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PET/Graphene Nanocomposite Fibers Obtained by Dry-Jet Wet-Spinning for Conductive Textiles. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051245. [PMID: 36904485 PMCID: PMC10007137 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), one of the most used polymers in the textile industry, with graphene, one of the most outstanding conductive materials in recent years, represents a promising strategy for the preparation of conductive textiles. This study focuses on the preparation of mechanically stable and conductive polymer textiles and describes the preparation of PET/graphene fibers by the dry-jet wet-spinning method from nanocomposite solutions in trifluoroacetic acid. Nanoindentation results show that the addition of a small amount of graphene (2 wt.%) to the glassy PET fibers produces a significant modulus and hardness enhancement (≈10%) that can be partly attributed to the intrinsic mechanical properties of graphene but also to the promotion of crystallinity. Higher graphene loadings up to 5 wt.% are found to produce additional mechanical improvements up to ≈20% that can be merely attributed to the superior properties of the filler. Moreover, the nanocomposite fibers display an electrical conductivity percolation threshold over 2 wt.% approaching ≈0.2 S/cm for the largest graphene loading. Finally, bending tests on the nanocomposite fibers show that the good electrical conductivity can be preserved under cyclic mechanical loading.
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2
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Physicochemical Modifications on Thin Films of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) and Its Nanocomposite with Expanded Graphite Nanostructured by Ultraviolet and Infrared Femtosecond Laser Irradiation. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235243. [PMID: 36501637 PMCID: PMC9737047 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the formation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) on the surfaces of thin films of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and PET reinforced with expanded graphite (EG) was studied. Laser irradiation was carried out by ultraviolet (265 nm) and near-infrared (795 nm) femtosecond laser pulses, and LIPSS were formed in both materials. In all cases, LIPSS had a period close to the irradiation wavelength and were formed parallel to the polarization of the laser beam, although, in the case of UV irradiation, differences in the formation range were observed due to the different thermal properties of the neat polymer in comparison to the composite. To monitor the modification of the physicochemical properties of the surfaces after irradiation as a function of the laser wavelength and of the presence of the filler, different techniques were used. Contact angle measurements were carried out using different reference liquids to measure the wettability and the solid surface free energies. The initially hydrophilic surfaces became more hydrophilic after ultraviolet irradiation, while they evolved to become hydrophobic under near-infrared laser irradiation. The values of the surface free energy components showed changes after nanostructuring, mainly in the polar component. Additionally, for UV-irradiated surfaces, adhesion, determined by the colloidal probe technique, increased, while, for NIR irradiation, adhesion decreased. Finally, nanomechanical properties were measured by the PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping method, obtaining maps of elastic modulus, adhesion, and deformation. The results showed an increase in the elastic modulus in the PET/EG, confirming the reinforcing action of the EG in the polymer matrix. Additionally, an increase in the elastic modulus was observed after LIPSS formation.
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3
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Influence of Rigid Segment Type on Copoly(ether-ester) Properties. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164614. [PMID: 34443139 PMCID: PMC8401431 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The growing ecological awareness of society created the tendency to replace petrochemically based materials with alternative energy carriers and renewable raw materials. One of the most requested groups of polymer materials with significant technological importance is thermoplastic elastomers (TPE). They combine the properties of elastomers such as flexibility with the typical properties of thermoplastics, like easy processing. Herein, one compares the influence of rigid segments on the properties of copoly(ester-ether). Thermoplastic polyesters based on bio-1,6-hexanediol and terephthalic (T), furanic (F), and napthalate (N) diesters, i.e., PHT, PHF, and PHN, were obtained employing melt polycondensation. Additionally, to grant elastic properties of polyesters, systems containing 50 wt.% of bio-based polyTHF®1000 (pTHF) with a molecular mass of 1000 g/mol, have been prepared. The composition and chemical structure have been determined by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The temperatures corresponding to phase transition changes were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) analyses. The crystalline structure was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Additionally, the influence of pTHF–rich segment on the tensile properties, water absorption, as well as thermal and thermo-oxidative stability, has been analyzed. It was found that incorporation of soft phase allows creation of thermoplastic elastomers with tensile characteristics comparable to the commercially available ones, by means of elongation at break higher than 500%, low values of tensile modulus, without exhibiting yield point.
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Taraghi I, Paszkiewicz S, Irska I, Szymczyk A, Linares A, Ezquerra TA, Kurcz M, Winkowska‐Struzik M, Lipińska L, Kowiorski K, Piesowicz E. Thin polymer films based on poly(vinyl alcohol) containing graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide with functional properties. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Taraghi
- Department of Materials Technologies West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin Poland
| | - Sandra Paszkiewicz
- Department of Materials Technologies West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin Poland
| | - Izabela Irska
- Department of Materials Technologies West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin Poland
| | - Anna Szymczyk
- Department of Physics West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin Poland
| | - Amelia Linares
- Macromolecular Physics Department Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM‐CSIC Madrid Spain
| | - Tiberio A. Ezquerra
- Macromolecular Physics Department Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM‐CSIC Madrid Spain
| | - Magdalena Kurcz
- Department of Chemical Synthesis and Flake Graphene Institute of Electronic Materials Technology Warsaw Poland
| | - Magdalena Winkowska‐Struzik
- Department of Chemical Synthesis and Flake Graphene Institute of Electronic Materials Technology Warsaw Poland
| | - Ludwika Lipińska
- Department of Chemical Synthesis and Flake Graphene Institute of Electronic Materials Technology Warsaw Poland
| | - Krystian Kowiorski
- Department of Chemical Synthesis and Flake Graphene Institute of Electronic Materials Technology Warsaw Poland
| | - Elżbieta Piesowicz
- Department of Materials Technologies West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin Poland
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5
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Wang Z, Tan KK, Lam YC. Electrical Resistance Reduction Induced with CO 2 Laser Single Line Scan of Polyimide. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12030227. [PMID: 33668402 PMCID: PMC7996134 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a laser parameter study on CO2 laser induced electrical conductivity on a polyimide film. The induced electrical conductivity was found to occur dominantly at the center of the scanning line instead of uniformly across the whole line width. MicroRaman examination revealed that the conductivity was mainly a result of the multi-layers (4–5) of graphene structure induced at the laser irradiation line center. The graphene morphology at the line center appeared as thin wall porous structures together with nano level fiber structures. With sufficient energy dose per unit length and laser power, this surface modification for electrical conductivity was independent of laser pulse frequency but was instead determined by the average laser power. High electrical conductivity could be achieved by a single scan of laser beam at a sufficiently high-power level. To achieve high conductivity, it was not efficient nor effective to utilize a laser at low power but compensating it with a slower scanning speed or having multiple scans. The electrical resistance over a 10 mm scanned length decreased significantly from a few hundred Ohms to 30 Ohms when energy dose per unit length increased from 0.16 J/mm to 1.0 J/mm, i.e., the laser power increased from 5.0 W to 24 W with corresponding power density of 3.44 × 10 W/cm2 to 16.54 W/cm2 respectively at a speed of 12.5 mm/s for a single pass scan. In contrast, power below 5 W at speeds exceeding 22.5 mm/s resulted in a non-conductive open loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongke Wang
- SIMTech-NTU Joint Laboratory (Precision Machining), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore;
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (Y.C.L.)
| | - Kok Keat Tan
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore;
| | - Yee Cheong Lam
- SIMTech-NTU Joint Laboratory (Precision Machining), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (Y.C.L.)
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6
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Sahoo A, Gayathri HN, Phanindra Sai T, Upasani PS, Raje V, Berkmans J, Ghosh A. Enhancement of thermal and mechanical properties of few layer boron nitride reinforced PET composite. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:315706. [PMID: 32289757 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab88ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate-based nanocomposites with hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (BNNs) were prepared by a solution casting method with varying concentrations of BNNs from 0.5 wt% to 4 wt%. Melting and crystallization behaviour of the composites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, which suggests that with increasing presence of nanosheets, the crystallinity increases and hence the polyethylene terephthalate chain mobility gets restricted, which leads to suppression of crystal growth. The nanoindentation measurements on the composite films exhibit improved mechanical properties. Enhancement of 33.3% of elastic modulus and 32.4% of hardness was observed with 2 wt% infusion of boron nitride nanosheets in polyethylene terephthalate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Sahoo
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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7
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Paszkiewicz S, Taraghi I, Pawlikowska D, Szymczyk A, Irska I, Stanik R, Linares A, Ezquerra TA, Piesowicz E. Influence of hybrid system of nanofillers on the functional properties of postconsumer PET‐G–based nanocomposites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Paszkiewicz
- Institute of Material Science and EngineeringWest Pomeranian University of Technology Piastow Av. 19 Szczecin Poland
| | - Iman Taraghi
- Institute of Material Science and EngineeringWest Pomeranian University of Technology Piastow Av. 19 Szczecin Poland
| | - Daria Pawlikowska
- Institute of Material Science and EngineeringWest Pomeranian University of Technology Piastow Av. 19 Szczecin Poland
| | - Anna Szymczyk
- Institute of PhysicsWest Pomeranian University of Technology Piastow Av. 48 Szczecin Poland
| | - Izabela Irska
- Institute of Material Science and EngineeringWest Pomeranian University of Technology Piastow Av. 19 Szczecin Poland
| | - Rafal Stanik
- Institute of Lightweight Engineering and Polymer TechnologyTechnische Universität Dresden Holbeinstraße 3 Dresden Germany
| | - Amelia Linares
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM)CSIC Serrano 121 Madrid Spain
| | | | - Elżbieta Piesowicz
- Institute of Material Science and EngineeringWest Pomeranian University of Technology Piastow Av. 19 Szczecin Poland
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8
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Functional Properties of Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate)-Block-Poly(Caprolactone) Based Nanocomposites Containing Graphene Oxide (GO) and Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO). NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9101459. [PMID: 31618891 PMCID: PMC6836181 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work reports a study on the influence of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on the functional properties of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)-block-poly(caprolactone) (PTT-block-PCL-T) (75/25 wt.%/wt.%) copolymer, obtained from dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), 1,3-biopropanediol and polycaprolactone diol (PCL) via in situ polymerization. The article presents, if and how the reduction of graphene oxide, in comparison to the non-reduced one, can affect morphological, thermal, electrical and mechanical properties. SEM examination confirms/reveals the homogeneous distribution of GO/rGO nanoplatelets in the PTT-block-PCL-T copolymer matrix. More than threefold increase in the value of the tensile modulus is achieved by the addition of 1.0 wt.% of GO and rGO. Moreover, the thermal conductivity and thermal stability of the GO and rGO-based nanocomposites are also improved. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement indicates that the incorporation of GO and rGO has a remarkable impact on the crystallinity of the nanocomposites (an increase of crystallization temperature up to 58 °C for nanocomposite containing 1.0 wt.% of GO is observed). Therefore, the high performances of the PTT-block-PCL-T-based nanocomposites are mainly attributed to the uniform dispersion of nanoplatelets in the polymer matrix and strong interfacial interactions between components.
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Rodríguez-Beltrán RI, Martínez-Tong DE, Reyes-Contreras A, Paszkiewicz S, Szymczyk A, Ezquerra TA, Moreno P, Rebollar E. Laterally-resolved mechanical and tribological properties of laser-structured polymer nanocomposites. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Al Sheheri SZ, Al-Amshany ZM, Al Sulami QA, Tashkandi NY, Hussein MA, El-Shishtawy RM. The preparation of carbon nanofillers and their role on the performance of variable polymer nanocomposites. Des Monomers Polym 2019; 22:8-53. [PMID: 30833877 PMCID: PMC6394319 DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2019.1565664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
New synergic behavior is always inspiring scientists toward the formation of nanocomposites aiming at getting advanced materials with superior performance and/or novel properties. Carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene, fullerene, and graphite as carbon-based are great fillers for polymeric materials. The presence of these materials in the polymeric matrix would render it several characteristics, such as electrical and thermal conductivity, magnetic, mechanical, and as sensor materials for pressure and other environmental changes. This review presents the most recent works in the use of CNT, graphene, fullerene, and graphite as filler in different polymeric matrixes. The primary emphasis of this review is on CNT preparation and its composites formation, while others carbon-based nano-fillers are also introduced. The methods of making polymer nanocomposites using these fillers and their impact on the properties obtained are also presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soad Z. Al Sheheri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahra M. Al-Amshany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Qana A. Al Sulami
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Y. Tashkandi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Polymer Chemistry Lab. 122, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Reda M. El-Shishtawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Dyeing, Printing and Textile Auxiliaries Department, Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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11
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Seki Y. Enhancement of Electrical Conductivity of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Fabrics via Ionic Liquids. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2018.1466163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Seki
- Department of Textile Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tınaztepe Campus, Izmir, Turkey
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12
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Multifunctional Nano-engineered Polymer Surfaces with Enhanced Mechanical Resistance and Superhydrophobicity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43450. [PMID: 28262672 PMCID: PMC5337973 DOI: 10.1038/srep43450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a multifunctional polymer surface that provides superhydrophobicity and self–cleaning functions together with an enhancement in mechanical and electrical performance. These functionalities are produced by nanoimprinting high aspect ratio pillar arrays on polymeric matrix incorporating functional reinforcing elements. Two distinct matrix-filler systems are investigated specifically, Carbon Nanotube reinforced Polystyrene (CNT-PS) and Reduced Graphene Oxide reinforced Polyvinylidene Difluoride (RGO-PVDF). Mechanical characterization of the topographies by quantitative nanoindentation and nanoscratch tests are performed to evidence a considerable increase in stiffness, Young’s modulus and critical failure load with respect to the pristine polymers. The improvement on the mechanical properties is rationalized in terms of effective dispersion and penetration of the fillers into the imprinted structures as determined by confocal Raman and SEM studies. In addition, an increase in the degree of crystallization for the PVDF-RGO imprinted nanocomposite possibly accounts for the larger enhancement observed. Improvement of the mechanical ruggedness of functional textured surfaces with appropriate fillers will enable the implementation of multifunctional nanotextured materials in real applications.
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13
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Electrical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)-Graphite Nanoplatelets Nanocomposites. INT J POLYM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/6758127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) were incorporated with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) matrix by melt-compounding technique using minilab compounder to produce PET-GNP nanocomposites, and then the extruded nanocomposites were compressed using compression molding to obtain films of 1 mm thickness. Percolation threshold value was determined using percolation theory. The electrical conductivity, morphology, and thermal behaviors of these nanocomposites were investigated at different contents of GNP, that is, below, around, and above its percolation threshold value. The results demonstrated that the addition of GNP at loading >5 wt.% made electrically conductive nanocomposites. An excellent electrical conductivity of ~1 S/m was obtained at 15 wt.% of GNP loading. The nanocomposites showed a typical insulator-conductor transition with a percolation threshold value of 5.7 wt.% of GNP. In addition, increasing screw speed enhanced the conductivity of the nanocomposites above its threshold value by ~2.5 orders of magnitude; this behavior is attributed to improved dispersion of these nanoparticles into the PET matrix. Microscopies results exhibited no indication of aggregations at 2 wt.% of GNP; however, some rolling up at 6 wt.% of GNP contents was observed, indicating that a conductive network has been formed, whereas more agglomeration and rolling up could be seen as the GNP content is increased in the PET matrix. These agglomerations reduced their aspect ratio and then reduced their reinforcement efficiency. NP loading (>2 wt.%) increased degree of crystallinity and improved thermal stability of matrix slightly, suggesting that 2 wt.% of GNP is more than enough to nucleate the matrix.
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14
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Paszkiewicz S, Szymczyk A, Sui XM, Wagner HD, Linares A, Cirera A, Varea A, Ezquerra TA, Rosłaniec Z. Electrical conductivity and transparency of polymer hybrid nanocomposites based on poly(trimethylene terephthalate) containing single walled carbon nanotubes and expanded graphite. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Paszkiewicz
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering; West Pomeranian University of Technology; Piastow Avenue 19 Szczecin PL-70310 Poland
| | - A. Szymczyk
- Institute of Physics, West Pomeranian University of Technology; Piastow Avenue 19 Szczecin PL-70310 Poland
| | - X. M. Sui
- Department of Materials and Interfaces; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - H. D. Wagner
- Department of Materials and Interfaces; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - A. Linares
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC; Serrano 121 Madrid 28006 Spain
| | - A. Cirera
- Departament d'Electrònica; IN2UB-Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - A. Varea
- Departament d'Electrònica; IN2UB-Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - T. A. Ezquerra
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC; Serrano 121 Madrid 28006 Spain
| | - Z. Rosłaniec
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering; West Pomeranian University of Technology; Piastow Avenue 19 Szczecin PL-70310 Poland
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15
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Unal H, Kaya UA, Esmer K, Mimaroglu A, Poyraz B. Influence of wax content on the electrical, thermal and tribological behaviour of a polyamide 6/graphite composite. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2014-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, the influence of wax content on the electrical, thermal and tribological properties of a polyamide 6 composite filled with 15% wt. graphite was investigated. The wax filler contents of the composite were by 2, 4 and 6 wt.%. Characterisation of the composites was obtained using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy test. Electrical performance tests were carried out, and the dielectric real values (ε′) and imaginary values (ε″) were recorded. Thermal differential scanning calorimetry tests were carried out, and the glassy and melting temperatures of the composite materials were recorded. Furthermore, tribological tests were carried out and the friction coefficient and wear rate of the composites were recorded. The results show that the increase in wax content led to the increase in the permittivity values (ε′ and ε″) of the composites. The increase in wax content also led to the decrease in the friction coefficient and wear rates of the composite materials. Furthermore, the glassy and melting temperatures of the composite materials showed a sensitivity to the wax content. Finally, it is concluded that optimum properties, in total, were obtained in the composite filled with 6 wt.% wax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Unal
- Faculty of Technology, Sakarya University, Esentepe Kampusu, Adapazari, Turkey
| | - Ugur A. Kaya
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physics, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Kadir Esmer
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physics, Marmara University, Goztepe Kampusu, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A. Mimaroglu
- Engineering Faculty, Sakarya University, Esentepe Kampusu, Adapazari, Turkey
| | - Bayram Poyraz
- Scientific and Technological Research Center, Duzce University, Konuralp Yerleskesi, Duzce, Turkey
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16
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Paszkiewicz S, Pawelec I, Szymczyk A, Špitalský Z, Mosnáček J, Kochmańska A, Rosłaniec Z. Effect of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets’ size on the phase structure, electrical, and barrier properties of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)-based nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Paszkiewicz
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Institute of Material Science and Engineering; Piastow Av. 19, PL-70310 Szczecin Poland
| | - Iwona Pawelec
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Institute of Physics; Piastow Av. 19, PL-70310 Szczecin Poland
| | - Anna Szymczyk
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Institute of Physics; Piastow Av. 19, PL-70310 Szczecin Poland
| | - Zdenko Špitalský
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41Bratislava 45 Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Mosnáček
- Polymer Institute, Centre of Excellence FUN-MAT, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41Bratislava 45 Slovakia
| | - Agnieszka Kochmańska
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Institute of Material Science and Engineering; Piastow Av. 19, PL-70310 Szczecin Poland
| | - Zbigniew Rosłaniec
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Institute of Material Science and Engineering; Piastow Av. 19, PL-70310 Szczecin Poland
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17
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Ezquerra TA, Canalda JC, Sanz A, Linares A. On the electrical conductivity of PVDF composites with different carbon-based nanoadditives. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Gorrasi G, D'Ambrosio S, Patimo G, Pantani R. Hybrid clay-carbon nanotube/PET composites: Preparation, processing, and analysis of physical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Gorrasi
- Department of Industrial Engineering; University of Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Salvatore D'Ambrosio
- Department of Physics; University of Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Giovanni Patimo
- Department of Physics; University of Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy
| | - Roberto Pantani
- Department of Industrial Engineering; University of Salerno; Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy
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