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Orselly M, Richard C, Devémy J, Bouvet-Marchand A, Dequidt A, Loubat C, Malfreyt P. Impact of the Force Field on the Calculation of Density and Surface Tension of Epoxy-Resins. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2617-2628. [PMID: 36917513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c09087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
The molecular simulation of interfacial systems is a matter of debate because of the choice of many input parameters that can affect significantly the performance of the force field of reproducing the surface tension and the coexisting densities. After developing a robust methodology for the calculation of the surface tension on a Lennard-Jones fluid, we apply it with different force fields to calculate the density and surface tension of pure constituents of epoxy resins. By using the model that best reproduces the experimental density and surface tension, we investigate the impact of composition in mass fraction on uncured epoxy resins and the effects of degree of cross-linking on cured resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Orselly
- Specific Polymers, 150 Avenue des Cocardières, 34160 Castries, France
| | - Cécile Richard
- Specific Polymers, 150 Avenue des Cocardières, 34160 Castries, France
| | - Julien Devémy
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Alain Dequidt
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cédric Loubat
- Specific Polymers, 150 Avenue des Cocardières, 34160 Castries, France
| | - Patrice Malfreyt
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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2
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Fast-Processable Non-Flammable Phthalonitrile-Modified Novolac/Carbon and Glass Fiber Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224975. [PMID: 36433102 PMCID: PMC9699085 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalonitrile resins (PN) are known for their incredible heat resistance and at the same time poor processability. Common curing cycle of the PN includes dozens hours of heating at temperatures up to 375 °C. This work was aimed at reducing processing time of phthalonitrile resin, and with this purpose, a novolac oligomer with hydroxyl groups fully substituted by phthalonitrile moieties was synthesized with a quantitative yield. Formation of the reaction byproducts was investigated depending on the synthesis conditions. The product was characterized by 1H NMR and FT-IR. Curing of the resins with the addition of different amounts of novolac phenolic as curing agent (25, 50 and 75 wt.%) was studied by rheological and DSC experiments. Based on these data, a curing program was developed for the further thermosets' investigation: hot-pressing at 220 °C and 1.7 MPa for 20 min. TGA showed the highest thermal stability of the resin with 25 wt.% of novolac (T5% = 430 °C). The post-curing program was developed by the use of DMA with different heating rates and holding for various times at 280 or 300 °C (heating rate 0.5 °C/min). Carbon and glass fiber plastic laminates were fabricated via hot-pressing of prepregs with Tg's above 300 °C. Microcracks were formed in the CFRP, but void-free GFRP were fabricated and demonstrated superior mechanical properties (ILSS up to 86 MPa; compressive strength up to 620 MPa; flexural strength up to 946 MPa). Finally, flammability tests showed that the composite was extinguished in less than 5 s after the flame source was removed, so the material can be classified as V-0 according to the UL94 ratings. For the first time, fast-curing phthalonitrile prepregs were presented. The hot-pressing cycle of 20 min with 150 min free-standing post-curing yielded composites with the unique properties. The combination of mechanical properties, scale-up suitable fast-processing and inflammability makes the presented materials prospective for applications in the electric vehicle industries, fast train construction and the aerospace industry.
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3
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Rudyak VY, Larin DE, Govorun EN. Microphase Separation of Statistical Multiblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Yu. Rudyak
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-2, Moscow119991, Russia
| | - Daniil E. Larin
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Vavilova ul. 28, Moscow119991, Russia
| | - Elena N. Govorun
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-2, Moscow119991, Russia
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4
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Orselly M, Devemy J, Bouvet-Marchand A, Dequidt A, Loubat C, Malfreyt P. Molecular Simulations of Thermomechanical Properties of Epoxy-Amine Resins. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30040-30050. [PMID: 36061676 PMCID: PMC9434774 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed with the CHARMM force field to characterize various epoxy resins, such as aliphatic and bisphenol-based resins. A multistep cross-linking algorithm was established, and key properties such as density, glass temperature, and elastic modulus were calculated. A quantitative comparison was made and was proven to be in good agreement with experimental data, with average absolute deviations between experiments and molecular simulation comprised between 2% and 12%. Additional findings on structure-property relationships were highlighted such as the effect of the cross-linking rate and oligomerization of the resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Orselly
- Specific
Polymers, 150 Avenue des Cocardières, 34160 Castries, France
- Université
Clermont Auvergne,Clermont Auvergne
INP, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Devemy
- Université
Clermont Auvergne,Clermont Auvergne
INP, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Alain Dequidt
- Université
Clermont Auvergne,Clermont Auvergne
INP, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cédric Loubat
- Specific
Polymers, 150 Avenue des Cocardières, 34160 Castries, France
| | - Patrice Malfreyt
- Université
Clermont Auvergne,Clermont Auvergne
INP, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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5
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Cao K, Zhou W, Chen L, He J, Zhan L, Chen Q, Yu H, He X. Investigation of packaging adhesive properties by molecular dynamics and experiments. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaicong Cao
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Wu Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Lili Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chengdu Technological university Chengdu China
| | - Jiangbo He
- School of Mechanical Engineering Xihua University Chengdu China
| | - Li Zhan
- Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu China
| | - Qing Chen
- Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu China
| | - Huijun Yu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Xiaoping He
- Institute of Electronic Engineering China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang China
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6
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Vakkipurath Kodakkadan YN, Idzakovicova K, Sepitka J, Ten Napel D, Safai E, Cigler P, Štěpánek F, Rehor I. Arbitrarily-shaped microgels composed of chemically unmodified biopolymers. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:3044-3051. [PMID: 32307470 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm02056j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biohydrogels, composed of naturally occurring biopolymers are typically preferred over their synthetic analogues in bioapplications thanks to their biocompatibility, bioactivity, mechanical or degradation properties. Shaping biohydrogels on the single-cell length scales (micrometers) is a key ability needed to create bioequivalent artificial cell/tissue constructs and cannot be achieved with current methods. This work introduces a method for photolithographic synthesis of arbitrarily shaped microgels composed purely of a biopolymer of choice. The biopolymer is mixed with a sacrificial photocrosslinkable polymer, and the mixture is photocrosslinked in a lithographic process, yielding anisotropic microgels with the biopolymer entrapped in the network. Subsequent ionic or covalent biopolymer crosslinking followed by template cleavage yields a microgel composed purely of a biopolymer with the 3D shape dictated by the photocrosslinking process. Method feasibility is demonstrated with two model polysaccharide biopolymers (alginate, chitosan) using suitable crosslinking methods. Next, alginate microgels were used as microtaggants on a pharmaceutical oral solid dose formulation to prevent its counterfeiting. Since the alginate is approved as an additive in the food and pharmaceutical industries, the presented tagging system can be implemented in practical use much easier than systems comprising synthetic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadu N Vakkipurath Kodakkadan
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technicka 5, 16628, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Wang F, Dou L, Dai J, Li Y, Huang L, Si Y, Yu J, Ding B. In situ Synthesis of Biomimetic Silica Nanofibrous Aerogels with Temperature‐Invariant Superelasticity over One Million Compressions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of TextilesDonghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Lvye Dou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of TextilesDonghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of TextilesDonghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Yuyao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of TextilesDonghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Liqian Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of TextilesDonghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Yang Si
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of TextilesDonghua University Shanghai 201620 China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and TechnologyDonghua University Shanghai 200051 China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of TextilesDonghua University Shanghai 201620 China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and TechnologyDonghua University Shanghai 200051 China
| | - Bin Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of TextilesDonghua University Shanghai 201620 China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and TechnologyDonghua University Shanghai 200051 China
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8
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Wang F, Dou L, Dai J, Li Y, Huang L, Si Y, Yu J, Ding B. In situ Synthesis of Biomimetic Silica Nanofibrous Aerogels with Temperature‐Invariant Superelasticity over One Million Compressions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8285-8292. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of TextilesDonghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Lvye Dou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of TextilesDonghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of TextilesDonghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Yuyao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of TextilesDonghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Liqian Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of TextilesDonghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Yang Si
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of TextilesDonghua University Shanghai 201620 China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and TechnologyDonghua University Shanghai 200051 China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of TextilesDonghua University Shanghai 201620 China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and TechnologyDonghua University Shanghai 200051 China
| | - Bin Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of TextilesDonghua University Shanghai 201620 China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and TechnologyDonghua University Shanghai 200051 China
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9
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Ghermezcheshme H, Makki H, Mohseni M, Ebrahimi M, de With G. MARTINI-based simulation method for step-growth polymerization and its analysis by size exclusion characterization: a case study of cross-linked polyurethane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:21603-21614. [PMID: 31544200 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03407b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simulation studies of step-growth polymerization, e.g., polymerization of polyurethane systems, hold great promise due to having complete control over the reaction conditions and being able to perform an in-depth analysis of network structures. In this work, we developed a (completely automated) simulation method based on a coarse-grained (CG) methodology, i.e., the MARTINI model, to study the cross-linking reaction of a diol, a tri-isocyanate molecule and one-hydroxyl functional molecule to form a polyurethane network without and with dangling chains. This method is capable of simulating the cross-linking reactions not only up to very high conversions, but also under rather complicated reaction conditions, i.e., a non-stoichiometric ratio of the reactants, solvent evaporation and multi-step addition of the reactants. We introduced a novel network analysis, similar to size-exclusion chromatography based on graph theory, to study the growth of the network during the polymerization process. By combining the reaction simulations with these analysis methods, a set of correlations between the reaction conditions, reaction mechanisms and final network structure and properties is revealed. For instance, a two-step addition of materials for the reaction, i.e., first the dangling chain to the tri-isocyanate and then the diol, leads to the highest integrated network structure. We observed that different reaction conditions lead to different glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the network due to the distinct differences in the final network structures obtained. For example, by addition of dangling chains to the network, the Tg decreases as compared to the network without dangling chains, as also is commonly observed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ghermezcheshme
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hesam Makki
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Mohseni
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran.
| | - Morteza Ebrahimi
- Department of Polymer and Color Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gijsbertus de With
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, POB 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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10
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Interfacial Characteristics of Boron Nitride Nanosheet/Epoxy Resin Nanocomposites: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9142832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The interface between nanofillers and matrix plays a key role in determining the properties of nanocomposites, but the interfacial characteristics of nanocomposites such as molecular structure and interaction strength are not fully understood yet. In this work, the interfacial features of a typical nanocomposite, namely epoxy resin (EP) filled with boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS) are investigated by utilizing molecular dynamics simulation, and the effect of surface functionalization is analyzed. The radial distribution density (RDD) and interfacial binding energy (IBE) are used to explore the structure and bonding strength of nanocomposites interface. Besides, the interface compatibility and molecular chain mobility (MCM) of BNNS/EP nanocomposites are analyzed by cohesive energy density (CED), free volume fraction (FFV), and radial mean square displacement (RMSD). The results indicate that the interface region of BNNS/EP is composed of three regions including compact region, buffer region, and normal region. The structure at the interfacial region of nanocomposite is more compact, and the chain mobility is significantly lower than that of the EP away from the interface. Moreover, the interfacial interaction strength and compatibility increase with the functional density of BNNS functionalized by CH3–(CH2)4–O– radicals. These results adequately illustrate interfacial characteristics of nanocomposites from atomic level.
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11
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Model of the DGEBA-EDA Epoxy Polymer: Experiments and Simulation Using Classical Molecular Dynamics. INT J POLYM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/9604714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyepoxy samples are synthesized from diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and ethylene diamine (EDA) monomers at a stoichiometric ratio of 2 DGEBA : 1 EDA in model conditions in order to promote a high degree of polymerization and a low density of defects and to try to approach the ideal models obtained by simulation. A slow polymerization (>24 h at ambient temperature) and a postcuring achieved in an inert atmosphere lead to a conversion degree of 92±2% and a midpoint glass transition temperature of 391±1 K. In parallel, a model is created with a multistep cross-linking procedure. In this work, all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed with LAMMPS and the GAFF 1.8 force field. In the initial liquid mixture of reactants (600 molecules), proper mixing is demonstrated by the calculation of the partial radial distribution functions (RDF), which show a minimum intermolecular distance of 2.8 Å and similar distributions for EDA-EDA, DGEBA-DGEBA, and DGEBA-EDA molecules in the simulation boxes. Then, in alternation with MD equilibrations, cross-linking is performed on frozen configurations by creating covalent bonds between reactive pairs within a reaction radius of 3 Å. The resulting boxes show conversion rates of 90-93% and densities close to the experimental value. Finally, a cooling ramp from 700 K to 25 K is applied in order to monitor the specific volume and the coefficient of volumetric thermal expansion (CVTE) of the polymer and to derive the glass transition temperature. Experimental thermomechanical analyses (TMA) compares well with simulations for both the specific volume and the CVTE evolutions with temperature. Whereas the uncertainty remains high with the fitting procedure used, we calculate a glass transition temperature of 390±8 K which compares very well with the experimental values (391±1 K from DSC and 380 K from TMA).
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Rudyak VY, Efimova EA, Guseva DV, Chertovich AV. Thermoset Polymer Matrix Structure and Properties: Coarse-Grained Simulations. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 11:E36. [PMID: 30960020 PMCID: PMC6401891 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of a thermoset polymer network is a complex process with great variability. In this study, we used dissipative particle dynamics and graph theory tools to investigate the curing process and network topology of a phthalonitrile thermoset to reveal the influence of initiator and plasticizer concentration on its properties. We also propose a novel way to characterize the network topology on the basis of two independent characteristics: simple cycle length (which is mainly affected by the initiator amount) and the number of simple cycles passing through a single covalent bond (which is determined primarily by plasticizer concentration). These values can be treated in the more familiar terms of network "mesh size" and "sponginess", correspondingly. The combination of these two topological parameters allows one to characterize any given network in an implicit but precise way and predict the resulting network properties, including the mechanical modulus. We believe that the same approach could be useful for other polymer networks as well, including rubbers and gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Yu Rudyak
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Elizaveta A Efimova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Daria V Guseva
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Chertovich
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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13
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Palyulin VV, Ness C, Milkus R, Elder RM, Sirk TW, Zaccone A. Parameter-free predictions of the viscoelastic response of glassy polymers from non-affine lattice dynamics. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:8475-8482. [PMID: 30152833 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01468j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We study the viscoelastic response of amorphous polymers using theory and simulations. By accounting for internal stresses and considering instantaneous normal modes (INMs) within athermal non-affine theory, we make parameter-free predictions of the dynamic viscoelastic moduli obtained in coarse-grained simulations of polymer glasses at non-zero temperatures. The theoretical results show very good correspondence with rheology data collected from molecular dynamics simulations over five orders of magnitude in frequency, with some instabilities that accumulate in the low-frequency part on approach to the glass transition. These results provide evidence that the mechanical glass transition itself is continuous and thus represents a crossover rather than a true phase transition. The relatively sharp drop of the low-frequency storage modulus across the glass transition temperature can be explained mechanistically within the proposed theory: the proliferation of low-eigenfrequency vibrational excitations (boson peak and nearly-zero energy excitations) is directly responsible for the rapid growth of a negative non-affine contribution to the storage modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Palyulin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK.
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14
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Guseva DV, Rudyak VY, Komarov PV, Bulgakov BA, Babkin AV, Chertovich AV. Dynamic and Static Mechanical Properties of Crosslinked Polymer Matrices: Multiscale Simulations and Experiments. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10070792. [PMID: 30960717 PMCID: PMC6403808 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the static and dynamic mechanical properties of crosslinked polymer matrices using multiscale simulations and experiments. We continued to develop the multiscale methodology for generating atomistic polymer networks, and applied it to the case of phthalonitrile resin. The mechanical properties of the resulting networks were analyzed using atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) and dissipative particle dynamics (DPD). The Young’s and storage moduli increased with conversion, due both to the appearance of a network of covalent bonds, and to freezing of degrees of freedom and lowering of the glass transition temperature during crosslinking. The simulations’ data showed good quantitative agreement with experimental dynamic mechanical analysis measurements at temperatures below the glass transition. The data obtained in MD and DPD simulations at elevated temperatures were conformable. This makes it possible to use the suggested approach for the prediction of mechanical properties of a broad range of polymer matrices, including ones with high structural heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Guseva
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Yu Rudyak
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Pavel V Komarov
- Department of General Physics, Tver State University, Sadovyj per., 35, 170002 Tver, Russia.
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova st., 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Boris A Bulgakov
- Institute of New Carbon Materials and Technologies, Leninskie gory, 1-11, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Babkin
- Institute of New Carbon Materials and Technologies, Leninskie gory, 1-11, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Chertovich
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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