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Filate T, Lee S, Franco LR, Chen Q, Genene Z, Marchiori CFN, Lee Y, Araujo M, Mammo W, Woo HY, Kim BJ, Wang E. Aqueous Processed All-Polymer Solar Cells with High Open-Circuit Voltage Based on Low-Cost Thiophene-Quinoxaline Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:12886-12896. [PMID: 38425182 PMCID: PMC10941072 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Eco-friendly solution processing and the low-cost synthesis of photoactive materials are important requirements for the commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs). Although varieties of aqueous-soluble acceptors have been developed, the availability of aqueous-processable polymer donors remains quite limited. In particular, the generally shallow highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels of existing polymer donors limit further increases in the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Here, we design and synthesize two water/alcohol-processable polymer donors, poly[(thiophene-2,5-diyl)-alt-(2-((13-(2,5,8,11-tetraoxadodecyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatetradecan-14-yl)oxy)-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline-5,8-diyl)] (P(Qx8O-T)) and poly[(selenophene-2,5-diyl)-alt-(2-((13-(2,5,8,11-tetraoxadodecyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraoxatetradecan-14-yl)oxy)-6,7-difluoroquinoxaline-5,8-diyl)] (P(Qx8O-Se)) with oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chains, having deep HOMO energy levels (∼-5.4 eV). The synthesis of the polymers is achieved in a few synthetic and purification steps at reduced cost. The theoretical calculations uncover that the dielectric environmental variations are responsible for the observed band gap lowering in OEG-based polymers compared to their alkylated counterparts. Notably, the aqueous-processed all-polymer solar cells (aq-APSCs) based on P(Qx8O-T) and poly[(N,N'-bis(3-(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-ethoxy)ethoxy)-2-((2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)-methyl)propyl)naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl)-alt-(2,5-thiophene)] (P(NDIDEG-T)) active layer exhibit a PCE of 2.27% and high open-circuit voltage (VOC) approaching 0.8 V, which are among the highest values for aq-APSCs reported to date. This study provides important clues for the design of low-cost, aqueous-processable polymer donors and the fabrication of aqueous-processable OSCs with high VOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadele
T. Filate
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 33658, 1000 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 34141 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Energy
Materials Research Center, Korea Research
Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 34114 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Leandro R. Franco
- Department
of Engineering and Physics, Karlstad University, 65188 Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Qiaonan Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Zewdneh Genene
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Yoonjoo Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moyses Araujo
- Department
of Engineering and Physics, Karlstad University, 65188 Karlstad, Sweden
- Materials
Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wendimagegn Mammo
- Department
of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 33658, 1000 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, 02841 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 34141 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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2
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Thomä SLJ, Zobel M. Beam-induced redox chemistry in iron oxide nanoparticle dispersions at ESRF-EBS. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2023; 30:440-444. [PMID: 36891857 PMCID: PMC10000811 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522011523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The storage ring upgrade of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility makes ESRF-EBS the most brilliant high-energy fourth-generation light source, enabling in situ studies with unprecedented time resolution. While radiation damage is commonly associated with degradation of organic matter such as ionic liquids or polymers in the synchrotron beam, this study clearly shows that highly brilliant X-ray beams readily induce structural changes and beam damage in inorganic matter, too. Here, the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ in iron oxide nanoparticles by radicals in the brilliant ESRF-EBS beam, not observed before the upgrade, is reported. Radicals are created due to radiolysis of an EtOH-H2O mixture with low EtOH concentration (∼6 vol%). In light of extended irradiation times during insitu experiments in, for example, battery and catalysis research, beam-induced redox chemistry needs to be understood for proper interpretation of insitu data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina L. J. Thomä
- Institute of Crystallography, RWTH Aachen University, Jägerstraße 17–19, Aachen, 52066 Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Mirijam Zobel
- Institute of Crystallography, RWTH Aachen University, Jägerstraße 17–19, Aachen, 52066 Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
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3
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Novel ionizing radiation induced reactions of poly(3-hexylthiophene). Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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4
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Chen S, Zhu S, Lin Z, Peng J. Transforming Polymorphs via Meniscus-Assisted Solution-Shearing Conjugated Polymers for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11194-11203. [PMID: 35776757 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ability to tune polymorphs of conjugated polymers affords a robust platform for investigating the processing-structure-property relationship. However, simple and generalizable routes to polymorphs have yet to be realized. Herein, we report a viable meniscus-assisted solution-shearing (MASS) strategy to effectively modulate polymorphs (i.e., polymorphs I and II) of poly(3-butylthiophene) (P3BT) and scrutinize the correlation between the two different polymorphs and charge transport characteristics. Specifically, polymorph II exists solely in drop-cast P3BT films. Intriguingly, confined shearing of P3BT renders efficient transformation of polymorph II to I. The kinetics of polymorph transformation associated with the changes in molecular packing and thus photophysical properties are elucidated. The resulting organic field-effect transistors reveal a strong correlation of device performance to attained polymorphs and crystal orientations of P3BT. Such polymorph transformation via the convenient MASS technique can be readily extended to other conjugated polymers of interest. This study highlights the robustness of MASS in regulating polymorphs of conjugated polymers to interrogate their interdependence of processing, structure, and property for a wide range of optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Juan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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5
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Smilgies D. GISAXS
: A versatile tool to assess structure and self‐assembly kinetics in block copolymer thin films. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Detlef‐M. Smilgies
- Center for Advanced Microelectronics Manufacturing (CAMM) Binghamton University Binghamton New York USA
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Binghamton University Binghamton New York USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Binghamton University Binghamton New York USA
- R.F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
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6
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Robertson M, Zhou Q, Ye C, Qiang Z. Developing Anisotropy in Self-Assembled Block Copolymers: Methods, Properties, and Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100300. [PMID: 34272778 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers (BCPs) self-assembly has continually attracted interest as a means to provide bottom-up control over nanostructures. While various methods have been demonstrated for efficiently ordering BCP nanodomains, most of them do not generically afford control of nanostructural orientation. For many applications of BCPs, such as energy storage, microelectronics, and separation membranes, alignment of nanodomains is a key requirement for enabling their practical use or enhancing materials performance. This review focuses on summarizing research progress on the development of anisotropy in BCP systems, covering a variety of topics from established aligning techniques, resultant material properties, and the associated applications. Specifically, the significance of aligning nanostructures and the anisotropic properties of BCPs is discussed and highlighted by demonstrating a few promising applications. Finally, the challenges and outlook are presented to further implement aligned BCPs into practical nanotechnological applications, where exciting opportunities exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Robertson
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Qingya Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Changhuai Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhe Qiang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
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7
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LiF Nanoparticles Enhance Targeted Degradation of Organic Material under Low Dose X-ray Irradiation. RADIATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/radiation1020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The targeted irradiation of structures by X-rays has seen application in a variety of fields. Herein, the use of 5–10 nm LiF nanoparticles to locally enhance the degradation of an organic thin film, diindenoperylene, under hard X-ray irradiation, at relatively low ionizing radiation doses, is shown. X-ray reflectivity analysis indicated that the film thickness increased 12.04 Å in air and 11.34 Å in a helium atmosphere, under a radiation dose of ∼65 J/cm2 for 3 h illumination with a bi-layer structure that contained submonolayer coverage of thermally evaporated LiF. This was accompanied by significant modification of the surface topography for the organic film, which initially formed large flat islands. Accelerated aging experiments suggested that localized heating was not a major mechanism for the observed changes, suggesting a photochemical mechanism due to the formation of reactive species from LiF under irradiation. As LiF has a tendency to form active defects under radiation across the energy spectrum, this could could open a new direction to explore the efficacy of LiF or similar optically active materials that form electrically active defects under irradiation in various applications that could benefit from enhanced activity, such as radiography or targeted X-ray irradiation therapies.
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8
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Mei H, Mah AH, Hu Z, Li Y, Terlier T, Stein GE, Verduzco R. Rapid Processing of Bottlebrush Coatings through UV-Induced Cross-Linking. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1135-1142. [PMID: 35653204 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bottlebrush polymers can be used to introduce novel surface properties including hydrophilicity, stimuli-responsiveness, and reduced friction forces. However, simple, general, and efficient approaches to cross-linking bottlebrush polymer films and coatings are limited. Here, we report that bottlebrush polymers with an unsaturated polynorbornene backbone and thiol-terminated side chains can be cross-linked on demand by UV irradiation to produce uniform and insoluble bottlebrush polymer coatings. To quantify the kinetics and efficiency of cross-linking by UV exposure (254 nm), we measured the normalized residual thickness (NRT) of bottlebrush and linear polymer films after UV exposure and solvent washing. For bottlebrush polymers with thiol-terminated polystyrene (PS) side chains, the NRT exceeded 60% for a UV dose of 1.0 J/cm2, while unfunctionalized linear PS required a dose of 7.9 J/cm2 to achieve similar NRT values. Rapid UV-induced cross-linking of the bottlebrush PS was attributed to the thiol-ene coupling of the thiol-terminated side chains with the unsaturated polynorbornene backbones, as demonstrated through FTIR measurements and control studies involving bottlebrush polymers with saturated backbones. To establish the broader applicability of this approach, UV-induced cross-linking was demonstrated for thin films of bottlebrush polymers with thiol-terminated poly(methyl acrylate) (BB-PMMA-SH) side chains and those with poly(ethylene glycol) (BB-PEG) and poly(lactic acid) (BB-PLA) side chains which do not contain thiol end groups. UV-induced cross-linking of BB-PEG and BB-PLA films required the use of a multifunctional thiol additive. Finally, we demonstrated that bottlebrush polymer multilayers can be fabricated through sequential deposition and UV-induced cross-linking of different bottlebrush polymer chemistries. The cross-linking process outlined in this work is simple, general, and efficient and produces solvent-resistant coatings that preserve the unique properties and functions of bottlebrush polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Mei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Adeline Huizhen Mah
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Zhiqi Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Yilin Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Tanguy Terlier
- SIMS Lab, Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Gila E. Stein
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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9
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Doerk GS, Li R, Fukuto M, Yager KG. Wet Brush Homopolymers as “Smart Solvents” for Rapid, Large Period Block Copolymer Thin Film Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S. Doerk
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Masafumi Fukuto
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Kevin G. Yager
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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10
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Doerk GS, Li R, Fukuto M, Rodriguez A, Yager KG. Thickness-Dependent Ordering Kinetics in Cylindrical Block Copolymer/Homopolymer Ternary Blends. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alfredo Rodriguez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City College of City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
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11
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Mah AH, Mei H, Basu P, Laws TS, Ruchhoeft P, Verduzco R, Stein GE. Swelling responses of surface-attached bottlebrush polymer networks. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:6728-6736. [PMID: 30062351 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01127c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The swelling responses of thin polymer networks were examined as a function of primary polymer architecture. Thin films of linear or bottlebrush polystyrene were cast on polystyrene-grafted substrates, and surface-attached networks were prepared with a radiation crosslinking reaction. The dry and equilibrated swollen thicknesses were both determined with spectroscopic ellipsometry. The dry thickness, which reflects the insoluble fraction of the film after crosslinking, depends on the primary polymer size and radiation dose but is largely independent of primary polymer architecture. When networks are synthesized with a high radiation dose, producing a high density of crosslinks, the extent of swelling is similar for all primary polymer architectures and molecular weights. However, when networks are synthesized with a low radiation dose, the extent of swelling is reduced as the primary polymer becomes larger or increasingly branched. These trends are consistent with a simple Flory model for equilibrium swelling that describes the effects of branch junctions and radiation crosslinks on network elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Huizhen Mah
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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12
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Kelly GM, Elman JF, Jiang Z, Strzalka J, Albert JN. Thermal transitions in semi-crystalline polymer thin films studied via spectral reflectance. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Dong BX, Strzalka J, Jiang Z, Li H, Stein GE, Green PF. Crystallization Mechanism and Charge Carrier Transport in MAPLE-Deposited Conjugated Polymer Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:44799-44810. [PMID: 29168635 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although spin casting and chemical surface reactions are the most common methods used for fabricating functional polymer films onto substrates, they are limited with regard to producing films of certain morphological characteristics on different wetting and nonwetting substrates. The matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) technique offers advantages with regard to producing films of different morphologies on different types of substrates. Here, we provide a quantitative characterization, using X-ray diffraction and optical methods, to elucidate the additive growth mechanism of MAPLE-deposited poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films on substrates that have undergone different surface treatments, enabling them to possess different wettabilities. We show that MAPLE-deposited films are composed of crystalline phases, wherein the overall P3HT aggregate size and crystallite coherence length increase with deposition time. A complete pole figure constructed from X-ray diffraction measurements reveals that in these MAPLE-deposited films, there exist two distinct crystallite populations: (i) highly oriented crystals that grow from the flat dielectric substrate and (ii) misoriented crystals that preferentially grow on top of the existing polymer layers. The growth of the highly oriented crystals is highly sensitive to the chemistry of the substrate, whereas the effect of substrate chemistry on misoriented crystal growth is weaker. The use of a self-assembled monolayer to treat the substrate greatly enhances the population and crystallite coherence length at the buried interfaces, particularly during the early stage of deposition. The evolution of the in-plane carrier mobilities during the course of deposition is consistent with the development of highly oriented crystals at the buried interface, suggesting that this interface plays a key role toward determining carrier transport in organic thin-film transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Strzalka
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhang Jiang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | - Gila E Stein
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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14
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Lim C, Kang H, De Andrade V, De Carlo F, Zhu L. Hard X-ray-induced damage on carbon-binder matrix for in situ synchrotron transmission X-ray microscopy tomography of Li-ion batteries. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:695-698. [PMID: 28452763 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517003046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The electrode of Li-ion batteries is required to be chemically and mechanically stable in the electrolyte environment for in situ monitoring by transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM). Evidence has shown that continuous irradiation has an impact on the microstructure and the electrochemical performance of the electrode. To identify the root cause of the radiation damage, a wire-shaped electrode is soaked in an electrolyte in a quartz capillary and monitored using TXM under hard X-ray illumination. The results show that expansion of the carbon-binder matrix by the accumulated X-ray dose is the key factor of radiation damage. For in situ TXM tomography, intermittent X-ray exposure during image capturing can be used to avoid the morphology change caused by radiation damage on the carbon-binder matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolwoong Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Huixiao Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Vincent De Andrade
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Francesco De Carlo
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Likun Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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15
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Block copolymer thin films: Characterizing nanostructure evolution with in situ X-ray and neutron scattering. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Shelton CK, Jones RL, Dura JA, Epps TH. Tracking Solvent Distribution in Block Polymer Thin Films during Solvent Vapor Annealing with in Situ Neutron Scattering. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron K. Shelton
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Division and ∥NIST Center for
Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Ronald L. Jones
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Division and ∥NIST Center for
Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Joseph A. Dura
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Division and ∥NIST Center for
Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Thomas H. Epps
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Division and ∥NIST Center for
Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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17
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Kim S, Li W, Fredrickson GH, Hawker CJ, Kramer EJ. Order-disorder transition in thin films of horizontally-oriented cylinder-forming block copolymers: thermal fluctuations vs. preferential wetting. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:5915-5925. [PMID: 27334558 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00739b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental and theoretical investigations of the order-disorder transition (ODT) in thin films of cylinder-forming diblock copolymers with asymmetric wetting conditions. Grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) was implemented to determine the ODT temperatures (TODT) for poly(styrene-b-2-vinyl pyridine) (PS-P2VP) block copolymer thin films on a P2VP-preferential silicon substrate. Specifically, films consisting of multilayers of horizontally-oriented cylindrical structures (from 1- to 9-layers) were tested. We find that films with more than 2 cylindrical layers have a TODT comparable to the bulk case. However, TODT decreases as the film becomes thinner and the monolayer system has an ODT 30 °C below the bulk. Using self-consistent field theory (SCFT), we studied the ordering in corresponding thin films with asymmetric (top and bottom surface) wetting conditions. Surprisingly, SCFT is found to predict an opposite trend in TODT with film thickness than observed experimentally. Field-theoretic simulations with complex Langevin sampling were employed to resolve this discrepancy and demonstrate that thermal fluctuations in the PS-P2VP thin-film system dominate its ordering behavior in monolayer and bilayer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwon Kim
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA. and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Li
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
| | - Glenn H Fredrickson
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA. and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Craig J Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA. and Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Edward J Kramer
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA. and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA and Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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