resembled native tendon tissue in composition and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117 576, Singapore
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - W. J. Lee
- Prestige BioResearch Pte Ltd, 15 Tech Park Crescent, Singapore 638117, Singapore
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - B. T. H. Koh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119 074, Singapore
| | - M. Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - W. Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119 074, Singapore
| | - P. N. Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117 576, Singapore
| | - J. Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117 576, Singapore
| | - L. S. Park
- Prestige BioResearch Pte Ltd, 15 Tech Park Crescent, Singapore 638117, Singapore
| | - M. Kim
- Prestige BioResearch Pte Ltd, 15 Tech Park Crescent, Singapore 638117, Singapore
| | - E. S. Thian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117 576, Singapore
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30
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Jiao Y, Tibbits A, Gillman A, Hsiao MS, Buskohl P, Drummy LF, Vaia RA. Deformation Behavior of Polystyrene-Grafted Nanoparticle Assemblies with Low Grafting Density. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratories, WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Andrew Tibbits
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratories, WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Andrew Gillman
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratories, WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Ming-Siao Hsiao
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratories, WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
| | - Philip Buskohl
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratories, WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Lawrence F. Drummy
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratories, WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Richard A. Vaia
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratories, WPAFB, Ohio 45433, United States
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31
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32
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Oleinik EF, Mazo MA, Strel’nikov IA, Rudnev SN, Salamatina OB. Plasticity Mechanism for Glassy Polymers: Computer Simulation Picture. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x18010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Morthomas J, Fusco C, Zhai Z, Lame O, Perez M. Crystallization of finite-extensible nonlinear elastic Lennard-Jones coarse-grained polymers. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:052502. [PMID: 29347659 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.052502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a simple coarse-grained finite-extensible nonlinear elastic (FENE) Lennard-Jones (LJ) polymer model to be crystallized is investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. The optimal FENE Lennard-Jones parameter combinations (ratio between FENE and LJ equilibrium distances) and the optimal lattice parameters are calculated for five different perfect crystallite structures: simple tetragonal, body-centered tetragonal, body-centered orthorhombic, hexagonal primitive, and hexagonal close packed. It was found that the most energetically favorable structure is the body-centered orthorhombic. Starting with an equilibrated polymer liquid and with the optimal parameters found for the body-centered orthorhombic, an isothermal treatment led to the formation of large lamellar crystallites with a typical chain topology: folded, loop, and tie chains, and with a crystallinity of about 60%-70%, similar to real semicrystalline polymers. This simple coarse-grained Lennard-Jones model provides a qualitative tool to study semicrystalline microstructures for polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Morthomas
- INSA de Lyon, Université de Lyon, MATEIS, UMR CNRS 5510, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Claudio Fusco
- INSA de Lyon, Université de Lyon, MATEIS, UMR CNRS 5510, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Zengqiang Zhai
- INSA de Lyon, Université de Lyon, MATEIS, UMR CNRS 5510, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Lame
- INSA de Lyon, Université de Lyon, MATEIS, UMR CNRS 5510, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michel Perez
- INSA de Lyon, Université de Lyon, MATEIS, UMR CNRS 5510, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
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34
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Ganguly R, Gorman I, Desbois P, Lesser AJ. Structure-property relationships in asymmetric double-network glasses. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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Bae S, Galant O, Diesendruck CE, Silberstein MN. Tailoring single chain polymer nanoparticle thermo-mechanical behavior by cross-link density. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:2808-2816. [PMID: 28345097 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Single chain polymer nanoparticles (SCPNs) are formed from intrachain cross-linking of a single polymer chain, making SCPN distinct from other polymer nanoparticles for which the shape is predefined before polymerization. The degree of cross-linking in large part determines the internal architecture of the SCPNs and therefore their mechanical and thermomechanical properties. Here, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study thermomechanical behavior of individual SCPNs with different underlying structures by varying the ratio of cross-linking and the degree of polymerization. We characterize the particles in terms of shape, structure, glass transition temperature, mobility, and stress response to compressive loading. The results indicate that the constituent monomers of SCPNs become less mobile as the degree of cross-linking is increased corresponding to lower diffusivity and higher stress at a given temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwon Bae
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, NY14850, USA.
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36
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Lin P, Xu Q, Cheng S, Li X, Zhao Z, Sun S, Peng C, Joy A, Wang SQ. Effects of Molecular Weight Reduction on Brittle–Ductile Transition and Elastic Yielding Due to Noninvasive γ Irradiation on Polymer Glasses. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Lin
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Quan Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Shiwang Cheng
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Zhichen Zhao
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Shuangyi Sun
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Chao Peng
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Abraham Joy
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Shi-Qing Wang
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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37
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Kolluru PV, Chasiotis I. A master curve for the size and strain rate dependent large deformation behavior of PS nanofibers at room temperature. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Rejuvenation of PLLA: Effect of plastic deformation and orientation on physical ageing in poly(l-lactic acid) films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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Lin P, Liu J, Wang SQ. Delineating nature of stress responses during ductile uniaxial extension of polycarbonate glass. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Joy J, Gupta A, Jahnavi S, Verma RS, Ray AR, Gupta B. Understanding thein situcrosslinked gelatin hydrogel. POLYM INT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jincy Joy
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology; Indian Institute of Technology; New Delhi 110016 India
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Amlan Gupta
- Department of Pathology; Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences; Gangtok 737102 India
| | - Sarvepalli Jahnavi
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 India
| | - Rama S Verma
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 India
| | - Alok R Ray
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Bhuvanesh Gupta
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology; Indian Institute of Technology; New Delhi 110016 India
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41
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Nonlinear stress relaxation behavior of ductile polymer glasses from large extension and compression. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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Liu J, Lin P, Cheng S, Wang W, Mays JW, Wang SQ. Polystyrene Glasses under Compression: Ductile and Brittle Responses. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:1072-1076. [PMID: 35614806 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polystyrene of different molecular weights and their binary mixtures are studied in terms of their various mechanical responses to uniaxial compression at different temperatures. PS of Mw = 25 kg/mol is completely brittle until it is above its glass transition temperature Tg. In contrast, upon incorporation of a high molecular weight component, PS mixtures turn from barely ductile a few degrees below its Tg to ductile over 40° below Tg. In the upper limit, a PS of Mw = 319 kg/mol yields and undergoes plastic flow, even at T = -70 °C. The observed dependence of mechanical responses on molecular weight and molecular weight distribution can be adequately rationalized by the idea that yielding and plastic compression are caused by chain networking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianning Liu
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Panpan Lin
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Shiwang Cheng
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Weiyu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jimmy W. Mays
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Shi-Qing Wang
- Department
of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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43
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Ondreas F, Jancar J. Temperature, Frequency, and Small Static Stress Dependence of the Molecular Mobility in Deformed Amorphous Polymers near Their Glass Transition. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Josef Jancar
- CEITEC, Brno University of Technology, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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44
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Kim G, Byun S, Yang Y, Kim S, Kwon S, Jung Y. Film shrinkage inducing strong chain entanglement in fluorinated polyimide. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Jabbari-Farouji S, Rottler J, Lame O, Makke A, Perez M, Barrat JL. Correlation of structure and mechanical response in solid-like polymers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:194131. [PMID: 25923991 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/19/194131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Employing large scale molecular dynamics simulations, we measure the uniaxial tensile response of amorphous and semicrystalline states of a coarse-grained PVA bead-spring model. The response beyond the elastic limit encompasses strain-softening and strain-hardening regimes. To understand the underlying mechanisms of plastic deformation, we analyse conformational and structural changes of polymers. In particular, we characterise the volume distribution of crystalline domains along the stress-strain curve. The strain-softening regime in semicrystalline samples is dominated by deformation of crystalline parts, while strain-hardening involves unfolding and alignment of chains in both amorphous and crystalline parts. Comparing the tensile response of semicrystalline and amorphous polymers, we find similar conformations of polymers for both systems in the strain-hardening regime.
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46
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Jabbari-Farouji S, Rottler J, Lame O, Makke A, Perez M, Barrat JL. Plastic Deformation Mechanisms of Semicrystalline and Amorphous Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:147-150. [PMID: 35596422 DOI: 10.1021/mz500754b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We use large-scale molecular dynamics simulations to investigate plastic deformation of semicrystalline polymers with randomly nucleated crystallites. The strain-softening regime is dominated by deformation of crystallites via reorientation of chain-folded lamellae toward the tensile axis, fragmentation of largest crystalline domains, and a partial loss of crystallinity. The strain-hardening regime coincides with unfolding of chains and recrystallization as a result of strain-induced chain alignment. These observed deformation mechanisms are consistent with experimental findings. We compare the tensile behavior of semicrystalline polymers with their amorphous counterparts at temperatures above and below the glass transition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joerg Rottler
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Olivier Lame
- INSA
Lyon, MATEIS, UMR CNRS 5510, Université de Lyon, F69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ali Makke
- EPF école d'ingénieur, Institut Charles Delaunay, LASMIS UMR CNRS 6279, F10004 Troyes, France
| | - Michel Perez
- INSA
Lyon, MATEIS, UMR CNRS 5510, Université de Lyon, F69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Louis Barrat
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, UJF Liphy, F38041 Grenoble, France
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 6 rue
Jules Horowitz, BP 156, F-38042 Grenoble, France
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47
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Malho JM, Ouellet-Plamondon C, Rüggeberg M, Laaksonen P, Ikkala O, Burgert I, Linder MB. Enhanced plastic deformations of nanofibrillated cellulose film by adsorbed moisture and protein-mediated interactions. Biomacromolecules 2014; 16:311-8. [PMID: 25420190 DOI: 10.1021/bm501514w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Biological composites are typically based on an adhesive matrix that interlocks rigid reinforcing elements in fiber composite or brick-and-mortar assemblies. In nature, the adhesive matrix is often made up of proteins, which are also interesting model systems, as they are unique among polymers in that we know how to engineer their structures with atomic detail and to select protein elements for specific interactions with other components. Here we studied how fusion proteins that consist of cellulose binding proteins linked to proteins that show a natural tendency to form multimer complexes act as an adhesive matrix in combination with nanofibrillated cellulose. We found that the fusion proteins are retained with the cellulose and that the proteins mainly affect the plastic yield behavior of the cellulose material as a function of water content. Interestingly, the proteins increased the moisture absorption of the composite, but the well-known plastifying effect of water was clearly decreased. The work helps to understand the functional basis of nanocellulose composites as materials and aims toward building model systems for molecular biomimetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani-Markus Malho
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044, Espoo, Finland
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48
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Huang L, Yang X, Jia X, Cao D. Fracture mechanism of amorphous polymers at strain fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:24892-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03120b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Tang S, Li Y, Liu WK, Huang XX. Surface Ripples of Polymeric Nanofibers under Tension: The Crucial Role of Poisson’s Ratio. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5012599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Tang
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China, 400017
| | - Ying Li
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
| | - Wing Kam Liu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
- Distinguished
Scientists Program Committee, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiao Xu Huang
- College
of Material Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China, 400017
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50
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Richardson E, Truffa Giachet M, Schilling M, Learner T. Assessing the physical stability of archival cellulose acetate films by monitoring plasticizer loss. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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