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Matxinandiarena E, Peñas MI, Curole BJ, Król M, Polo Fonseca L, Ruokolainen J, Grayson SM, Sangroniz L, Müller AJ. Crystallization-Induced Self-Assembly of Poly(ethylene glycol) Side Chains in Dithiol-yne-Based Comb Polymers: Side Chain Spacing and Molecular Weight Effects. Macromolecules 2024; 57:4906-4917. [PMID: 38827961 PMCID: PMC11140754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.4c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The chain architecture and topology of macromolecules impact their physical properties and final performance, including their crystallization process. In this work, comb polymers constituted by poly(ethylene glycol), PEG, side chains, and a dithiol-yne-based ring polymer backbone have been studied, focusing on the micro- and nanostructures of the system, thermal behavior, and crystallization kinetics. The designed comb system allows us to investigate the role of a ring backbone, the impact of varying the distance between two neighboring side chains, and the effect of the molecular weight of the side chain. The results reflect that the governing factor in the crystalline properties is the molar mass of the side chains and that the tethering of PEG chains to the ring backbone brings important constraints to the crystallization process, reducing the crystallinity degree and slowing down the crystallization kinetics in comparison to analogue PEG homopolymers. We demonstrate that the effect of spatial hindrance in the comb-like PEG polymers drives the morphology toward highly ordered, self-assembled, semicrystalline superstructures with either extended interdigitated chain crystals or novel (for comb polymers) interdigitated folded chain lamellar crystals. These structures depend on PEG molecular weight, the distance between neighboring tethered PEG chains, and the crystallization conditions (nonisothermal versus isothermal). This work sheds light on the role of chain architecture and topology in the structure of comb-like semicrystalline polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eider Matxinandiarena
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mario Iván Peñas
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Brennan J. Curole
- Department
of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, 2015 Percival
Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Monika Król
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, FIN-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Lucas Polo Fonseca
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, FIN-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Scott M. Grayson
- Department
of Chemistry, Tulane University, 6400 Freret Street, 2015 Percival
Stern Hall, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Leire Sangroniz
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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2
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Roberts CT, Beck SK, Prejean CM, Graul LM, Maitland DJ, Grunlan MA. Star-PCL shape memory polymer (SMP) scaffolds with tunable transition temperatures for enhanced utility. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3694-3702. [PMID: 38529581 PMCID: PMC11022546 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) prepared from UV-curable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) macromers have the potential to create self-fitting bone scaffolds, self-expanding vaginal stents, and other shape-shifting devices. To ensure tissue safety during deployment, the shape actuation temperature (i.e., the melt transition temperature or Tm of PCL) must be reduced from ∼55 °C that is observed for scaffolds prepared from linear-PCL-DA (Mn ∼ 10 kg mol-1). Moreover, increasing the rate of biodegradation would be advantageous, facilitating bone tissue healing and potentially eliminating the need for stent retrieval. Herein, a series of six UV-curable PCL macromers were prepared with linear or 4-arm star architectures and with Mns of 10, 7.5, and 5 kg mol-1, and subsequently fabricated into six porous scaffold compositions (10k, 7.5k, 5k, 10k★, 7.5k★, and 5k★) via solvent casting particulate leaching (SCPL). Scaffolds produced from star-PCL-tetraacrylate (star-PCL-TA) macromers produced pronounced reductions in Tm with decreased Mnversus those formed with the corresponding linear-PCL-diacrylate (linear-PCL-DA) macromers. Scaffolds were produced with the desired reduced Tm profiles: 37 °C < Tm < 55 °C (self-fitting bone scaffold), and Tm ≤ 37 °C (self-expanding stent). As macromer Mn decreased, crosslink density increased while % crystallinity decreased, particularly for scaffolds prepared from star-PCL-TA macromers. While shape memory behavior was retained and radial expansion pressure increased, this imparted a reduction in modulus but with an increase in the rate of degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courteney T Roberts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
| | - Sarah K Beck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
| | - C Mabel Prejean
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
| | - Lance M Graul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
| | - Duncan J Maitland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
| | - Melissa A Grunlan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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3
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Hanif W, Yadav I, Hasan E, Alsulaiman D. Programmable all-DNA hydrogels based on rolling circle and multiprimed chain amplification products. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:046106. [PMID: 37901137 PMCID: PMC10613091 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft, biocompatible, and tunable materials offer biomedical engineers and material scientists programmable matrices for a variety of biomedical applications. In this regard, DNA hydrogels have emerged as highly promising biomaterials that offer programmable self-assembly, superior biocompatibility, and the presence of specific molecular identifiable structures. Many types of DNA hydrogels have been developed, yet the programmability of the DNA building blocks has not been fully exploited, and further efforts must be directed toward understanding how to finely tune their properties in a predictable manner. Herein, we develop physically crosslinked all-DNA hydrogels with tunable morphology and controllable biodegradation, based on rolling circle amplification and multiprimed chain amplification products. Through molecular engineering of the DNA sequences and their nano-/microscale architectures, the precursors self-assemble in a controlled manner to produce soft hydrogels in an efficient, cost-effective, and highly tunable manner. Notably, we develop a novel DNA microladder architecture that serves as a framework for modulating the hydrogel properties, including over an order of magnitude change in pore size and up to 50% change in biodegradation rate. Overall, we demonstrate how the properties of this DNA-based biomaterial can be tuned by modulating the amounts of rigid double-stranded DNA chains compared to flexible single-stranded DNA chains, as well as through the precursor architecture. Ultimately, this work opens new avenues for the development of programmable and biodegradable soft materials in which DNA functions not only as a store of genetic information but also as a versatile polymeric biomaterial and molecularly engineered macroscale scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wildan Hanif
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Indresh Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Erol Hasan
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dana Alsulaiman
- Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Perin GB, Felisberti MI. Phosphorylated Polyesters Inspired by Phospholipids: Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Applications. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:5207-5218. [PMID: 37792366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of phosphorylated polyesters by the phosphorylation of hydroxylated polyesters synthesized by the lipase-catalyzed polycondensation of glycerol and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and their characterization. The use of phosphoryl chloride as a phosphorylating agent and triethylamine as a catalyst in mild reaction conditions resulted in polyesters with repetitive units structurally similar to phospholipids, molar mass of around 14-38 kDa, and a degree of phosphorylation of 36 ± 11 mol %. These polyesters are composed mainly of 10 different repetitive units as determined by 1D and 2D NMR. Their properties change from more hydrophilic and amorphous for phosphorylated poly(glycerol adipate) to more hydrophobic and semicrystalline for phosphorylated poly(glycerol dodecanedioate). Preliminary investigations have shown the potential of these polyesters to self-assemble in aqueous media forming nanoparticles, which can be loaded with hydrophobic molecules and released into an organic phase, acting as a phase transfer agent, and used as a pH-responsive emulsifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni B Perin
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box: 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Maria I Felisberti
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box: 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
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5
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Andraju N, Curtzwiler GW, Ji Y, Kozliak E, Ranganathan P. Machine-Learning-Based Predictions of Polymer and Postconsumer Recycled Polymer Properties: A Comprehensive Review. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:42771-42790. [PMID: 36102317 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There has been a tremendous increase in demand for virgin and postconsumer recycled (PCR) polymers due to their wide range of chemical and physical characteristics. Despite the numerous potential benefits of using a data-driven approach to polymer design, major hurdles exist in the development of polymer informatics due to the complicated hierarchical polymer structures. In this review, a brief introduction on virgin polymer structure, PCR polymers, compatibilization of polymers to be recycled, and their characterization using sensor array technologies as well as factors affecting the polymer properties are provided. Machine-learning (ML) algorithms are gaining attention as cost-effective scalable solutions to exploit the physical and chemical structures of polymers. The basic steps for applying ML in polymer science such as fingerprinting, algorithms, open-source databases, representations, and polymer design are detailed in this review. Further, a state-of-the-art review of the prediction of various polymer material properties using ML is reviewed. Finally, we discuss open-ended research questions on ML application to PCR polymers as well as potential challenges in the prediction of their properties using artificial intelligence for more efficient and targeted PCR polymer discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagababu Andraju
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Greg W Curtzwiler
- Polymer and Food Protection Consortium, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Yun Ji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Evguenii Kozliak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Prakash Ranganathan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
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6
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Herberg A, Kuckling D. Branching analysis of β-cyclodextrin-based poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) star polymers using triple detection SEC. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2022.2110133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artjom Herberg
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Dirk Kuckling
- Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
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7
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Antonopoulou MN, Whitfield R, Truong NP, Anastasaki A. Controlling polymer dispersity using switchable RAFT agents: Unravelling the effect of the organic content and degree of polymerization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Lang K, Quichocho HB, Black SP, Bramson MTK, Linhardt RJ, Corr DT, Gross RA. Lipase-Catalyzed Poly(glycerol-1,8-octanediol-sebacate): Biomaterial Engineering by Combining Compositional and Crosslinking Variables. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2150-2159. [PMID: 35468284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examined poly(glycerol-1,8-octanediol-sebacate) (PGOS) copolymers with low-level substitution of O (1,8-octanediol) for G (glycerol) units (G/O ratios 0.5:0.5, 0.66:0.33, 0.75:0.25, 0.8:0.2, and 0.91:0.09) prepared in bulk by immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase B (N435) catalysis. The central question explored was the extent that exchanging less than half of poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) glycerol units with 1,8-octanediol can be used as a strategy to fine-tune biomaterial properties. Synthesized copolymers having G/O ratios of 0.66:0.33, 0.75:0.25, 0.8:0.2, and 0.91:0.09 have similar molecular weights, where Mw varied from 52,800 to 63,800 g/mol, Mn varied from 5100 to 6450 g/mol, and ĐM (molecular mass dispersity, Mw/Mn) values were also similar (8.4-11.4). All of the copolymers were branched, and dendritic glycerol units reached 11% for PGOS-0.91:0.09:1.0. Analysis of DSC second heating scans revealed that copolymers with higher 1,8-octanediol contents have relatively higher Tm and ΔHf values. Over the copolymer compositional range studied herein, Tm and ΔHf values varied from 5.3 to 21.1 °C and 8.0 to 23.1 J/g, respectively. Stress-strain curves of PGOS copolymers cured at 140 °C for 48 h exhibited either a unimodal, bimodal, or trimodal response to tensile loading. Varying G/O from 10:1 to 2:1 resulted in significant increases in the peak stress (0.26-4.01 MPa), preyield modulus (0.65-62.59 MPa), failure to strain (64-110%), and failure toughness (0.1-0.56 MPa). This demonstrates that altering the G/O ratio over a narrow compositional range provides biomaterials with widely different yet tunable mechanical properties. Further investigation of PGOS-0.75:0.25:1.0 films revealed that varying the cure conditions from 120 to 160 °C for periods of 24-72 h provides access to biomaterials with a failure strain range from 15 to 224% and Young's modulus from 1.17 to 10.85 MPa. Hence, using the dual variables of compositional variation and changes in cure conditions provides an exciting platform for PGS analogues to optimize material-tissue interactions. Increased contents of 1,8-octanediol slowed in vitro degradation. Slowed degradation of PGOS relative to PGS will be valuable for use in slower healing wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kening Lang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Ha'Ani-Belle Quichocho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Sarah P Black
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Michael T K Bramson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Department of Biology and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - David T Corr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Richard A Gross
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States.,Department of Biology and Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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9
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10
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Archer WR, Dinges GE, MacNicol PL, Schulz MD. Synthesis of bottlebrush polymers based on poly( N-sulfonyl aziridine) macromonomers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01125e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized bottlebrush polymers with polyaziridine brushes and a polynorbornene backbone by a grafting-through approach. The polyaziridine macromonomer aggregates in solution, but these aggregates disperse over the course of the polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Archer
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Grace E. Dinges
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Piper L. MacNicol
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Michael D. Schulz
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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11
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Ma K, Jin X, Gan W, Fan C, Gao H. Chain-growth click copolymerization for the synthesis of branched copolymers with tunable branching densities. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01635k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile synthesis of branched polymers with regulated molecular weights, low dispersity and freely tuned branching densities is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangling Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, USA
| | - Xiuyu Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, USA
| | - Weiping Gan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, USA
| | - Chengkai Fan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, USA
| | - Haifeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, USA
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12
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Lee SH, Seo JH, Shin E, Joo SH, Buyukcakir O, Jiang Y, Kim M, Nam H, Kwak SK, Ruoff RS. Structural analysis of hyperbranched polyhydrocarbon synthesized by electrochemical polymerization. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00756h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structure of a hyperbranched polyhydrocarbon obtained by electrochemical polymerization was analyzed by various NMR techniques and modeling. The calculated physical properties from its bulk model system well matched with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hwa Lee
- Center for Multidimentional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Seo
- Center for Multidimentional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Shin
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hun Joo
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Onur Buyukcakir
- Center for Multidimentional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Jiang
- Center for Multidimentional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyeok Kim
- Center for Multidimentional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Nam
- Center for Multidimentional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Kwak
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Rodney S. Ruoff
- Center for Multidimentional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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13
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Dayal P, Misra N, Khewle S, Singh RA. On the Role of Half-Catalan Numbers and Pathwidth in Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesized by AB m Step Polymerization. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratyush Dayal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Neeldhara Misra
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Surbhi Khewle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Ravi Anand Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
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14
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Yadav I, Al Sulaiman D, Soh BW, Doyle PS. Phase Transition of Catenated DNA Networks in Poly(ethylene glycol) Solutions. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1429-1435. [PMID: 35549007 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Conformational phase transitions of macromolecules are an important class of problems in fundamental polymer physics. While the conformational phase transitions of linear DNA have been extensively studied, this feature of topologically complex DNA remains unexplored. We report herein the polymer-and-salt-induced (Ψ) phase transition of 2D catenated DNA networks, called kinetoplasts, using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. We observe that kinetoplasts can undergo a reversible transition from the flat phase to the collapsed phase in the presence of NaCl as a function of the crowding agent poly(ethylene glycol). The nature of this phase transition is tunable through varying ionic strengths. For linear DNA, the coexistence of coil and globule phases was attributed to a first order phase transition associated with a double well potential in the transition regime. Kinetoplasts, however, navigate from the flat to the collapsed phase by passing through an intermediate regime, characterized by the coexistence of a multipopulation with varying shapes and sizes. Conformations of individual molecules in the multipopulation are long-lived, which suggests a rugged energy landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indresh Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dana Al Sulaiman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Beatrice W. Soh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Patrick S. Doyle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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15
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Additive manufacturing of strong silica sand structures enabled by polyethyleneimine binder. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5144. [PMID: 34446713 PMCID: PMC8390701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Binder Jet Additive Manufacturing (BJAM) is a versatile AM technique that can form parts from a variety of powdered materials including metals, ceramics, and polymers. BJAM utilizes inkjet printing to selectively bind these powder particles together to form complex geometries. Adoption of BJAM has been limited due to its inability to form strong green parts using conventional binders. We report the discovery of a versatile polyethyleneimine (PEI) binder for silica sand that doubled the flexural strength of parts to 6.28 MPa compared with that of the conventional binder, making it stronger than unreinforced concrete (~4.5 MPa) in flexural loading. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PEI in the printed parts can be reacted with ethyl cyanoacrylate through a secondary infiltration, resulting in an increase in flexural strength to 52.7 MPa. The strong printed parts coupled with the ability for sacrificial washout presents potential to revolutionize AM in various applications including construction and tooling.
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16
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Li S, Cui Y, Li J. Thiol‐terminated hyperbranched polymer for
DLP 3D
printing: Performance evaluation of a low shrinkage photosensitive resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songyi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Yihua Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
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Voeten RC, van de Put B, Jordens J, Mengerink Y, Peters RAH, Haselberg R, Somsen GW. Probing Polyester Branching by Hybrid Trapped Ion-Mobility Spectrometry-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1498-1507. [PMID: 33988368 PMCID: PMC8176450 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Trapped ion-mobility spectrometry combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TIMS-QTOFMS) was evaluated as a tool for resolving linear and branched isomeric polyester oligomers. Solutions of polyester samples were infused directly into the ion source employing electrospray ionization (ESI). TIMS-MS provides both mobility and m/z data on the formed ions, allowing construction of extracted-ion mobilograms (EIMs). EIMs of polyester molecules showed multimodal patterns, indicating conformational differences among isomers. Subsequent TIMS-MS/MS experiments indicated mobility differences to be caused by (degree of) branching. These assignments were supported by liquid chromatography-TIMS-MS/MS analysis, confirming that direct TIMS-MS provided fast (500 ms/scan) distinction between linear and branched small oligomers. Observing larger oligomers (up to 3000 Da) using TIMS required additional molecular charging to ensure ion entrapment within the mobility window. Molecular supercharging was achieved using m-nitrobenzyl alcohol (NBA). The additional charges on the oligomer structures enhanced mobility separation of isomeric species but also added to the complexity of the obtained fragmentation mass spectra. This complexity could be partly reduced by post-TIMS analyte-decharging applying collision-induced dissociation (CID) prior to Q1 with subsequent isolation of the singly charged ions for further fragmentation. The as-obtained EIM profiles were still quite complex as larger molecules possess more possible structural isomers. Nevertheless, distinguishing between linear and symmetrically branched oligomers was possible based on measured differences in collisional cross sections (CCSs). The established TIMS-QTOFMS approach reliably allows branching information on isomeric polyester molecules up to 3000 Da to be obtained in less than 1 min analysis time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert
L. C. Voeten
- Division
of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life
Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- TI-COAST, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre
for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram van de Put
- TI-COAST, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre
for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Jordens
- DSM
Materials Science Center, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Ynze Mengerink
- DSM
Materials Science Center, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A. H. Peters
- Centre
for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- DSM
Resins & Functional Materials, Analytical
Technology Centre, Sluisweg
12, 5145 PE Waalwijk, The Netherlands
- HIMS-Analytical
Chemistry Group, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Haselberg
- Division
of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life
Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre
for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Govert W. Somsen
- Division
of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life
Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre
for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Structure adjustment for enhancing the water permeability and separation selectivity of the thin film composite nanofiltration membrane based on a dendritic hyperbranched polymer. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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19
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Ma Y, Yang HM, Chen ZH, Li YN, Li JF, Sun XL, Wang XY, Tang Y. Highly branched polymethacrylates prepared efficiently: brancher-directed topology and application performance. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01273h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of highly oil-soluble and branched polymethacrylates are prepared via ATRcP of 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate and divinyl brancher with high efficiency, focusing on the brancher effect on the structure-performance of the polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ya-Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun-Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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20
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Jangizehi A, Schmid F, Besenius P, Kremer K, Seiffert S. Defects and defect engineering in Soft Matter. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:10809-10859. [PMID: 33306078 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01371d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Soft matter covers a wide range of materials based on linear or branched polymers, gels and rubbers, amphiphilic (macro)molecules, colloids, and self-assembled structures. These materials have applications in various industries, all highly important for our daily life, and they control all biological functions; therefore, controlling and tailoring their properties is crucial. One way to approach this target is defect engineering, which aims to control defects in the material's structure, and/or to purposely add defects into it to trigger specific functions. While this approach has been a striking success story in crystalline inorganic hard matter, both for mechanical and electronic properties, and has also been applied to organic hard materials, defect engineering is rarely used in soft matter design. In this review, we present a survey on investigations on defects and/or defect engineering in nine classes of soft matter composed of liquid crystals, colloids, linear polymers with moderate degree of branching, hyperbranched polymers and dendrimers, conjugated polymers, polymeric networks, self-assembled amphiphiles and proteins, block copolymers and supramolecular polymers. This overview proposes a promising role of this approach for tuning the properties of soft matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Jangizehi
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Department of Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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21
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Maiz J, Verde-Sesto E, Asenjo-Sanz I, Fouquet P, Porcar L, Pomposo JA, de Molina PM, Arbe A, Colmenero J. Collective Motions and Mechanical Response of a Bulk of Single-Chain Nano-Particles Synthesized by Click-Chemistry. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E50. [PMID: 33375589 PMCID: PMC7795070 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the effect of intra-molecular cross-links on the properties of polymer bulks. To do this, we apply a combination of thermal, rheological, diffraction, and neutron spin echo experiments covering the inter-molecular as well as the intermediate length scales to melts of single-chain nano-particles (SCNPs) obtained through 'click' chemistry. The comparison with the results obtained in a bulk of the corresponding linear precursor chains (prior to intra-molecular reaction) and in a bulk of SCNPs obtained through azide photodecomposition process shows that internal cross-links do not influence the average inter-molecular distances in the melt, but have a profound impact at intermediate length scales. This manifests in the structure, through the emergence of heterogeneities at nanometric scale, and also in the dynamics, leading to a more complex relaxation behavior including processes that allow relaxation of the internal domains. The influence of the nature of the internal bonds is reflected in the structural relaxation that is slowed down if bulky cross-linking agents are used. We also found that any residual amount of cross-links is critical for the rheological behavior, which can vary from an almost entanglement-free polymer bulk to a gel. The presence of such inter-molecular cross-links additionally hinders the decay of density fluctuations at intermediate length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Maiz
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (E.V.-S.); (I.A.-S.); (J.A.P.); (P.M.d.M.); (A.A.); (J.C.)
- IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ester Verde-Sesto
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (E.V.-S.); (I.A.-S.); (J.A.P.); (P.M.d.M.); (A.A.); (J.C.)
| | - Isabel Asenjo-Sanz
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (E.V.-S.); (I.A.-S.); (J.A.P.); (P.M.d.M.); (A.A.); (J.C.)
| | - Peter Fouquet
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CEDEX 9, 38042 Grenoble, France; (P.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CEDEX 9, 38042 Grenoble, France; (P.F.); (L.P.)
| | - José A. Pomposo
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (E.V.-S.); (I.A.-S.); (J.A.P.); (P.M.d.M.); (A.A.); (J.C.)
- IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Paula Malo de Molina
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (E.V.-S.); (I.A.-S.); (J.A.P.); (P.M.d.M.); (A.A.); (J.C.)
- IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Arantxa Arbe
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (E.V.-S.); (I.A.-S.); (J.A.P.); (P.M.d.M.); (A.A.); (J.C.)
| | - Juan Colmenero
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM) (CSIC-UPV/EHU)-Materials Physics Center (MPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (E.V.-S.); (I.A.-S.); (J.A.P.); (P.M.d.M.); (A.A.); (J.C.)
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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22
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Zheng L, Luo Y, Chen K, Zhang Z, Chen G. Highly Branched Gradient Glycopolymer: Enzyme-Assisted Synthesis and Enhanced Bacteria-Binding Ability. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:5233-5240. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zheng
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Yan Luo
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Kui Chen
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Zexin Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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23
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Golba B, Benetti EM, De Geest BG. Biomaterials applications of cyclic polymers. Biomaterials 2020; 267:120468. [PMID: 33120171 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic polymers are an intriguing class of polymers due to their lack of chain ends. This unique architecture combined with steric constraints adorn cyclic polymers as well as nano-, micro- and macro-scale materials containing cyclic polymers with distinctive physicochemical properties which can have a profound effect on the performance of these materials in a wide range of applications. Within a biomedical context, biomaterials based on cyclic polymers have shown very distinct properties in terms of biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, drug/gene delivery efficiency and surface activity. This review summarizes the applications of cyclic polymers in the field of biomaterials and highlights their potential in the biomedical field as well as addressing future challenges in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Golba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Biointerfaces, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bruno G De Geest
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.
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24
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Perin GB, Felisberti MI. Enzymatic Synthesis of Poly(glycerol sebacate): Kinetics, Chain Growth, and Branching Behavior. Macromolecules 2020; 53:7925-7935. [PMID: 32981969 PMCID: PMC7513468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni B. Perin
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria I. Felisberti
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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25
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Peterson GI, Ko W, Hwang YJ, Choi TL. Mechanochemical Degradation of Amorphous Polymers with Ball-Mill Grinding: Influence of the Glass Transition Temperature. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory I. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Jin Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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26
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Chen SQ, He C, Song G, Li L, Li HJ, Haleem A, He WD. Kinetically controlled cyclization in step-growth polymerization of AB2 macromonomer: Role of molar mass of macromonomer. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Suburu MEG, Cecchi F, D'Accorso N, Cukiernik FD. Mesomorphic properties of linear and branched new triphenylene‐based poly(ester‐ether)s. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matias E. G. Suburu
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física and CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Florencia Cecchi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física and CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Norma D'Accorso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica and CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones sobre Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Fabio Daniel Cukiernik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física and CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE) Buenos Aires Argentina
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28
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29
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Wetzel R, Eckardt O, Biehl P, Brauer DS, Schacher FH. Effect of poly(acrylic acid) architecture on setting and mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements. Dent Mater 2020; 36:377-386. [PMID: 31992486 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work focuses on the influence of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) architecture (linear or branched) on setting behavior and compressive strength of glass ionomer cements (GICs). METHODS Branched and linear poly(acrylic acid)s were synthesized according to the Strathclyde methodology or by free radical polymerization. They were characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography to determine their molecular weight and size distribution. GIC setting was characterized by oscillating rheometry and time-dependent FTIR spectroscopy. In addition, compressive strength was tested on cylindrical samples (6 × 4 mm; n = 8/cement composition) after storage in deionized water at 37 °C for one day. RESULTS We used two different routes to prepare PAA. One direct route in order to provide straightforward access to branched PAA and a two-step approach in order to get more control about the PAA molecular weight using tert-butyl acrylate (tBA) for polymerization with subsequent deprotection. Using the second approach we obtained several linear PAA of which a mixture was used in order to mimic the molecular weight and size distribution of branched PAA. This allowed the direct comparison of properties relying only on the polymer architecture. Comparing linear PAA to branched samples in general led to faster setting but at the same time decreased the compressive strength. Increasing molecular weight of branched PAA resulted in even faster GIC setting while increasing compressive strength and this correlates well with the trends reported for linear PAA in literature. Mixing of branched and linear PAA, however, turned out to be an effective way of tailoring GIC properties. SIGNIFICANCE our results suggest that both molecular weight and dispersity need to be considered when choosing suitable PAA architecture for obtaining specific GIC properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wetzel
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University, Fraunhoferstr. 6, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - O Eckardt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D 07443 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - P Biehl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D 07443 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - D S Brauer
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University, Fraunhoferstr. 6, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - F H Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, D 07443 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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30
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Abstract
Highly efficient synthesis of multifunctional initiators based on cyclodextrin (CD) cores was achieved by a thiol–ene photoclick strategy. They were successfully employed in a “core-first” approach to prepare multiarm star polymers via ATRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yi
- Department of Chemistry
- Indiana University
- Bloomington
- USA
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31
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Xiang L, Song Y, Qiu M, Su Y. Synthesis of Branched Poly(butyl acrylate) Using the Strathclyde Method in Continuous-Flow Microreactors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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32
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Smith WC, Geisler M, Lederer A, Williams SKR. Thermal Field-Flow Fractionation for Characterization of Architecture in Hyperbranched Aromatic-Aliphatic Polyesters with Controlled Branching. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12344-12351. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William C. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Martin Geisler
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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33
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Sun H, Haque FM, Zhang Y, Commisso A, Mohamed MA, Tsianou M, Cui H, Grayson SM, Cheng C. Linear-Dendritic Alternating Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10572-10576. [PMID: 31141618 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the design, synthesis, and characterization of an unprecedented copolymer consisting of alternating linear and dendritic segments is described. First, a 4th-generation Hawker-type dendron with two azide groups was synthesized, followed by a step-growth azide-alkyne "click" reaction between the 4th-generation diazido dendron and poly(ethylene glycol) diacetylene to create the target polymers. Unequal reactivity of the functional groups was observed in the step-growth polymerization. The resulting copolymers, with alternating hydrophilic linear and hydrophobic dendritic segments, can spontaneously associate into a unique type of microphase-segregated nanorods in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Farihah M Haque
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Alex Commisso
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Mohamed Alaa Mohamed
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Marina Tsianou
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Scott M Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Chong Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
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34
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Sun H, Haque FM, Zhang Y, Commisso A, Mohamed MA, Tsianou M, Cui H, Grayson SM, Cheng C. Linear‐Dendritic Alternating Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Farihah M. Haque
- Department of Chemistry Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Alex Commisso
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Mohamed Alaa Mohamed
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
- Department of Chemistry Mansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Marina Tsianou
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Scott M. Grayson
- Department of Chemistry Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 USA
| | - Chong Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260 USA
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Zhao P, Wang L, Wu Y, Yang T, Ding Y, Yang HG, Hu A. Hyperbranched Conjugated Polymer Dots: The Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity for Visible Light-Driven Hydrogen Production. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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36
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Mohseni M, Akbari S, Pajootan E, Mazaheri F. Amine-terminated dendritic polymers as a multifunctional chelating agent for heavy metal ion removals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:12689-12697. [PMID: 30877542 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, amine-terminated hyperbranched PAMAM (polyamidoamine) polymer (AT-HBP) was synthesized as a multifunctional chelating agent to remove two heavy metal ions (Cr(III) and Cu(II)) from the simulated wastewater solutions. The AT-HBP was characterized by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) analysis. The removal process was carried out in two different methods, centrifuged process and ultrafiltration. The concentration of heavy metal ions before and after removal was measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) instrument. The removal processes were evaluated by changing different parameters such as solution pH, AT-HBP dosage, and metal ion concentration. To evaluate the extend of binding of heavy metal ions in the presence of AT-HBP the presence of salt in the solution was also examined on the performance of the removal system. The overall results indicated that removal percentages higher than 98% for Cr(III) and 86% for Cu(II) were achieved for heavy metal concentrations of 100 mg/L for both removal process methods. Furthermore, the function of second generation of polypropylenimine (PPI) was compared to AT-HBP. The results reveal that the removal of Cr(III) and Cu(II) ions by AT-HBP were approximately 20% and 10% higher compared to PPI, respectively. Finally, hyperbranched dendritic polymer with lower expenses to synthesize compared to dendrimer underlined favorable properties as a multifunctional chelating agent and enhancement of ultrafiltration process for wastewater treatment. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Mohseni
- Textile Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Polytechnic Tehran), 424 Hafez Ave, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Somaye Akbari
- Textile Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Polytechnic Tehran), 424 Hafez Ave, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran.
| | - Elmira Pajootan
- Textile Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Polytechnic Tehran), 424 Hafez Ave, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Firuzmehr Mazaheri
- Textile Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Polytechnic Tehran), 424 Hafez Ave, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
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37
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Yang L, Schoenfisch MH. Nitric oxide-releasing hyperbranched polyaminoglycosides for antibacterial therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:1066-1073. [PMID: 32309793 PMCID: PMC7164780 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hyperbranched polyaminoglycosides were prepared by the polymerization of kanamycin, gentamicin, and neomycin, and N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) via a one-pot reaction. The secondary amines at the linear units of the hyperbranched polymers were subsequently reacted with NO gas at high pressure under alkaline conditions to form N-diazeniumdiolate NO donors. The resulting NO-releasing hyperbranched polyaminoglycosides exhibited a wide range of NO payloads (~0.4-1.3 µmol mg-1) and release kinetics (half-lives ~70-180 min). The therapeutic utility of these materials was evaluated by examining their bactericidal activity against common dental pathogens and toxicity to human gingival fibroblast cells. The antibacterial efficacy of NO-releasing hyperbranched polyaminoglycosides was dependent on specific physiochemical properties, with greater degrees of branching and aminoglycoside terminal groups correlating to enhanced action. Nitric oxide-releasing hyperbranched polykanamycin and polyneomycin elicited the least cytotoxicity at bactericidal concentrations, indicating the greatest therapeutic index for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Mark H. Schoenfisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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38
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Pannuzzo M, Tilton RD, Deserno M. Responsive behavior of a branched-chain polymer network: a molecular dynamics study. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:6485-6495. [PMID: 30043771 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02096a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Smart polymer hydrogels, which can undergo structural and volume phase transitions in response to external stimuli, have gained much attention for their widespread technological applications. Compared to linear polymers, branched chains offer more extensive opportunities to rationally design functional materials, since they permit more extensive structural tunability-for instance by adjusting the balance between hydrophobic and hydrophilic units, the grafting fraction of backbone monomers, or the side chain length, topology, and solubility. Here we conduct coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to assess how well generic physical principles capture this complex interplay of tuning parameters, specifically when building networks from complex branched chains with a hydrophobic backbone. Swollen chains collapse upon reducing side chain solubility, length, and grafting density, but neither the sharpness of this transition nor its dynamic range, if measured via chain extension, depends monotonically on these parameters. Networks comprising such chains are more swollen and exhibit even sharper transitions, but their higher responsiveness goes along with a swelling ratio that falls behind that of single chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pannuzzo
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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39
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Xu H, Li J, Wang L, Fu R, Cheng R, Wang S, Zhang J. Purification and characterization of a highly viscous polysaccharide produced by Paenibacillus strain. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Habibu S, Sarih NM, Mainal A. Synthesis and characterisation of highly branched polyisoprene: exploiting the "Strathclyde route" in anionic polymerisation. RSC Adv 2018; 8:11684-11692. [PMID: 35542803 PMCID: PMC9079075 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00884a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed at developing a synthetic route towards highly branched poly(isoprene) from commercially available raw materials, in good yield and devoid of microgelation, i.e., to prepare a completely soluble polymer via the versatile technique anionic polymerisation. The polymerisations were conducted under high vacuum conditions using sec-butyllithium as initiator at 50 °C in toluene. Toluene served both as a solvent and as a chain-transfer agent. The polar modifier used was tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), and a commercial mixture of divinylbenzene (DVB) was employed as the branching agent for the "living" poly(isoprenyl)lithium anions. The nature of the reaction was studied on the TMEDA/Li ratio as well as the DVB/Li ratio. The obtained branched polymers were characterised by triple detection size exclusion chromatography (SEC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and melt rheology. Broad molecular weight distributions have been obtained for the highly branched polymer products. 1H NMR spectroscopy reveals the dominance of 3,4-polyisoprene microstructure. It was found that the complex viscosities and dynamic moduli of the branched samples were much lower compared to their linear counterparts. The results conform with earlier findings by the "Strathclyde team" for radical polymerisation systems. This methodology has the potential of providing soluble branched vinyl polymers at low cost using the readily available raw materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehu Habibu
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Dutse PMB 7651 Jigawa State Nigeria
| | - Norazilawati Muhamad Sarih
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Azizah Mainal
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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41
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Jeon IY, Noh HJ, Baek JB. Hyperbranched Macromolecules: From Synthesis to Applications. Molecules 2018; 23:E657. [PMID: 29538327 PMCID: PMC6017023 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperbranched macromolecules (HMs, also called hyperbranched polymers) are highly branched three-dimensional (3D) structures in which all bonds converge to a focal point or core, and which have a multiplicity of reactive chain-ends. This review summarizes major types of synthetic strategies exploited to produce HMs, including the step-growth polycondensation, the self-condensing vinyl polymerization and ring opening polymerization. Compared to linear analogues, the globular and dendritic architectures of HMs endow new characteristics, such as abundant functional groups, intramolecular cavities, low viscosity, and high solubility. After discussing the general concepts, synthesis, and properties, various applications of HMs are also covered. HMs continue being materials for topical interest, and thus this review offers both concise summary for those new to the topic and for those with more experience in the field of HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Yup Jeon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Hyuk-Jun Noh
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Korea.
| | - Jong-Beom Baek
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering/Center for Dimension-Controllable Organic Frameworks, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Korea.
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42
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Canning SL, Ferner JMF, Mangham NM, Wear TJ, Reynolds SW, Morgan J, Fairclough JPA, King SM, Swift T, Geoghegan M, Rimmer S. Highly-ordered onion micelles made from amphiphilic highly-branched copolymers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00800k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Uniform onion micelles formed from up to ten nano-structured polymer layers were produced by the aqueous self-assembly of highly-branched copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Canning
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- UK
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Sheffield
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen M. King
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron & Muon Source
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Didcot
- UK
| | - Tom Swift
- Department of Chemistry and Biosciences
- University of Bradford
- Bradford BD7 1DP
- UK
| | - Mark Geoghegan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Sheffield
- UK
| | - Stephen Rimmer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- UK
- Department of Chemistry and Biosciences
- University of Bradford
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43
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Perala SK, Ramakrishnan S. Effect of Spacer Stiffness on the Properties of Hyperbranched Polymers. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Perala
- Department of Inorganic and
Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - S. Ramakrishnan
- Department of Inorganic and
Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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44
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Ban Q, Chen H, Yan Y, Tian N, Kong J. Tunable intramolecular cyclization and glass transition temperature of hyperbranched polymers by regulating monomer reactivity. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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45
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Schubert C, Schömer M, Steube M, Decker S, Friedrich C, Frey H. Systematic Variation of the Degree of Branching (DB) of Polyglycerol via Oxyanionic Copolymerization of Glycidol with a Protected Glycidyl Ether and Its Impact on Rheological Properties. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schubert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF); Albert-Ludwig-University; Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Martina Schömer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Marvin Steube
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Stefan Decker
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF); Albert-Ludwig-University; Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Christian Friedrich
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF); Albert-Ludwig-University; Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Johannes Gutenberg-University; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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46
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Im SH, Jung Y, Kim SH. Current status and future direction of biodegradable metallic and polymeric vascular scaffolds for next-generation stents. Acta Biomater 2017; 60:3-22. [PMID: 28716610 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Because of the increasing incidence of coronary artery disease, the importance of cardiovascular stents has continuously increased as a treatment of this disease. Biodegradable scaffolds fabricated from polymers and metals have emerged as promising materials for vascular stents because of their biodegradability. Although such stent framework materials have shown good clinical efficacy, it is difficult to decide whether polymers or metals are better vascular scaffolds because their properties are different. Therefore, there are still obstacles in the development of biodegradable vascular scaffolds in terms of improving clinical efficacy. This review analyzes the pros and cons of current stent materials with respect to five key factors for next-generation stent and discusses methods of improvement. Furthermore, we discuss biodegradable electronic stents with electrical conductivity, which has been considered unimportant until now, and highlight electrical conductivity as a key factor in the development of next-generation stents.
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47
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Solubilization of phenols by multimolecular aggregates formed by low molecular weight hyperbranched polyglycidol. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Bae S, Galant O, Diesendruck CE, Silberstein MN. Tailoring single chain polymer nanoparticle thermo-mechanical behavior by cross-link density. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:2808-2816. [PMID: 28345097 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Single chain polymer nanoparticles (SCPNs) are formed from intrachain cross-linking of a single polymer chain, making SCPN distinct from other polymer nanoparticles for which the shape is predefined before polymerization. The degree of cross-linking in large part determines the internal architecture of the SCPNs and therefore their mechanical and thermomechanical properties. Here, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study thermomechanical behavior of individual SCPNs with different underlying structures by varying the ratio of cross-linking and the degree of polymerization. We characterize the particles in terms of shape, structure, glass transition temperature, mobility, and stress response to compressive loading. The results indicate that the constituent monomers of SCPNs become less mobile as the degree of cross-linking is increased corresponding to lower diffusivity and higher stress at a given temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwon Bae
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, NY14850, USA.
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49
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Zhu W, Zhang L, Chen Y, Zhang K. A UV-Cleavable Bottlebrush Polymer with o
-Nitrobenzyl-Linked Side Chains. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Liangcai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yongming Chen
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education; School of Materials Science and Engineering; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
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50
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Lau CC, Bayazit MK, Knowles JC, Tang J. Tailoring degree of esterification and branching of poly(glycerol sebacate) by energy efficient microwave irradiation. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00862g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A branched poly(glycerol sebacate) prepolymer has been successfully synthesised via single mode microwave irradiation with an improved reaction rate and controllable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ching Lau
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London WC1E 7JE
- UK
| | | | - Jonathan Campbell Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute
- London
- UK
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine
| | - Junwang Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London WC1E 7JE
- UK
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